The advertisement calls of Nathusius’ pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii) show an unified structure: three main motifs which can be supplemented with additional two motifs especially during mating season. In May and June, a continuous social vocalization of quite unusual structure and composition was recorded apart from these standard calls. Most of these calls were designed in a long “wavy line” pattern with the peak frequency of 14–36 kHz, and were accompanied by standard or modified echolocation calls. In one case we succeeded to supplement the acoustic records with a complete record of behavioural details: two bats slowly flew and followed one another in a circular path in front of the roost, where they repeatedly performed false landings, and during approaching one of them emitted the unusual social calls. This behaviour lasted for about 40% of the whole-night activity. The possible meaning is discussed.
The Czech ''Silesian identity'', obvious throughout the twentieth century, was based on a mixture of strong regional, even local, patriotism, which was determined by historical developments. This patriotism developed on the ethnically mixed territory of Czech Silesia (formerly Austrian Silesia). After the Second World War, this phenomenon was quickly revived, but unlike in the pre-war period, it took a clearly Czech national form. The territorial factor, by contrast, receded into the background. Behind this activity and new interpretation stood intellectual circles and institutions in Opava, some leading fi gures from Ostrava, and the Silesian Cultural Institute in Prague. In addition to cultural-educational activity, their efforts were concentratedon claiming some border areas of Polish and German Silesia as being historically Czech, and also on ensuring the distinctive administrative status of the territory of Silesia in Czechoslovakia, the seed of which they saw in the Ostrava branch of the Moravian National Committee (Zemský národní výbor) in Brno. During the Communist regime, according to the authors, the top state authorities showed an intentional lack of interest in the problems of Silesia when solving related economic and other questions. A consequence of this was a ''silencing of the offi cial sources'' about Silesia. In the 1950s, the ''Silesian-ness'' was condemned as a form of ''bourgeois nationalism'' and was identifi ed with the period of Czech-Polish national friction in the region. From the administrative point of view, Silesia was dissolved in the Ostrava area, later in the North Moravian Region, and was recalled practically only by artistic expressions of an ''Old Silesian-ness'', such as folklore and museum exhibitions. Silesian organizations and societies were, with few exceptions, dissolved or renamed and the newly established Silesian Research Institute in Opava had to orient its historical research chiefl y to the labour movement. The works of the poet Petr Bezruč (born Vladimír Vašek, 1867-1958) and his collection of verses, Slezské písně (Silesian Songs), presented a problem because of their questionable depiction of Silesian identity, and the publication of the complete collection led to disputes in cultural policy. The Ostrava-based arts and politics periodical Červený květ (Red Flower), which repeatedly included debates about regionalism, began to be published in the mid-1950s. At the end of the decade, however, the Communist Party launched a campaign against parochialism (lokálpatriotismus), which was refl ected also in the condemnation of publications seeking to exonerate the poems and ideas of Óndra Łysohorsky (born Ervín Goj, 1905-1989), who during the war promoted the theory of a ''Lach nation.'' In the 1960s, the local authorities and fi gures of Opava again began to emphasize the role of their town as a regional centre. During the Prague Spring of 1968, there were calls for the restoration of Silesian self-government, but that remained more or less limited to the Opava region, and consequently some ''Silesian'' cultural initiatives from this period were of greater importance.
