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24142. Mylius, Klaus. Wörterbuch des kanonischen Jinismus
- Creator:
- Bock-Raming, Andreas
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24143. Myocardial gap junctions: targets for novel approaches in the prevention of life-threatening cardiac arrhytmias
- Creator:
- Narcisa Tribulová, Knezl, V., Ľudmila Okruhlicová, and Ján Slezák
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, kardiovaskulární fyziologie, fibrilace srdce, terapeutické aspekty, cardiovascular physiology, heart fibrillation, therapeutic aspects, atrial and ventricular fibrilation, gap junction, connexin channel, therapeutic targets, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Direct cell-to-cell communication in the heart is maintained via gap junction channels composed of proteins termed connexins. Connexin channels ensure molecular and electrical signals propagation and hence are crucial in myocardial synchronization and heart function. Disease-induced gap junctions remodeling and/or an impairment or even block of intercellular communication due to acute pathological conditions results in derangements of myocardial conduction and synchronization. This is critical in the development of both ventricular fibrillation, which is a major cause of sudden cardiac death and persistent atrial fibrillation, most common arrhythmia in clinical practice often resulting in stroke. Many studies suggest that alterations in topology (remodeling), expression, phosphorylation and particularly function of connexin channels due to age or disease are implicated in the development of these life-threatening arrhythmias. It seems therefore challenging to examine whether compounds that could prevent or attenuate gap junctions remodeling and connex in channels dysfunction can protect the heart against arrhythmias that cause sudden death in humans. This assumption is supported by very recent findings showing that an increase of gap junctional conductance by specific peptides can prevents atrial conduction slowing or re-entrant ventricular tachycardia in ischemic heart. Suppression of ischemia-induced dephosphorylation of connexin seems to be one of the mechanisms involved. Another approach for identifying novel treatments is based on the hypothesis that even non-antiarrhythmic drugs with antiarrhythmic ability can modulate gap junctional communication and hence attenuate arrhythmogenic substrates., N. Tribulová, V. Knezl, Ľ. Okruhlicová, J. Slezák., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24144. Myocardial Infarct Size-Limiting Effect of Chronic Hypoxia Persists for Five Weeks of Normoxic Recovery
- Creator:
- Neckář, J., Ošťádal, B., and Kolář , F
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- chronic hypoxia, Normoxic recovery, Myocardial infarction, Arrhythmias, and Cardioprotection
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We examined cardioprotective effect of chronic hypoxia and the time course of its recovery under normoxic conditions. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (7000 m, 8 h/day, 35 exposures) and susceptibility of their hearts to ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial infarction was evaluated in anesthetized open-chest animals subjected to 30-min coronary artery occlusion and 4-h reperfusion on the day after the last hypoxic exposure and at 7, 35 and 90 days of normoxic recovery. The infarct size was reduced from 69.2±1.7 % of the area at risk in normoxic controls to 48.0±2.2 % in the chronically hypoxic group and to 61.6±2.3 % in the group recovered for 7 days. This residual protection persisted for at least 35 days of normoxic recovery but it was absent after 90 days. In contrast to the infarct size-limitation, the antiarrhythmic protection disappeared already during the first week; the incidence of ventricular fibrillation was even significantly increased 7 and 90 days after the last hypoxic exposure. In conclusion, the duration of cardioprotection induced by chronic hypoxia differs markedly, depending on the end point of ischemia/reperfusion injury examined. Whereas the increased tolerance to lethal myocardial injury persists for at least 5 weeks after the termination of hypoxia, the antiarrhythmic protection rapidly vanishes, being replaced with transient proarrhythmic effect.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24145. Myocardial infarction detection using intelligent algorithms
- Creator:
- Seenivasagam , V. and Chitra, R.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- intelligent algorithms, risk factors, myocardial infarction, feed forward neural network, and computer aided detection
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Myocardial Infarction (MI) also known as heart attack is one of the most dangerous cardiovascular diseases. Accurate early prediction can effectively reduce the mortality rate caused by MI. The early stages of MI may only have subtle indications which can be varied in variable risk factors and making diagnosis difficult even for experienced cardiologists. In this paper the computer aided detection system is proposed to find the risk level of MI using the supervised classifier. The MI prediction system is developed using Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), Cascade Correlation Neural Network (CNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Genetic Optimized Neural Network (GAANN), Particle Swarm Optimized Neural Network (PSONN) and also the performance of the Computer Aided Detection system is analyzed using various performance metrics.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24146. Myocardial m6A regulators in postnatal development: effect of sex
