Lipid and glycogen reserves were found to decrease when the adult Trichuris globulosa was to starve by incubation in vitro. Changes in acylglycerols (AG), non-csterified fatty acids (ΝΕΡΆ), cholesterol (Choi), phospholipids (PL) and glycogen were observed. Λ marginal depletion in phospholipids was observed while NEFA, AG, Choi and glycogen were rapidly depleted. Neutral glycolipids (cerebrosidcs) showed no significant change. The adult Trichuris globulosa was able to oxidize absorbed U- C-glucose, (Na)-l-t4C-acetate and (Na)-l-l4C-palmitate to CO2.
The paper presents a survey of the metacercariae of trematodes found in 581 fishes of 15 species from 39 cenotes (sinkholes) of the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico. The following 21 species were found: Echinochasmus sp. 1, Echino-chasmus sp. 2, Echinostomatinae gen. sp. (family Echinostomatidae), Stunkardiella minima (Stunkard, 1938), Alrophecaecum (?) astorquii (Watson, 1976), Peiaezia loossi (Pérez Vigueras, 1957) (Acanthostomidae); Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) tenuicollis Price, 1935, Ascocotyle (Ascolotyle) sp. 1, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) diminuta (Stunkard et Haviland, 1924), Ascocotyle (Phagicola) sp. 2 (= Phagicola angrense Travassos, 1916 of Salgado-Maldonado and Aguirre-Macedo, 1991), Ascocotyle (Phagicola) sp. 3 (Heterophyidae); Cladocystis trifolium (Braun, 1901) (Opisthorchiidae); Oligogonotylus manieri Watson, 1976 (Cryptogonimidae); Clinostomum cf. complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) (Clinostomidae); Diplostomum (Auslrodiplostomum) com-paclum (Lutz, 1928), Posthodiplostomum minimum (MacCallum, 1921), Posthodiplostomum sp. (Diplostomidae); Neodiplos-tomidae gen. sp. 1 ; Neodiplostomidae gen. sp. 2 (Neodiplostomidae); and Apharyngostrigea sp. (Strigeidae). All species found are described and figured, and their life cycles are briefly discussed.
A study on the spatial distribution of two congeneric monogenean species Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae Yin ct Sproston, 1948 and P. bini Kikuchi, 1929 on the gills of large size European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) were conducted. Results were analysed with regard to: single-species infection, mixed infection and general occurrence of the parasites in the ccl population. Statistical analysis revealed that the distribution of these species on the gill apparatus is fairly similar and the zones in which they occur more numerously coincide to a great extent. However, a number of differences were found. Both the possibility of simultaneous occurrence on Ihe host and similar distribution of the above species on the eel’s gills indicate the reciprocal tolerance of these parasites.
Microsporidiosis is an increasingly important opportunistic infection in HIV-positive patients. Five species of microsporidia {Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon hellem and E. cunieuli, Seplata intestinalis, and Pleistophora sp.) have been reported to occur in AIDS, with each agent producing a different clinicopathologic spectrum of disease. This communication reviews routine and specialized methods for diagnosis of these important pathogenic protozoa, including biopsy, cytology, ultrastructural and immunologic examination, and tissue culture, and describes the current knowledge of organ distribution for microsporidia in persons with AIDS.
Lectin activities were studied in five different species of tsetse flies. Different native or enzymatically treated human or animal red blood cells were used to detect hemagglutination activity in midgut extracts. Two inducible lectin systems in the midgut of C. tachinoides were distinguished.
Experimental infection of the pulmonate snails Arianta arbustorum L. and Helix pomatia L. with first-stage larvae of protostrongylid nematode Elaphostrongylus cervi Cameron, 1931 was performed in order to determine modes of larval entry into the body of the snail intermediate host. Groups by four individuals of both snail species were examined histologically 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the beginning of exposure and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days post infection. All 64 snails examined were found to be successfully infected. The superficial furrows of the sole were recognized as the most important site of larval entry into the snail organism. Larval penetration was observed to be accompanied by destruction of the superficial epithelium. The number of larvae found in the subepithelial connective tissue of the headfoot was significantly higher than that found in other tissues and organs. Larval counts in individual parts of the body of snails examined from 0 to 7 days p.i. did not fluctuate significantly. The present results indicate that only those protostrongylid larvae which actively penetrated the superficial epithelium of the snail sole play an important role in the life cycle.
Mediální dialog ztrácí některé rysy přirozeného dialogu tváří v tvář, který leží v jeho půdorysu, a získává rysy další, neboť komunikace tu přestupuje přes hranice primární řečové situace. Televizní dialog je dialog veřejný, který se vede před diváckým publikem a pro toto publikum. Divák je nejen svědkem, ale pravým cílem, k němuž je dialog směrován. Stať analyzuje komunikační situaci, při níž jsou ve studiu přítomni redaktor a dva hosté, představitelé různých profesí a názorových proudů (ekonom a ekoložka) i různých stanovisek k určité otázce (globalizace). Redaktor se obrací s otázkami střídavě k oběma. aby je vzájemně konfrontoval a spor vyhrotil. Dotazovaní hosté se snaží nejen odpovídat na otázky redaktora (to je jejich základní role v interview), ale i zpochybňovat či přímo vyvracet odpovědi druhého z hostí (role často neméně důležitá). Hosté komunikují nejen s redaktorem, ale komunikují i mezi sebou navzájem, ať už skrytě, či zjevně, s cílem získat diváka na svou stranu. Stať analyzuje toto interview v souvislosti s otázkou typologie debat a debat založených na konfliktu zájmů a konfliktu hodnot.
During a survey of the parasites of freshwater fishes from cenotes (sinkholes) of the Yucatan Peninsula the following species of monogeneans were found on cichlid, pimelodid, characid and poeciliid fishes: Sciadicleithrum mexicanum Kritsky, Vidal-Martinez et Rodriguez-Canul, 1994 from C.ichlasoma urophthalmus (Giinther) (type host), Cichlasoma friedrichsthali (Heckel), Cichlasoma octofasciatum (Regan), and Cichlasoma synspilum Hubbs, all new host records; Sciadicleithrum meekii Mcndoza-Franco, Scholz et Vidal-Martinez, 1997 from Cichlasoma meeki (Brind); Urocleidoides chavarriai (Price, 1938) and Urocleidoides travassosi (Price, 1938) from Rhamdia guatemalensis (Günther); Urocleidoides costaricensis (Price et Bussing, 1967), Urocleidoides heteroancistrium (Price et Bussing, 1968), Urocleidoides anops Kritsky et Thatcher, 1974, Anacanthocotyle anacanthocolyle Kritsky et Fritts, 1970, and Gyrodaclylus neotropicalis Kritsky et Fritts, 1970 from Aslyanax fasciatus; and Gyrodactylus sp. from Gambusia yucatana Regan. Urocleidoides chavarriai, U. travassosi, U. costaricensis, U. heteroancistrium, U. anops, Anacanthocotyle anacanthocotyle and Gyrodactylus neotropicalis are reported from North America (Mexico) for the first time. These findings support the idea about the dispersion of freshwater fishes and their monogenean parasites from South America through Central America to southeastern Mexico, following the emergence of the Panamanian isthmus between 2 and 5 million years ago.