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28722. Václav Moucha: Hortfunde der frühen Bronzezeit in Böhmen
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- 80-86124-57-6
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
28723. Václav Vlasák fête ses 70 ans
- Creator:
- Tláskal
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28724. Václav Vlasák: Dictionnaire français-tchèque (version électronique et sonorisée)
- Creator:
- Tláskal, Jaromír
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28725. Vagal-immune interactions involved in cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway
- Creator:
- Ivan Žila, Daniela Mokrá, Kopincova, J., Kolomaznik, M., Michal Javorka, and Andrea Čalkovská
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, autonomní nervový systém, cytokiny, autonomic nervous system, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxemia, vagus nerve, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, inflammatory reflex, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Inflammation and other immune responses are involved in the variety of diseases and disorders. The acute response to endotoxemia includes activation of innate immune mechanisms as well as changes in autonomic nervous activity. The autonomic nervous system and the inflammatory response are intimately linked and sympathetic and vagal nerves are thought to have anti-inflammation functions. The basic functional circuit between vagus nerve a nd inflammatory response was identified and the neuroimmunomodulation loop was called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Unique function of vagus nerve in the anti-inflammatory reflex arc was found in many experimental and pre-clinical studies. They br ought evidence on the cholinergic signaling interacting with systemic and local inflammation, particularly suppressing immune cells function. Pharmacological/electrical modulation of vagal activity suppressed TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines prod uction and had beneficial therapeutic effects. Many questions related to mapping, linking and targeting of vagal-immune interactions have been elucidated and brought understanding of its basic physiology and provided the initial support for development of Tracey's inflammatory reflex. This review summarizes and critically assesses the current knowledge defining cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with main focus on studies employing an experimental approach and emphasizes the potential of modulation of va gally-mediated anti-inflammatory pathway in the treatment strategies., I. Zila, D. Mokra, J. Kopincova, M. Kolomaznik, M. Javorka, A. Calkovska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
28726. Vagotomy decreases the neuronal activities of medulla oblongata and alleviates neurogenic inflammation of airways induced by repeated intra-esophageal instillation of HCl in guinea pigs
- Creator:
- Chen, Zhe, Chen, Hui, Chen, Fagui, Gu, Dachuan, Sun, Lejia, Zhang, Weitao, Fan, Linfeng, Lin, Yong, Dong, Rong, and Kefang, Lai
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- gastroesophageal reflux, airway inflammation, Substance P, C-fos, and vagotomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Neuronal activity in the medulla oblongata and neurogenic inflammation of airways were investigated in a guinea pig model induced by repeated intra-esophageal instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) after vagotomy. Unilateral vagotomy was performed in the vagotomy group, while a sham-operation was performed in the sham group. Operation was not conducted in sham control group. Airway inflammation was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. C-fos protein was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB). Substance P was examined by IHC and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Airway microvascular permeability was detected by evans blue dye (EBD) fluorescence. Inflammation of airway was observed in the trachea and bronchi after chronic HCl perfusion into the lower esophagus, and was alleviated after unilateral vagotomy. C-fos expression in the medulla oblongata was lower in the vagotomy group compared to the sham control and sham groups. Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-li), concentration and microvascular leakage in airway were lower in the vagotomy group than that in the other groups. Our results suggest that vagotomy improved neurogenic inflammation of airways and decreased neuronal activities, the afferent nerves and neurons in medulla oblongata may be involved in neurogenic inflammation of airways mediated by esophageal-bronchial reflex.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
28727. Vagus nerve stimulation suppresses generalized seizure activity and seizure-triggered postictal cardiac rhythm changes in rats
- Creator:
- Sahin, D., Ilbay, G., Imal, M., Bozdogan, O., and Ates, N.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- ECG, EEG, Epilepsy, Rat, and Vagus nerve stimulation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In the present study, we investigated the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), a proposed treatment for patients with intractable epilepsy, on cardiac rhythm following seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in Wistar rats. After a baselinerecording of electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP), rats in the first group received a single convulsive dose of PTZ (70 mg/kg) (Group 1). In the other two groups, the Wistar rats were implanted with a cuff electrode on the left cervical vagus nerve. One day after surgery, rats in the second group were treated with VNS (Group 2), whereas rats in the third group were connected to the stimulator but did not receive VNS (Group 3). Ten minutes after VNS onset, 70 mg/kg dose of PTZ was injected. EEG, ECG and BP were continuously recorded during post-injection period. Seizure severity was scored behaviorally. Then, baseline, ictal and postictal periods were analyzed for cardiac rhythms, seizure severity and blood pressure variability. PTZ treatment induced tonic-clonic seizure activity in all animals of Group 1 and Group 3. In these groups a marked increase of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) but a significant decrease in heart rate and PP interval fluctuations was observed at postictal period. However, in the VNS-treated group the seizure scores and cardiac parameter returned to the baseline level. Present results emphasize that VNS effectively reduces seizure severity and suppress the seizure-induced cardiac rhythm changes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28728. Valerio Báez San José, Josef Dubský, Jana Králová: Moderní gramatika španělštiny