- Creator:
- Semenovykh, Dmytro, Benak, Daniel, Holzerova, Kristyna, Cerna, Barbora, Telensky, Petr, Vavrikova, Tereza, Kolar, Frantisek, Neckar, Jan, and Hlavackova, Marketa
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- epitranscriptomics, N6 -methyladenosine, postnatal development, and heart
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is an abundant mRNA modification affecting mRNA stability and protein expression. It is a highly dynamic process, and its outcomes during postnatal heart development are poorly understood. Here we studied m6 A machinery in the left ventricular myocardium of Fisher344 male and female rats (postnatal days one to ninety; P1-P90) using Western Blot. A downward pattern of target protein levels (demethylases FTO and ALKBH5, methyltransferase METTL3, reader YTHDF2) was revealed in male and female rats during postnatal development. On P1, the FTO protein level was significantly higher in males compared to females.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24147. Myocardial phospholipid remodeling under different types of load imposed during early postnatal development
- Creator:
- František Novák, František Kolář, Blanka Hamplová, Mrnka, L., Václav Pelouch, Bohuslav Ošťádal, and Olga Nováková
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, myokard, poporodní péče, physiology, myocardium, postnatal care, phospholipids, cardiolipin, pressure overload, chronic hypoxia, thyroid status, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Normal increase in hemodynamic load during early postnatal life is associated with heart growth and maturation of membrane structures that is accompanied by remodeling of membrane protein and lipid components. This review describes remodeling of phospholipids (PL) in rat myocardium during normal postnatal development and during accelerated cardiac growth induced by additional workload (aorta constriction, chronic hypoxia and hyperthyroidism) imposed on the heart early after birth. Normal physiological load after birth stimulates the development of membrane structures and synthesis of PL. While hyperthyroidism accelerates these processes, pressure overload has an inhibitory effect. These changes primarily influence the maturation of mitochondrial membranes as cardiolipin is one of the most affected PL species. The most sensitive part of PL structure in their remodeling process are PL acyl chains, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids that are the key components determining the basic physicochemical properties of the membrane bilayer and thus the function of membrane-bound proteins and membrane-derived signaling lipid molecules. It is evident that PL remodeling may significantly influence both normal and pathological postnatal development of myocardium., F. Novák ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24148. Myofibrillar Creatine Kinase Activity Inferred from a 3D Model
- Creator:
- Jiří Mejsnar, Sopko, B., and Gergor, M.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Muscle, Energetics, Myofibrillar creatine kinase, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Myofibrillar creatine kinase (CK) that buffers ATP during fluctuating muscle energy metabolism has been selected for studies of conformational changes underlying the cellular control of enzyme activity. The force field was computed for three energetic states, namely for the substrate-free CK molecule, for the molecule conjugated with the MgATP complex, and for the molecule conjugated with the pair of reactants MgATP-creatine. Without its substrates, the enzyme molecule assumes an inactive "open" form. Upon binding of the MgATP complex, the CK molecule takes up a reactive "closed" conformation. Subsequent binding of creatine yields a nonreactive "intermediary" conformation. Acid-base catalysis is considered to be the basic principle for the reversible transfer of the phosphoryl group between the substrates. The results indicate that the substrate-induced energy minimizing conformational changes do not represent a sufficient condition for CK activity and that some other essential component of physiological control at the cellular level is involved in the transition from the intermediary to the closed structure of the molecule., J. A. Mejsnar, B. Sopko, M. Gergor., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24149. Myoinositol a jeho léčebné možnosti
- Creator:
- Žalmanová, Svatava
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, ženské pohlaví, inositol--aplikace a dávkování--terapeutické užití, vitamin B komplex--aplikace a dávkování--terapeutické užití, gestační diabetes--farmakoterapie--prevence a kontrola, těhotenství--účinky léků, hyperandrogenismus--farmakoterapie, syndrom polycystických ovarií--farmakoterapie, fertilizace in vitro, potravní doplňky, ženská infertilita--farmakoterapie, indukovaná ovulace--metody, and anovulace--farmakoterapie
