The intersectional perspective represents, in Czech sociology, an untapped opportunity to examine the interaction between the different lines of inequality in the process of constantly changing social structure. This article aims to enrich current Czech sociological research in two ways. Firstly, it analyses and describes the impacts of the economic crisis on labour market relations in the Czech Republic. Secondly, it applies the intersectional perspective in a quantitative analysis of structural inequalities. In this perspective, we analyse the changing structure of the labour market between 2008 and 2012 at the intersection of gender, class (education), age and parenthood, using statistical indicators. Moreover, we use event-history analysis to capture the risk of job loss in the first phase of the crisis (2008–2010). Our analysis shows that the economic crisis deepened existing inequalities in the labour market, further differentiated female labour market prospects by educational attainment, especially in interaction with parenthood, and also rapidly deteriorated the labour market situation of men with low education, including fathers of small children., Alena Křížková, Lenka Formánková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article deals with relationships between human capital and social capital. Often is mentioned that presence of social capital is key condition of success investment in human capital. The article presents opposite view - investments in human capital are necessary condition investments in social capital (at least in individual social capital). The three main form of social capital (bonding, bridging and linking social capital) are described at it is shown when generating each form can generate individuals profit and utility - in each case individuals must also invest in their human capital. Investments in human capital can also respond to the situation when investments in social capital become obsolete or devalue., Petr Wawrosz, Herbet Heissler., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The text is inspired by the article of Steve Fuller named Making Agency Count (Fuller 1994) where Fuller introduced the concept of agency in medias res in order to treat agency as a kind of social "scarce good". My aim is to show that while Fuller claim seems plausible in the light of the agency negotiation in the legal determination of patents, the fetal medicine or the fetal fissue research, there are nevertheless several problems in its implications. First, if we consider moral action as an example of agency, an altruistic actor, in order to not consume much form the stock of available agency, would resign from a moral action, or, in extreme case, would act immorally to provide more space for moral actioon. Second, agency is always connected to multiple meanings therefore what is considered as agency by one actor, could be considered as non-agency by another one. Agency can by multiplied by diversification of attributed meanings, what is not the case of economic goods. In concluding the article I make a hypothesis that there is an interesting kind of agency (quasi-agency), which is produced by a social protection. Children, animals, fetuses are claimed to be actors but, in fact, this action magnify temporarily mainly the agency of claimants than those objects of protection., Martin Hájek., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
The majority of crime is not detected by the police itself. Its work, if it is to be effective, depends heavily on the people’swillingness to cooperate with the police. The paper compares the degree of such cooperation between the Czech Republic and other European countries that participated on the ESS R 5 research and focuses on factors influencing the cooperation. Education, feelings of safety when walking alone in local areas after dark and satisfaction with police officers’ treatment allplay an important role in explaining people’swillingness to cooperate with the police. Further, results of the analyses show that the Czech Republic and other post -communist countries alike suffer from relatively low legitimacy of the police as well as low degree of public cooperation with this institution. Moreover, the data suggest that perceived legitimacy of the police is considerably influenced by public trust in it and perception of its transparency. However, these seem to be still relatively low in the Czech Republic., Eva Moravcová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The number of children in shared custody has been growing slowly in the CR. Today shared custody presents about 8 % of divorce cases with dependent children decided by courts. Despite this trend, there is a lack of research on how shared custody is practiced and experienced by Czech parents. The aim of this paper is to partially fill this gap. In the paper