We tested whether the known cytochrome c oxidase (COX) inhibition by nitric oxide (NO) could be quantified by VO 2 kinetics during constant load supra-Anaero bic Threshold (AT) exercises in healthy trained or untrained subjects following aerobic training or nitrate administration. In cycle er gometer constant load exercises supra-AT, identified in previous incremental tests, VO 2 kinetics describe a double exponential curve, one rapid and one appreciably slower, allowing the area between them to be calculate in O 2 l. After training, with increased NO availability, this area decreases in inverse ratio to treatment efficacy. In fact, in 11 healthy subjects after aerobic tr aining for 6-7 weeks, area was decreased on average by 51 %. In 11 untrained subjects, following the assumption of an NO donor, 20 mg isosorbide 5 mononitrate, area was decrea sed on average by 53 %. In conclusion, supra-AT VO 2 kinetics in constant load exercises permit the quantification of the inhibitory effect NO-dependent on COX after either physical training or nitrate assumption., D. Maione ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
We recorded and analysed the songs of ten male icterine warblers (Hippolais icterina) in České Budějovice (Czech Republic) to identify mimicry. Imitations represented 76.2 % of the total time of all songs and we detected 42 mimicked species. Barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), blackbird (Turdus merula), common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) were the most common species imitated. Principal components analysis (PCA) detected individual variability in the species mimicked. The length of recording needed to detect 95 % of species mimicked was assessed to be 8.2 minutes.
From June to August in 2004 and 2005, we conducted the studies on spontaneous vocalization development of greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, in Zhi’an Village (Jilin province, Northeast China). In contrast to adult bats, infant bats of the greater horseshoe bat emitted calls characterized by multiharmonics and variable harmonic patterns. With the physical growth of infants, the dominant frequency, pulse duration and frequency of each harmonic of spontaneous calls increased, the number of harmonics decreased from 5–8 to 1–2 and dominant harmonic switched from first to the second with peak frequency increasing. Vocalizations of infant bats of the greater horseshoe bat could be categorized to those serving as precursors of echolocation sounds and those serving as isolation calls used to attract their mothers. According to observation on mother-infant reunion, the female adult bats only suckled their own babies, but not other pups in the same colony. And the mother recognized their own infants through both odor and vocal cues indicating that the isolation calls emitted by infant bats played an important role in mother-infant communication.
Vocalizations of the plaintive cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus) and brush cuckoo (C. variolosus) were compared. Six major sound types were identified in the plaintive cuckoo, and four in the brush cuckoo. On the basis of song similarity as assessed by sonogram qualitatively and quantitatively, the grey-bellied cuckoo (C. passerinus) was considered conspecific with C. merulinus and the rusty-breasted cuckoo C. sepulcralis was considered conspecific with C. variolosus. The song similarities between C. merulinus and C. variolosus were considered homologous and derived from common ancestry.
The paper reported vocalizations of endemic Tibetan Plateau steppe sparrow, red- necked snow finch (Pyrgilauda ruficollis) by using SAS-Lab Pro. The subject similarity contrast and multivariate contrast were used to study the complexity and stability of sounds. The results indicated that songs of P. ruficollis were highly complicated with varied song types, song phrases, song syllable and combination of them. One song syllable shared by snow finches (Montifringilla nivalis henrici, M. adamsi, P. ruficollis and P. blanfordi) was selected as indicator to compare the taxonomic relationship among them. The similarity contrast and cluster analysis through SPSS were conducted to construct the similarity tree based on this shared syllable’s acoustic parameters including the highest frequency (HF), the lowest frequency (LF), the main frequency (MPF) and duration (DUR). The results revealed that the syllable similarities are accordant with taxonomic status suggested in previous studies based on morphologic, ecological and molecular analysis methods. The syllable shared by these snow finches were presumed to be homologous and derived from a common ancestry. Further studies on songs encoding phylogenetic signal of snow finches are needed.
The Muslim population´s growth rate in Southern Africa has been pretty slow, even though they have been in this part of the African continent for more than a century. With the passage of time, they adapted to the changing socio-political and economic circumstances and saw themselves as an integral part of the populations in this region. As the Muslims were gradually becoming economically mobile, they set up various structures such as mosques and welfare organizations that would serve the interest of their communities and thus achieve their communal goals. Some of them realized the role of the media as one of the most effective instruments to assist in their cause and these groups then established newpapers and radio stations in different parts of the region. In the latter part of the 20th century a fair number of the media have emerged and contributed towards the debates that have taken and are still taking place within in Southern Africa´s civil societies.
