Římské vojenské tažení proti Marobudovi v r. 6 po Kr. představuje nejstarší přesně datovanou historickou událost vztahující se k České kotlině. Při příležitosti dvoutisíciletého výročí této události se autor zamýšlí nad metodickými problémy bádání o starší době římské v Čechách. Na příkladech chronologie archeologických horizontů, migrace etnických jednotek, římských importů a právě římského tažení v r. 6 je v článku poukázáno na fakt, že česká archeologie tradičně upřednostňuje písemné prameny před archeologickými. Mnohé údaje, o které se badatelé opírají, však nejsou v písemných pramenech doložitelné. Často se jedná pouze o domněnky a interpretace historiků. Článek upozorňuje na metodologickou neúnosnost vytváření archeologických konstrukcí, které jsou závislé na takovýchto domněnkách. and The Roman military campaign against Maroboduus in the year 6 AD is the earliest accurately dated historical event linked to the Bohemian Basin. On the occasion of its 2000th anniversary, the author considers the methodological problems attendant upon research into the early Roman period in Bohemia. Taking examples from the chronology of archaeological horizons, the migrations of ethnic units, Roman imports and the Roman campaign of 6 AD itself, the article demonstrates the fact that Czech archaeology has traditionally prioritised written over archaeological sources. Much if the data on which researchers rely, however, cannot be proven in the written record: often, they are merely the conjectures and interpretations of historians. This article highlights the methodological unjustifiability of creating archaeological constructs that are dependent on such conjectures.
Pitfall traps are widely used in terrestrial ecology to capture ground-dwelling arthropods. In order to determine the effect of covers placed over pitfall traps on their efficiency at capturing of spiders, carabid beetles and ants, four types of pitfall trap were sunk into the ground at dry grassland sites: three pitfall traps were not covered, three were covered with white, three with green and three with black plastic covers. The total catch was 9,364 spiders, 4,352 carabid beetles and 4,157 ants. The distribution of species of spiders and carabid beetles, and the total catch of spiders, carabid beetles and ants did not differ significantly among the four types of trap. Therefore, covers do not appear to affect the capture efficiency of pitfall traps.
A formalized classification of Czech thermophilous oak forest vegetation is presented. It is based on the Cocktail algorithm, including the formulation of a set of explicit definitions of vegetation units that are used for unequivocal assignment of relevés to defined vegetation types. Eight out of 10 traditionally distinguished associations of thermophilous oak forests were formally defined: Bohemian warm and dry oak forest (Lathyro versicoloris-Quercetum pubescentis), Moravian warm and dry oak forest (Pruno mahaleb-Quercetum pubescentis), dry-mesic oak forest on basic rocky substrates (Corno-Quercetum), dry-mesic oak forest on acidic substrates (Sorbo torminalis-Quercetum), Moravian dry oak forest on acidic substrates (Genisto pilosae-Quercetum petraeae), dry-mesic oak forest on heavy soils (Potentillo albae-Quercetum), dry-mesic oak forest on sandy soils (Carici fritschii-Quercetum roboris) and dry oak forest on loess (Quercetum pubescenti-roboris). The specific features of Cocktail classifications are discussed. The complementarity of the traditional, imperfectly formalized classifications and modern formalized classifications is stressed.