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82. Genderové nerovnosti ve stáří: marginalizace a znevýhodnění žen ve stáří
- Creator:
- Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gender, stáří, senioři, ženy, sociální nerovnost, marginalizace, old age, older people, women, social inequality, marginalisation, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Ageing is process that is always gendered. Gender shapes the life biography and the norms and expectations that are imposed on individuals as they age. On the other hand, the experience of ageing affects the mechanism of creating and negotiating gender identity. This article critically discusses debates surrounding gender inequalities in old age. These debates often focus on older women as a group that is highly disadvantaged owing to the combined effects of sexism and ageism. This article critically discusses this “problem of old women” and shows alternative views of women’s experiences of ageing. It highlights the necessity to understand age and gender as two intertwining systems. It points out that ageing can in many respects create room for a redefinition of gender roles and expectation. The intersection of age and gender cannot be seen as a simple combination of two categories and must instead be viewed as a process that creates a specific social location, which can generate new forms of inequalities., Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
83. Genderové praktiky v konstrukci akademické excelence: ovce s pěti nohama
- Creator:
- Brink, Marieke van den and Benschop, Yvonne
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gender, akademická povolání, construction of excellence, gender practices, inequality, meritocracy, recruitment and selection, women in academia, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Academic excellence is allegedly a universal and gender neutral standard of merit. This article examines exactly what is constructed as academic excellence at the micro-level, how evaluators operationalize this construct in the criteria they apply in academic evaluation, and how gender inequalities are imbued in the construction and evaluation of excellence. We challenge the view that the academic world is governed by the normative principle of meritocracy in its allocation of rewards and resources. Based on an empirical study of professorial appointments in the Netherlands, we argue that academic excellence is an evasive social construct that is inherently gendered. We show how gender is practiced in the evaluation of professorial candidates, resulting in disadvantages for women and privileges for men that accumulate to produce substantial inequalities in the construction of excellence., Marieke van den Brink, Yvonne Benschop., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
84. Genderové role v rodině pohledem dětských aktérů
- Creator:
- Slepičková, Lenka and Kvapilová Bartošová, Michaela
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gender, rodina, family, child as a social actor, research with children, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article is based on research conducted with young children, and uses methods of data collection that are suitable and appropriate for children (focus groups, writing, and drawing). Theoretically grounded in a child-perspective research, we intend to contribute to the debate on the transition of gender order in the Czech environment. The text focuses particularly on the issue of gender roles both in the family of participating children and in their projections of roles of individual family members. An analysis of children’ views shows that they identify with the gender categories of “men” and “women” and construct these categories as opposite and firmly bounded. Despite the awareness of conflicts and problems that the unequal distribution of domestic tasks can bring, children mostly support the traditional division of roles and refer to them as normal, natural and corresponding to the physical characteristics of men and women. On the other hand, egalitarian attitudes (the view of division of roles as not depending on gender) are expressed by some children, more often by children from the urban school than from the village school., Lenka Slepičková, Michaela Kvapilová Bartošová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
85. Genderové souvislosti reforem důchodového systému v ČR
- Creator:
- Radka Dudová
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- sociologie, sociology, gender, pension system, pension reforms, unpaid work, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The paper discusses changes that have occurred in the Czech pension system since 1996 in terms of their gender impact. The pension system is considered in a broader socio-economic context. I take into account different working careers of men and women and their unequal share in unpaid care work. I analyse individual steps of the reform (the criteria for entitlement to a retirement pension, changes in the mechanism for calculating pension benefits, and the newly established private second pillar) and show the impact of these changes on women and men in retirement. I conclude that although the reform is presented as gender-neutral just because it maintains the same conditions for both sexes, it ultimately brings significant deterioration in women’s retirement situation as compared to men’s. An increase in the level of equivalence - and therefore the increasing dependence of the pension entitlement on previous income from paid work - means that, in the logic of the pension system, unpaid work associated particularly with childcare is valued less and less and gender inequalities in the labour market are reproduced., Radka Dudová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
86. Genderový rozměr evropeizace na srovnání České republiky a Slovenska: Röder, I. Gender equality, preaccession assistance and europeanisation: Two post-socialist countries on their way to the European Union
- Creator:
- Nyklová, Blanka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- rozšíření Evropské unie, rovné postavení mužů a žen, gender, evropeizace, European Union enlargement, gender equality, Europeanization, 15, and 327
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- [autor recenze] Blanka Nyklová. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
87. Geopolitické změny v organizaci péče a jejich sociálněpolitické implikace
- Creator:
- Hana Hašková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- pečovatelství, gender, sociální politika, mezinárodní konference, care work, corporate social policy, international conferences, teorie péče, sociální organizace péče, globální politická ekonomie péče, 18, and 364
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Hana Hašková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
88. Globální muž a lokální žena? Feministický pohled na globalizaci
- Creator:
- Kolářová, Marta
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- globalization, gender, and market production
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The paper presents a feminist critique of globalization. The mainstream theories of globalization have a masculine bias. Bringing gender aspects to globalization characterizes global actors and creates a framework for global issues. Mostly the economic globalization and the changes of the organization of labour globally are addressed. The link between the hegemonic form of masculinity and feminized production is described. The global production is dependent on cheap women's work in factories of transnational corporations in the global South. Flexibilization and informalization of labour is associated with its feminization. Globalization processes are changing gender systems and affecting the dichotomies of the masculine and feminine world by bringing more and more women into formerly male-dominated spheres, especially production and migration.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
89. Hypermobilní globální pracovnice: Metz‑Göckel, S., Morokvasic, M., Münst, A. S. (eds.). Migration and mobility in an enlarged Europe. A gender perspective
- Creator:
- Pařízková, Alena
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- emigrace a imigrace, ženy, pracovní migrace, gender, emigration and immigration, women, labor migration, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- [autor recenze] Alena Pařízková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
90. Interactions of renin-angiotensin system and COVID-19: the importance of daily rhythms in ACE2, ADAM17 and TMPRSS2 expression
- Creator:
- Zlacká, Jana, Stebelová, Katarína, Zeman, Michal, and Herichová, Iveta
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- hypertension, ACE, circadian, gender, and ontogenesis
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was identified as a molecule that mediates the cellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several membrane molecules of the host cell must cooperate in this process. While ACE2 serves in a membrane receptor-mediating interaction with the surface spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 located on the virus envelope, enzyme A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) regulates ACE2 availability on the membrane and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) facilitates virus-cell membrane fusion. Interestingly, ACE2, ADAM17 and TMPRSS2 show a daily rhythm of expression in at least some mammalian tissue. The circadian system can also modulate COVID-19 progression via circadian control of the immune system (direct, as well as melatonin-mediated) and blood coagulation. Virus/ACE2 interaction causes ACE2 internalization into the cell, which is associated with suppressed activity of ACE2. As a major role of ACE2 is to form vasodilatory angiotensin 1-7 from angiotensin II (Ang II), suppressed ACE2 levels in the lung can contribute to secondary COVID-19 complications caused by up-regulated, pro-inflammatory vasoconstrictor Ang II. This is supported by the positive association of hypertension and negative COVID-19 prognosis although this relationship is dependent on numerous comorbidities. Hypertension treatment with inhibitors of renin-angiotensin system does not negatively influence prognosis of COVID-19 patients. It seems that tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 shows negative correlation to ACE2 expression. However, in lungs of infected patient, a high ACE2 expression is associated with better outcome, compared to low ACE2 expression. Manipulation of soluble ACE2 levels is a promising COVID-19 therapeutic strategy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public