Část. anglický, slovenský a německý text and Obálkový a hřbetní název: Krajané v USA a vojenský exil pro obnovu demokracie v Československu po únoru 1948
Úvod: Projekt PROROK (Prospektivní observační projekt významu diference glykemie nalačno a postprandiální glykemie pro odhad úspěšnosti terapie diabetu 2. typu) měl charakter neintervenčního, prospektivního, multicentrického observačního projektu s délkou trvání 6 měsíců, jehož cílem byla kvantifikace významu rozdílu mezi glykemií nalačno a postprandiálně pro úspěšnost léčby agonisty pro GLP1 resp. léčby inzulinem bazálním, premixovaným, nebo kombinací bazálního a bolusového inzulinu. Lékaři vybírali léčbu pro neuspokojivě kompenzované pacienty dle vlastního uvážení, zařazeno bylo celkem 4 972 pacientů. Cíl: Cílem práce bylo zhodnocení rozdílů v základních antropometrických a biochemických parametrech mezi skupinami pacientů zařazených do projektu PROROK se zřetelem k volbě terapie ošetřujícím diabetologem. Metodika a výsledky: Pacienti léčení agonisty receptoru GLP1 byli významně mladší, trpí diabetem kratší dobu a zároveň byli obéznější a měli nejvyšší koncentraci triacylglycerolů. Pacienti, u nichž byla volena terapie bazálním inzulinem, měli nejvyšší glykemii nalačno. Pacienti, u nichž byla volena terapie premixovaným inzulinem nebo režimem bazálního a bolusového inzulinu, měli nejvyšší glykemii postprandiálně, pacienti s režimem bazálního a bolusového inzulinu měli nejvyšší vstupní glykovaný hemoglobin. Rozdíl mezi glykemií nalačno a postprandiálně byl nejmenší ve skupině, u níž byla volena terapie bazálním inzulinem a nejvyšší ve skupině vybrané k terapii premixovaným inzulinem resp. kombinací bazálního a bolusového inzulinu. Průměrné zlepšení glykovaného hemoglobinu bylo v celém souboru 1,6 %, medián výsledného glykovaného hemoglobinu byl 5,9 % resp. 5,8 % (léčení agonisty receptoru pro GLP1). Všechny rozdíly p < 0,001. Závěr: Při vědomí skutečnosti, že rozdíly nalezené v parametrech popisujících soubory jsou sice statisticky významné, ale klinicky jsou méně relevantní, považujeme za důležitou skutečnost, že výběr terapie je v konkordanci se základními poznatky o patofyziologii diabetu 2. typu a možnostmi individuálně volené cílené intervence antidiabetickou terapií. Lékaři účastnící se v projektu PROROK tedy volí většinou terapii racionálně., Introduction: The PROROK project (A prospective observation project to assess the relevance of the difference between fasting glycemia and postprandial glycemia to estimation of success of type 2 diabetes therapy) had a character of a non-interventional, prospective, multicentric observation project conducted for a period of 6 months, whose aim was to quantify the relevance of the difference between fasting and postprandial glycemia to the success of GLP1 receptor agonist treatment, or insulin therapy with basal or premixed insulin, or a combination of basal and bolus insulin. Physicians chose therapy for inadequately compensated patients at their own discretion, with 4 972 patients included. Aim: The study aimed at the assessment of the differences in basic anthropometric and biochemical parameters between the patient cohorts included in the PROROK project with regard to the therapy selected by the treating diabetologist. Methodology and results: The patients treated with GLP1 receptor agonists were quite young, they have suffered from diabetes for a shorter period of time and at the same time were more obese and had the highest concentration of triacylglycerols. The patients who underwent basal insulin therapy, had the highest fasting glycemia. The patients for whom premixed insulin therapy or basal/bolus insulin regimen were chosen, manifested the highest postprandial glycemia, those with basal/bolus insulin regimen had the highest initial glycated haemoglobin. The difference between fasting and postprandial glycemia was the smallest in the cohort for which basal insulin therapy was chosen and the greatest in the cohort chosen for the therapy with premixed insulin, or with the basal/bolus insulin combination. Average improvement in glycated haemoglobin values reached 1.6 % within the whole cohort, a median of the resulting glycated haemoglobin reached 5.9 % or 5.8 % (GLP1 receptor agonist treatment). All the differences amounted to p < 0.001. Conclusion: Bearing in mind that the differences established in the parameters describing the cohorts, although statistically relevant, are of smaller clinical relevance, we regard as an important finding that the choice of therapy is in accordance with the basic knowledge about the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and possibilities of an individually chosen targeted intervention with antidiabetic therapy. We may conclude that most of the physicians participating in the PROROK project choose their therapy in a rational manner., and Denisa Janíčková Žďarská, Pavlína Piťhová, Tomáš Pavlík, Milan Kvapil
Kvantitativní stanovení volných lehkých řetězců imunoglobulinů (FLC) v séru a jejich poměru ?/? se stává součástí souboru vyšetření při diagnostice a diferenciální diagnostice monoklonálních gamapatii. Patologický poměr ?/? v séru je projevem dysregulace syntézy imunoglobulinů a může být časným laboratorním nálezem u lymfoproliferativního onemocnění. Koncentrace volných lehkých řetězců imunoglobulinů v séru je významně závislá na funkci ledvin, zejména na glomerulární filtraci. Ve sdělení uvádíme změny koncentrací volných lehkých řetězců a poměru ?/? u nemocných se sníženou glomerulární filtrací ve vztahu k velikosti její redukce., The quantitative measurement of free light chains of immunoglobulins (FLC) in serum and their ?/? ratio have been integrated into the diagnostics of monoclonal gammopathy. The pathological ?/? ratio in serum is a sign of dysregulation of immunoglobulin synthesis and can be an early manifestation of B cell proliferative disorders. The FLC concentrations in serum are dependent significantly on the kidney function, mainly on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In our report the changes in concentration of FLCs and the ?/? ratio in patients with reduced GFR are demonstrated in dependence on the degree of GFR reduction., Granátová Jana, Bolková M., Fantová L., Hornová L., Mašková Z., Horák J., Lánská V., and Lit.: 10