Depletion of exploited mineral ore resources and their constant price increase have contributed to active interest in recognition and exploitation of new workable deposits. Exploration work which has been carried out in the vicinity of non-exploited ore areas such as Klucze, Zawiercie and Laski results in confirmation of Zn-Pb commercial deposits. In this region Zn-Pb ores occur in the Devonian and Triassic carbonate formation at a depth of 70 - 80 metres under the surface. Geological recognition is based on the analysis of data taken from bore-holes. To determine the mode of the ores occurrence and service conditions, it is necessity to work out a spatial image of overburden structure. For this reason resistivity measurements with highly distributed LUND Imaging System were introduced in the area of Zawiercie I. The studies were carried out according to three measuring protocols: Schlumberger, Wenner and dipole-dipole. The measurements were performed along three parallel six-hundred-metre profiles. The resistivity cross sections were elaborated using Res2D software. The results of the geophysical research were correlated with the data taken from bore-holes in order to testing the efficiency of applied geoelectrical methods. The study showed a significant diversification of geoelectric characteristics of the rockmass and thus it allowed to recognise accurately the overburden structure of the deposit and to locate precisely zones of faulting. In future, the applied geoelectrical methods are certainly to be used for localization ore bodies at a considarable depth range., Krzysztof Jochymczyk, Jerzy Cabala and Artur Poreba., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The rock units of the NW Himalayan region are fragile, heavily fractured and highly deformed due to active tectonics and complex geological setup. Fast urbanization, road constructions along hill slopes and other infrastructural development activities also increased the slopes instability problems. The present study emphasizes the application of rock mass classification to estimate the rock mass properties along the Yadgar section Muzaffarabad, NW Himalayas, Pakistan. For this purpose, Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) were used to characterize and classify the rock masses. In the present study, twenty-five sites have been investigated to evaluate rock properties along the Muzaffarabad-Neelum road, Sub-Himalayas, Pakistan. Result of the study shows that the Abbottabad Formation of Cambrian age is vulnerable in the Yadgar section with extremely poor RQD (Rock Quality Designation), lowest UCS (Unconfined Compression Strength) values and closely spaced discontinuities. and RMR values of the Abbottabad Formation ranges from 40-54 and classified as Poor to Fair having low GSI (20±3-35±3), blocky, disintegrated structure. The Paleocene Hangu Formation has lowest GSI (28±3-29±3; Blocky, Disturbed/ Seamy in nature) having RMR (40-45) and Eocene Kuldana Formation has GSI (30±3-45±3; Blocky) having RMR (34-67), are categorized as heavily broken, disintegrated and poorly interlocked rock masses. RMR values of rock units of the Paleocene Lockhart Formation (52-60), the Miocene Murree Formation (38-63), and the Eocene Margala Hill Limestone (38-61) are relatively higher values having GSI values ranges from (35±3-45±3; 35±3-50±3; 30±3-40±3) res)ectively. RMR and GSI values in Yadgar section, ranges between 34-67 and 20±3-50±3 respectively. Analysis shows positive correlation between GSI and RMR values. This approach to evaluate the rock mass classification through RMR and GSI will give the better estimation of rock mass properties along Muzaffarabad-Neelum road to identify the vulnerable slopes and design effective geotechnical measures.
Secondary deformations are ground movements occurring in areas of ceased underground mining. These are associated with delayed readjustment of rock mass resulting in subsidence, discontinuous deformations (sinks, cracks, etc.) due to destruction of underground, usually shallow, workings, and elevation of ground surface in response of rock mass to rising groundwater levels following the end of mine water drainage. Comparative analysis of secondary deformations in two former mining areas in the first period after cessation of underground hard coal mining is the subject of this study. We used ERS-1/2 and Envisat satellite radar interferometry data processed with PSInSAR technique and GIS to map vertical (in satellite’s line of sight, LOS) movements of the surface and analyse them in relation to location of coal fields and underground water table rise. In the study, two areas have been compared, the Ostrava city in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin and the Wałbrzych Coal Basin in Poland. The results of analyses based on the results of PSInSAR processing between 1995 and 2000 for the Wałbrzych site indicate uplift (up to +12 mm/year) in closed parts of coal fields and subsidence (up to -8 mm/year) in areas of declining mining. Results of PSInSAR analysis over the Ostrava site indicate decaying subsidence after mine closures in the rate of up to -6 mm/year during 1995-2000. Residual subsidence and gentle uplift have been partly identified at surroundings of closed mines in Ostrava from 2003-2010 Envisat data. In Wałbrzych gentle elevation has been determined from 2002 to 2009 in areas previously subsiding. and Blachowski Jan, Jiránková Eva, Lazecký Milan, Kadlečík Pavel, Milczarek Wojciech.