I ask how shared custody is related to the disruption of traditional gender ideology and performance of paternal and maternal roles and gender inequalities between partners. The analysis is based on 13 in-depth interviews with couples (mothers and fathers separately) who have shared custody. The analysis indicated that even if shared custody may be considered to be a tool for disrupting gender stereotypes and gender inequality between parents, it proved to be associated both with the confirmation and disruption of gender stereotypes associated with fatherhood and motherhood. While certain aspects of the practices and culture of shared custody are associated with “undoing gender”(especially regarding fatherhood), in other aspects it enhances and reproduces the gender power inequality between ex-partners and traditional expectations associated with parental roles., Marta Vohlídalová., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
Alternativa je ve zdravé společnosti všudypřítomná a je zárukou diverzity, jež je obdobně jako v ekosystémech zárukou rozvoje a trvalé udržitelnos ti celku. Teprve modernizace zplodila masovou kulturu a masovou medicínu. Zatímco v mnoha společenských oblastech došlo od konce 60. let minulého století k legitimizaci alter nativních přístupů (umění, hudba, ekologie, zemědělství, energetika, pedagogika, peněžnictví), v medicíně je diskuze o alternativách odlišná a tendence k monopolizaci vědecké biomedicíny jako jediné správné medicíny extrémní. To je vysvětleno civilizačním procesem medicinalizace živ ota a existencí nesmírně složitého a sofistikovaného medicínsko-průmyslového komplexu, k terý obtížně dešifrovatelným způsobem propojuje rozmanité zájmy a potřeby lékařského škol ství, klinické praxe na jedné straně, masmedií a producentů léků, léčiv a zdravotnických technologií a pomůcek na straně druhé. Diskuze o alternativě v medicíně přesto probíhá a s ílí. Psychosomatický přístup je jednou z mnoha rozumných alternativ, nikoliv však jedinou. Dilema nestojí mezi medicínou, jež ignoruje mysl člověka a tou, jež jí přikládá někdy až příliš velký význam tváří v tvář genetickým faktorům či zátěži životního prostředí. Dalšími výz namnými alternativami je sociálně ekologický model zdraví a zdravotnictví, spočívajíc í na zdravých životních podmínkách a vztazích či komplexní alternativní léčebné systémy, jež jdou svým kosmologickým a spirituálním pojetím nad rámec psychosomatického. Psychické prož ívání je jen jednou z mnoha opomíjených determinant zdraví a jakákoli absolutizace či zjedn odušování vztahů mezi myslí a tělesnou úrovní by mohla být kontraproduktivní. Bylo by chyb né se domnívat, že zázračné řešení se nalézá v psychosomatice a že volba je buď- anebo. T rvale udržitelná medicína musí být pluralitní a integrativní, a jako taková bude bez d iskriminace, devalvování a nadřazování využívat všechny rozumné způsoby pomoci nemocným a to z důvodů etických, ekologických i ekonomických., Plurality is the fundament of healthy societies and diversity can be viewed as a symptom of growth and sustainability similarly to ecosystems. Only the modern civilization resulted in mass culture and mass medicine which is incorporated in a complex health care system. While in many areas of society a discourse on alternative so lutions became increasingly legitimate since the late 60s of the last century (alternative art, music, ecology, agriculture, energy, education, finance), the discussion on alternative solutions i n medicine and health care is much less visible and the overall monopolization of health care by th e scientific biomedicine prevails. This is explained by medicalization of life and by the impa ct of a highly complex and sophisticated medico- industrial complex, which merges the intere sts and needs of medicine (medical education, clinical practice and research) on one h and, with the interests of drug and technology producers, on the other. Though, the discussion on alternative approaches to health and disease exists and grows further. Psychosomatic approach is one of reasonable alternatives, but not the only one. The dilemma is not between medicine that ignores the human mind and that which integrates mind and body. Other possible approaches to health and disease are represented by e.g. social ecological model of health and health c are, which is based on healthy living conditions, fair opportunities and relationships or alternative healing systems which go beyond the psychosomatic perspective. Psychological domain is one of many neglected determinants of health. Psychosomatic medicine and psychosomatic ap proach per se cannot save the biomedicine. Sustainable medicine must be pluralist ic, integrative and not-discriminating in using all reasonable means to help the sick. There are sound ethical, environmental and economic proofs in the background., Křížová E., and Literatura