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2. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana)
- Creator:
- Sun, Binghua, Li, Jinhua, Zhu, Yong, and Xia, Dongpo
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- phylogeny, subspecies, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) are a threatened primate species endemic to China. The current taxonomy of the species is based on external morphological and anatomical variations. To further understand the intraspecific variation and relationships among populations, we analyzed 44 mitochondrial DNA control region sequences (475 bp fragment) from individuals across the species range. Results revealed 11 major haplotypes with a high nucleotide diversity (0.792), but nucleotide diversity within haplotype lineages was only 0.042. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses indicated support for four distinct haplotype clades corresponding to regional groups consistent with the recognized subspecies M .t. thibetana, M. t. guizhonensis, M. t. huangshanensis and M. t. pullus. As a result of regional geographic variation and genetic differences, we recommend the four subspecies should be considered different management units for conservation efforts.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
3. problem of subspecies and biased taxonomy in conservation lists
- Creator:
- Gippoliti, Spartaco and Amori, Giovanni
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- biodiversity, mammals, IUCN Red List, and subspecies
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The scientific and political communities must be aware of our bias in the knowledge of the taxonomy of the various living organisms. Although the effects of species concepts on conservation have received considerable attention, usage of the subspecies category in conservation lists have received insufficient scientific scrutiny, at least for most taxonomic groups and geographic regions. Here we draw from the class Mammalia to show that discrepancies in the inclusion of subspecies in the IUCN Red List often reflect uneven taxonomic knowledge and the differential scientific and public interest raised by different kinds of mammals, which together can produce a biased picture of mammalian endangerment worldwide.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
4. Taxonomic changes in the genus Dyscia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)
- Creator:
- Trusch , Robert and Erlacher, Sven
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Dyscia, taxonomy, revision, species, subspecies, new synonyms, lectotype, and neotype
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper presents a revision of the genus Dyscia Hübner, [1825] (Lepidoptera, Geometridae: Ennominae). Examination of types and additional material for most described taxa has resulted in several new synonyms: Dyscia ilivolans Wehrli, 1953 syn. n. and Dyscia duanjiao Yang, 1978 syn. n. are new synonyms of Dyscia fagaria (Thunberg, 1784); Dyscia karsholti Wiltshire, 1991 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia galactaria Turati, 1934; Dyscia dagestana Wehrli, 1934 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia malatyana Wehrli, 1934, and Dyscia rjabovi Wardikjan, 1957 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia negrama Wehrli, 1953. One taxon, formerly treated as a species is reassigned to subspecific level, Dyscia conspersaria ssp. sultanica Wehrli, 1936 stat. rev. Dyscia innocentaria sicanaria (Oberthür, 1923) stat. n. and Dyscia malatyana senecai Wiltshire, 1990 stat. n. are downgraded to subspecies-level. On subspecies-level, Dyscia distinctaria perdistincta Herbulot, 1957 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia distinctaria (Bang-Haas, 1910), Dyscia fagaria alvarensis Wahlgren, 1913 syn. n., Dyscia fagaria albescens Lempke, 1952 syn. n., Dyscia fagaria fusca Lempke, 1952 syn. n., and Dyscia fagaria postdelineata Lempke, 1952 syn. n. are new synonyms of Dyscia fagaria. Dyscia fagaria psoricaria (Eversmann, 1848) syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia fagaria favillacearia (Hübner, [1799]), Dyscia holli duponti Thierry-Mieg, 1910 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia holli (Oberthür, 1910), Dyscia malatyana nachadira Brandt, 1941 syn. n. and Dyscia malatyana theodoraria Warnecke, 1941 syn. n. are new synonyms of Dyscia malatyana albersaria Warnecke, 1940 stat. n., and Dyscia penulataria naevata Wehrli, 1953 syn. n. is a new synonym of Dyscia penulataria (Hübner, [1819]). Lectotypes for 22 taxa and neotypes for three taxa - Geometra conspersaria [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775, Geometra favillacearia Hübner, [1799], and Geometra emucidaria Hübner, [1813] - are designated. One species is excluded from Dyscia, Thysanopyga serena (Dognin, 1906) comb. n. From a total of 72 previously described taxa, 19 are recognized as species.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Valid name for the Balkan lynx: Lynx lynx martinoi Mirić, 1978, is a junior synonym of Lyx lyx balcanicus Bureš, 1941
- Creator:
- Kryštufek, Boris
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Balkan endemism, principle of priority, subspecies, type locality, and zoological nomenclature
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Two available subspecific names are used interchangeably for the Balkan lynx. In this contribution I demonstrate that the valid name is Lynx lynx balcanicus Bureš, 1941, and L. l. martinoi Mirić, 1978, is its junior synonym. The type locality of L. l. balcanicus is the Šara Mts. in the Republic of Macedonia. In reaching this conclusion, I refrain from infringing upon taxonomic judgment on whether or not the Balkan lynx is a subspecies in its own right. While addressing the Balkan lynx over the last decade, conservationists have largely ignored the older synonym balcanicus and used instead a junior synonym martinoi.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public