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Myoinositol je cyklický izomer D-glukózy, který se v lidském těle přirozeně vyskytuje. Účastní se mnoha biochemických reakcí. Aktuální výsledky řady randomizovaných kontrolovaných studií opakovaně potvrzují přínos podávání myoinositolu i v oboru gynekologie a porodnictví. Pozitivní účinky jsou potvrzeny u diabetiček, u žen s inzulinovou rezistencí, s hyperandrogenním syndromem, výborné výsledky jsou i v reprodukční medicíně., Myo-inositol is a cyclic isomer of D-glucose which naturally occurs in the human body. It is involved in many biochemical reactions. The current results of numerous randomized controlled studies have repeatedly confirmed the benefit of administering myo-inositol also in the fields of gynecology and obstetrics. Positive effects have also been confirmed in female patients with diabetes, in women with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenous syndrome, excellent results have been recorded in reproductive medicine, too., and Svatava Žalmanová
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24150. Myokiny – hormony svalové tkáně
- Creator:
- Stránská, Zuzana and Svačina, Štěpán
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- pohybová aktivita--fyziologie, adenylátkináza--fyziologie--metabolismus, interleukin-6--fyziologie--metabolismus--sekrece, homeostáza, kosterní svaly--fyziologie--metabolismus, modely u zvířat, myši, zvířata, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Pohybová inaktivita je průkazně spojena s manifestací chronických, kvalitu a prognózu života člověka významně negativně modifikujících onemocnění. Benefity pohybové aktivity zprostředkovává jistě mnoho více či méně provázaných patofyziologických mechanizmů, které dosud nebyly ve své složitosti zcela prozkoumány. Koncem 20. století se podařilo prokázat, že pracující příčně pruhovaný sval skutečně reguluje metabolickou a fyziologickou odezvu v ostatních orgánech. Jedná o několik stovek substancí, které mají autokrinní, parakrinní a endokrinní účinek. Tyto proteiny a peptidy, jsou-li vylučovány do krevního oběhu, ovlivňují významným způsobem metabolizmus vzdálených orgánů. Byly klasifikovány jako „myokiny“ (cytokiny produkované myocyty). Mezi identifikované myokiny lze zařadit např.: interleukiny – IL4, IL6, IL7, IL15, myostatin, LIF (leucemia inhibitory factor), BDNF (brain-derived neurotropic factor), IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor), FGF2 (fibroblastový růstový faktor 2), FGF21, FSTL1 (folistatin-related protein 1), irisin, EPO (erytropoetin) a BAIBA (β-aminoisobutyric acid). Myokiny mají v lidském organizmu v prvé řadě imunoregulační roli. Další významnou úlohou myokinů je, shodou okolností rovněž v interakci s tukovou tkání, regulace energetické homeostázy. Ovlivňují také růst svalových vláken a jejich regeneraci, stimulují angiogenezi, uplatňují se v regulaci metabolizmu glukózy a mají prokázaný efekt na lipidy. S ohledem na svoji rozmanitou funkci představují myokiny do budoucna terapeutický cíl v léčbě poruch svalového růstu regenerace a také obezity. Další recentní výzkum směřuje k odhalení tzv. myokinové rezistence jako rezultátu dlouhodobé svalové inaktivity a její asociaci s chronickým subklinickým zánětem., Physical inactivity is demonstrably related to the manifestation of chronic diseases which significantly modify the quality and prognosis of life in a negative way. The benefits of exercise are surely mediated by many pathophysiological mechanisms interrelated in varying degrees, which have not yet been fully examined in their complexity. In the late 20th century it was positively proven that a working striated muscle really regulates the metabolic and physiological response in the other organs. These involve several hundred substances with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects. These proteins and peptides, if released into the blood stream, substantially affect the metabolism of distant organs. They were classified as “myokines“ (cytokines produced by myocytes). The identified myokines include e.g. IL4, IL6, IL7, IL15, myostatin, LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor), FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2), FGF21, FSTL1 (follistatin-related protein 1), irisin, EPO (erythropoetin) and BAIBA (β-aminoisobutyric acid). Myokines have first of all an immunoregulatory role in the human body. Another important effect of myokines is, coincidentally also in the interaction with adipose tissue, the regulation of energy homeostasis. They also affect the growth of muscle fibres and their regeneration, stimulate angiogenesis, they are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and have a proven effect on lipids. Considering their diverse function, myokines present a prospective therapeutic goal in the treatment of disorders of muscle growth and regeneration as well as obesity. Another recent research moves toward uncovering of the “myokine resistance” as a result of long-term muscle inactivity and its association with chronic subclinical inflammation., and Zuzana Stránská, Štěpán Svačina
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public