M2 macrophages expressing CD163 are known to suppress immune responses but have been also found in biopsies of patients with chronic kidney allograft injury associated with interstitial fibrosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of CD163 in blood monocytes, precursors of tissue macrophages, in kidney allograft recipients with uncomplicated outcome (n=94) compared with those developing acute rejection (n=44). Blood samples were collected before the transplantation and at 1 week, 1 month and 1 year. The expression of CD163 increased during the first week after the transplantation not only in classical (CD14+CD16- ) but also in intermediate (CD14+CD16+) and nonclassical (CD14lowCD16+) monocytes in all patients regardless of their rejection status. In patients developing acute rejection, higher pre-transplant expression of CD163 on blood monocytes was found. In vitro experiments confirmed strong induction of membrane CD163 on monocytes together with CD206 (an alternative marker of M2 macrophages) in response to IL-10. We assume from our data that dramatic upregulation of CD163 by peripheral blood monocytes may have a pathophysiological role in early phases after kidney allograft transplantation and high pre-transplant expression of CD163 on blood monocytes might be involved in events leading to acute rejection., Lenka Čurnová, Kristýna Mezerová, Veronika Švachová, Martina Fialová, Marek Novotný, Eva Čečrdlová, Ondřej Viklický, Ilja Stříž., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The structure, expression and function of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor were intensively studied since the cloning in 1997 and TRPV1 receptors are now considered to act as transducers and molecular integrators of nociceptive stimuli in the periphery. In contrast, spinal TRPV1 receptors were studied less extensively and their role in pain modulation is still not fully understood. This short review is a follow up on our previous summary in this area ( Spicarova and Palecek 2008). The aim was to review preferentially the most recent findings concerning the role of the spinal TRPV1 receptors, published within the last five years. The update is given on the expression and function of the spinal TRPV1 receptors, their activation by endogenous agonists, interaction between the endocannabinoid and endovanillod system and possible role of the spinal TRPV1 receptors in pathological pain states. There is now mounting evidence that TRPV1 receptors may be an important element in modulation of nociceptive information at the spinal cord level and represent an interesting target for analgesic therapy., D. Spicarova, V. Nerandzic, J. Palecek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Physical exercise instruction sheets are difficult to understand. In general, considerable information is hidden in these types of instruction sheets, which also makes them difficult for machines to understand. Major missing information types include the source and destination location of a human movement. Here we present a Bayesian network to extract the implicit or missing information from typical exercise instruction sheets. We proposed two different kind of Bayesian networks which consists of three and four variables respectively. The network with three variable are designed to for single exercise instruction with single action or pose and the other one designed for single or multiple sentence with two actions or poses. The conditional probability table (CPT) is the backbone of the Bayesian network. At the start, the CPT is updated from our physical exercise instruction sheet corpus (PEISC). Keeping the Action and Bodypart fixed, we have developed our CPT using a unique approach, i.e., crowdsourcing, where we have developed a CPT update system using 13 different exercises consisting of 44 different exercise videos. Using this system based on the rating of a participant of the video the specific variable of that CPT is updated automatically in the Bayesian network. We also updated the Action variable, which consists of 14 different values (action verbs) using crowdsourcing with a human computation approach.
The main aim of the present investigation was to verify the effects of three overtraining (OT) protocols performed in downhill (OTR/down), uphill (OTR/up) and without inclination (OTR) on the protein levels of Akt (Ser473), AMPKα (Thr172), PGC-1α, plasma membrane GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 as well as on the glycogen contents in mice gastrocnemius. A trained (TR) protocol was used as positive control. Rodents were divided into naïve (N, sedentary mice), control (CT, sedentary mice submitted to the performance evaluations), TR, OTR/down, OTR/up and OTR groups. At the end of the experimental protocols, gastrocnemius samples were removed and used for immunoblotting analysis as well as for glycogen measurements. There was no significant difference between the experimental groups for the protein levels of pAkt (Ser473), pAMPKα (Thr172), PGC-1α, plasma membrane GLUT-1 and GLUT-4. However, the OTR/up protocol exhibited higher contents of glycogen compared to the CT and TR groups. In summary, the OTR/up group increased the gastrocnemius glycogen content without significant changes of pAkt (Ser473), pAMPKα (Thr172), PGC-1α, plasma membrane GLUT-1 and GLUT-4., G. P. Morais, A. Da Rocha, A. P. Pinto, L. Da C. Oliveira, L. G. De Vicente, G. N. Ferreira, E. C. De Freitas, A. S. R. Da Silva., and Seznam literatury
Regenerace kloubní chrupavky je v ortopedii velkým problémem. Regenerační proces v chrupavčité tkáni je výrazně podpořen chondrocyty a zřejmě i mezenchymálními kmenovými buňkami (MSC), a proto byla a je v posledních letech této problematice věnována velká pozornost. V České republice dochází k nárůstu výkonů, při nichž jsou pro terapii osteoartritidy používány MSC získané z tukové tkáně (a-MSC). V této indikaci považuje Česká ortopedická společnost tento postup za „non lege artis“. Přinášíme přehled dosud provedených klinických studií, jejichž úroveň neumožňuje podpořit rutinní léčbu osteoartritidy pomocí a-MSC., Regeneration of articular cartilage remains a major challenge in orthopaedics. Cell-based therapies (with chondrocyte and MSCs – mesenchymal stem cells) to augment cartilage repair have received considerable interest during recent years. Adipose MSCs have been used in the Czech Republic for osteoarthritis therapy, despite not being recommended by the Czech Orthopaedic Association. This lecture reviews the studies and their level of evidence for orthopaedic routine therapy of osteoarthritis., and Pavel Žák
Komunitní zdravotní péče, zvláště ve vztahu k ošetřovatelským službám, je klíčem ke zlepšení zdraví a tělesné i duševní pohody všech lidí. Cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit, jaké jsou představy odborné a laické veřejnosti o možnostech působení sester v komunitní péči a podrobněji analyzovat jednotlivé oblasti této péče z hlediska uplatnění sester v nich. V rámci výzkumu byly předmětem zkoumání tři cílové skupiny – lékaři ČR, sestry ČR a občané ČR. Do výběrového souboru bylo zařazeno 1007 lékařů, 1005 všeobecných sester a 2022 občanů. Tito respondenti byli vybráni náhodným výběrem pomoci kvót. Následující článek je věnován interpretaci výsledků výzkumu všech cílových skupin – lékařů, sester i občanů z hlediska jejich názorů, týkajících se předpokladů a překážek, které vidí v začlenění sester do komunitní péči v České republice. Odborná i laická veřejnost vidí možnosti uplatnění sestry v komunitní péči v různých oblastech. Péče o seniory je nejvíce preferovanou oblastí ve všech skupinách. Nejdůležitějším předpokladem pro samostatnou práci sestry v komunitní péči je její předchozí klinická praxe, odpovídající zaměření komunitní péče. Hlavní překážky, které brání realizaci samostatné péče komunitních sester uvádí shodně odborná i laická veřejnost: nejasnost financování, finanční zátěž, obtížná spolupráce se zdravotními pojišťovnami, otázky legislativy – uzákonění a ustanovení kompetencí sester v ČR. Lékaři i sestry se shodují v tom, že činnost komunitních sester by měl financovat především stát, menší část respondentů si myslí, že financovat činnost těchto pracovníků by měla organizace, ve které pracují a třetím nejrozšířenějším názorem je financování krajem. Lékaři České republiky mají převážně zájem o případnou spolupráci se sestrami, působícími v oblasti komunitní péče a tuto spolupráci by přivítali. Ze strany sester však v současném období převládá v České republice nezájem o případnou práci v oblasti komunitního ošetřovatelství, který lze vysvětlit především nejasným financováním v této oblasti., The goal of the study was to ascertain the ideas of professional and lay public on the possibilities of work of nurses in community care and to analyze in more detail the individual areas of such care from the perspective of use of work of nurses in them. Three target groups consisted of 1007 physicians, 1005 general nurses and 2022 citizens. The respondents were selected by random selection with the help of quotas. Both professional and lay public sees the opportunities of use of work of the nurse in community care in different areas. Care for seniors is the mostly preferred area in all groups. The most important precondition for independent nurse’s work in community care is her preceding clinical practice corresponding to the focus of the community care. The main obstacles to implementation of independent care of community nurses are stated coincidently by professional and lay public: unclear funding, financial burden, difficult cooperation with health insurance funds, legislation questions – codification and establishment of nurse competences in the Czech Republic. Both the physicians and the nurses agree that the activity of community nurses should be funded mainly by the state; smaller part of respondents thinks that the activity of such workers should be funded by the organizations they work for, and the third most widespread opinion is funding by the region., Valérie Tóthová, Sylva Bártlová, Eva Prošková, and Lit.: 18
Polarografická metoda umožňuje studium řady fyzikálněchemických problémů. Jsou uvedeny příklady z oblasti výzkumu struktury fázového rozhraní elektroda/roztok, adsorpce na povrchu elektrody, elektrochemického fotoefektu, fázových přechodů povrchových filmů, přenosu elektronu na molekulární vzdálenosti a oscilačních elektrochemických systémů., Polarography is a suitable method for solving numerous problems of physical chemistry. Examples from the following fields are given: structure of electrode/solution interfaces, adsorption on electrode surface, electrochemical photo-effect, phase transition of surface films, electron transfer over molecular distances, and electrochemical oscillating systems., Lubomír Pospíšil., and Obsahuje bibliografii