- Creator:
- Ježková, Slavomíra
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28729. Valid name for the Balkan lynx: Lynx lynx martinoi Mirić, 1978, is a junior synonym of Lyx lyx balcanicus Bureš, 1941
- Creator:
- Kryštufek, Boris
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Balkan endemism, principle of priority, subspecies, type locality, and zoological nomenclature
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Two available subspecific names are used interchangeably for the Balkan lynx. In this contribution I demonstrate that the valid name is Lynx lynx balcanicus Bureš, 1941, and L. l. martinoi Mirić, 1978, is its junior synonym. The type locality of L. l. balcanicus is the Šara Mts. in the Republic of Macedonia. In reaching this conclusion, I refrain from infringing upon taxonomic judgment on whether or not the Balkan lynx is a subspecies in its own right. While addressing the Balkan lynx over the last decade, conservationists have largely ignored the older synonym balcanicus and used instead a junior synonym martinoi.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28730. Validace české verze komplexního protokolu kvantitativního testování senzitivity
- Creator:
- Šrotová, I., Vlčková, Eva, Straková, J., Kinclová, S., Adamová, Blanka, Dušek, Ladislav, Jarkovský, Jiří, and Bednařík, Josef
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, validační studie, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, diagnostické techniky neurologické, neuralgie--diagnóza--patofyziologie, roztroušená skleróza--patofyziologie, diabetické neuropatie--patofyziologie, reprodukovatelnost výsledků, senzitivita a specificita, prediktivní hodnota testů, ROC křivka, analýza shluková, poruchy senzitivity--diagnóza, senzorické prahy--fyziologie, horní končetina, dolní končetina, práh bolesti, vnímání teploty, vibrace, fyzikální stimulace, reakční čas, diferenční práh, and kvantitativní testování senzitivity
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Úvod: Komplexní protokol kvantitativního testování senzitivity (QST), zahrnující hodnocení široké škály modalit termické, algické, taktilní a vibrační cítivosti, je často využívaným nástrojem pro kvantifikaci senzitivity a hodnocení tzv. senzitivního profilu, zejména u pacientů s neuropatickou bolestí. Protokol obsahuje složité slovní instrukce, které je pro dosažení standardizovaného výstupu nutné přesně následovat, což implikuje nutnost validace jeho jazykových mutací. Soubor a metodika: Pomocí české verze standardizovaných slovních instrukcí ke komplexnímu QST protokolu bylo vyšetřeno 75 zdravých dobrovolníků, 68 pacientů s periferní neuropatickou bolestí při diabetické neuropatii a 59 jedinců s centrální neuropatickou bolestí při roztroušené skleróze, a to vždy na HKK i DKK. Pro hodnocení spolehlivosti bylo u 26 jedinců testování provedeno opakovaně (4×) s přibližně 30denními rozestupy mezi jednotlivými vyšetřeními. Výsledky: Vyšetření pomocí české verze komplexního QST protokolu bylo pro pacienty nenáročné či málo náročné. V souboru zdravých dobrovolníků spadalo 94 % zjištěných hodnot jednotlivých senzitivních parametrů na HKK a 95 % na DKK do rozsahu fyziologických nálezů podle publikovaných normativních dat. Alespoň jedna abnormita z hodnocených senzitivních modalit byla zachycena u 90 % pacientů s neuropatickou bolestí. Shluková analýza umožnila identifikaci dvou symptomových profilů, z nichž jeden většinově odpovídal bolestivé diabetické neuropatii a druhý centrální bolesti při roztroušené skleróze. Reliabilita jednotlivých modalit hodnocená pomocí Cronbachova alfa se pohybovala v rozmezí 0,593–0,926. Závěr: Česká jazyková verze komplexního QST protokolu prokázala velmi dobrou praktickou použitelnost pro hodnocení širokého spektra senzitivních abnormit a nízkou subjektivní náročnost vyšetření. Jedná se o spolehlivý test s vysokou vnitřní konzistencí a dobrou opakovatelností všech hodnocených parametrů., Background: Quantitative sensory testing (QST) following the protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS) is frequently used for the evaluation of sensory profi les in neuropathic pain patients. It covers a broad spectrum of sensory modalities using both nociceptive and non-nociceptive thermal and mechanical stimuli. The protocol requires the use of standardized instructions and thus necessitates validation of each language version. Material and methods: The standardized instructions for DFNS-QST protocol were translated using the forward-backward translation method and validated in a group of patients suffering from neuropathic pain of peripheral (n = 68) or central origin (n = 59) due to painful diabetic polyneuropathy or multiple sclerosis, and in a group of healthy volunteers (n = 75). The testing was repeated four times (with one-month interval between examinations) in 26 individuals to determine test-retest reliability. Results: In a group of healthy volunteers, 95% of values across all the parameters were within the physiological range based on published normal data. At least one sensory abnormity was found in 90% of neuropathic pain patients. Cluster analysis identified two distinctive pain profiles, the first mostly consisted of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy and the second of patients with pain in multiple sclerosis. Repeated administration confirmed an acceptable test-retest reliability (Cronbach´s alpha of 0.59–0.93 for the different sensory modalities). Conclusion: The Czech version of DFNS-QST protocol instructions displayed a good practical applicability in evaluating sensory abnormities in neuropathic pain patients, acceptable reliability and high internal consistency of the findings. The protocol provides results comparable to the original language version and can be recommended as an easy-to-apply and suitable testing method. Key words: neurological examination – sensory threshold – pain threshold – quantitative evaluation - neuropathic pain – diabetic neuropathy – multiple sclerosis The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and I. Šrotová, E. Vlčková, J. Straková, S. Kinclová, B. Adamová, L. Dušek, J. Jarkovský, J. Bednařík
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public