This research evaluates the potential benefits of the tightly combined processing of a global navigation satellite system together with the additional ranging observations from a satellite based augmentation system. In specific, the experiment presents performance of precise instantaneous single-frequency positioning based on European Galileo and EGNOS navigation systems. Due to currently low number of Galileo satellites, the test observational data were obtained with hardware GNSS signal simulator. All calculations were performed with in-house developed software - GINPOS. The results show that it is possible to obtain improvement in the accuracy and reliability of single-frequency precise positioning when including observations from SBAS systems. However, one must take in to account that at middle latitudes EGNOS satellites are observed at low elevations what results in higher atmospheric errors affecting its signals., Jacek Paziewski, Paweł Wielgosz and Marta Krukowksa., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Oil derivatives contamination of soils effects in changes of many physical properties of soil su ch as: electrical resistivity, conductivity and self potential (SP) as well. Thus the measurable a nomalies of these properties are possible to detect with geoelectrical measurements. SP geoelectrical measurements were carried out in the area of controlled oil spill. The oil was spilled into vadose zone of dry sands. The first underground water level was observed at the depth of 10 m. The measurements were carried out along 20 m long profile situated above 3 m long contaminated zone. The part of contaminated zone (1.5 m) had been subjected to bioremediation process with yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica since 4 months. In the border of contaminated zone and biodegradate done chemical gradient was developed and significant in crease of self potentials values can be observed. The measurements were carried out with potential gradient method. L und Imaging System equipment and non-polarizable electrodes (Cu/CuSO 4 ) were applied. Above contaminated and biodegraded zone distinct SP anomaly (10-20 mV) was measured. The anomaly correlates with results of EM, resistivity imaging and induced polarization investigations., Bogdan Żogała, Maciej J. Mendecki, Wacław M. Zuberek and Małgorzata Robak., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Operation of railway vehicles at higher speeds is conditioned by assurance of a stable run of the vehicle in straight track with a high level of geometric parameters. This property is usually reached by retrofitting of a joint between the vehicle body and the bogies with an efficient damping with suitable characteristics. As the relative motion between the vehicle body and the bogies in the straight track shows low amplitudes and high velocities, special longitudinal dampers - so-called yaw dampers - are used for these purposes. The aim of this paper is a theoretical analysis of influence of yaw dampers characteristics on the stability limit of a locomotive performed by means of sensitivity analysis. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The paper presents the results of research related to the application of GNSS solutions in short observational periods in geodynamical investigations. Authors used the 3-hour solution appointed from hour-long interval of about 30 chosen stations on mountainous terrains from over 100 which were worked out. The main aim was to check the correctness of such solutions by the comparison with the daily ones. Some outliers in East component could testify, that tropospheric or ionospheric models used in the data adjustment are not sufficient for so short-time solutions. The second principal problem, which was considered in the present work is the ability to detect diurnal and sub-diurnal oscillations in changes of permanent stations’ coordinates. Results show unambiguously, that such oscillations appear in all analysed stations. In the paper there are examples of stations with dominant oscillations in different frequencies. The clear homogeneous in the frequencies was not found among any group of stations. It is therefore difficult to affirm, if their origin comes purely from the geodynamical phenomena., Andrzej Araszkiewicz, Janusz Bogusz, Mariusz Figurski and Karolina Szafranek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In this work we report on the implementation of methods for data processing signals from microelectrode arrays (MEA) and the application of these methods for signals originated from two types of MEAs to detect putative neurons and sort them into subpopulations. We recorded electrical signals from firing neurons using titanium nitride (TiN) and boron doped diamond (BDD) MEAs. In previous research, we have shown that these methods have the capacity to detect neurons using commerciallyavailable TiN-MEAs. We have managed to cultivate and record hippocampal neurons for the first time using a newly developed custom-made multichannel BDD-MEA with 20 recording sites. We have analysed the signals with the algorithms developed and employed them to inspect firing bursts and enable spike sorting. We did not observe any significant difference between BDD- and TiN-MEAs over the parameters, which estimated spike shape variability per each detected neuron. This result supports the hypothesis that we have detected real neurons, rather than noise, in the BDD-MEA signal. BDD materials with suitable mechanical, electrical and biocompatibility properties have a large potential in novel therapies for treatments of neural pathologies, such as deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease.
This study deals with the application of the previously developed immobilized and perfused isolated hepatocytes as a cellular system for the study of representative phase 1 and phase II of biotransformation reactions. To illustrate phase I reactions, aminopyrine (0.17-4.25 mmol/1) and hexobarbital (0.2 mmol/1) were selected. For phase II reactions, glutathione transferase activity was evaluated by using l-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as a substrate (0.125-2.0 mmol/1). Formaldehyde, that was formed from aminopyrine, increased steadily in the perfusion medium with time. The perfused hepatocytes eliminated hexobarbital at a much higher rate than the hepatocytes in suspension. At several time points the amount of CDNB-glutathione conjugate formed per one million hepatocytes in the bioreactor was almost twice the amount formed by the hepatocytes in suspension. The present data illustrate the successful application of the hepatocyte bioreactor in phase I and phase II of xenobiotic metabolism and indicate that the cells were metabolically more active than the cells in suspension.
It has been shown that, in addition to conventional contact electrode techniques, optical methods using fluorescent dyes can be successfully used for cardiac signal measurement. In this review, the physical and technical fundamentals of the method are described, as well as the properties of the most common systems for measuring action potentials and intracellular calcium concentration. Special attention is paid to summarizing limitations and trends in developing this method., M. Ronzhina, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury