Monoklonální imunoglobuliny se v ojedinělých případech váží na tělu vlastní antigeny a způsobují tak autoimunitní poškození organizmu. V textu popisujeme Waldenströmovu makroglobulinemii, která se manifestovala bolestmi ve svalech a anémií. Pacientka pociťovala bolesti zad asi 3 roky před příchodem na naši ambulanci. V posledním roce se k bolestem zádových svalů přidaly i bolesti ve svalech horních a dolních končetin. Vzniklo tak podezření na polymyozitidu. Ta ale nebyla odborným vyšetřením potvrzena. Pacientka měla v kostní dřeni jasnou infiltraci lymfoplazmocytárním lymfomem a 10,8 g/l monoklonálního imunoglobulinu typu IgM. Koncentrace myoglobinu v séru a aktivita kreatinkinázy (CK) v séru byly opakovaně signifikantně zvýšené. Proto byla zahájena léčba monoklonální protilátkou antiCD20 (Mabthera) 375 mg/m2 i. v. 1krát měsíčně, cyklofosfamidem 500 mg/m2 i. v. den 1 a den 15 v 28denním cyklu a dexametazonem 20 mg 1.–4. den a 15.–18. den léčebného cyklu. Plánováno bylo celkem 8 cyklů. Již po 5. cyklu bylo dosaženo vymizení monoklonálního imunoglobulinu (negativní imunofixace), normalizace hodnot myoglobinu a CK a výrazný ústup bolestí svalů. Koncentrace hemoglobinu před léčbou byla výrazně snížená, po léčbě se normalizovala. Po 5 cyklech bylo tedy dosaženo kompletní remise Waldenströmovy nemoci dle biochemických parametrů a normalizace hodnot myoglobinu a CK v séru., Waldenström‘s macroglobulinemia which was manifested by muscle pain and anemia. The female patient had suffered from back pain for about 3 years before she came to our clinic. In the last year pain in the muscles of the upper and lower extremities developed in addition to back pain. This led to the suspicion of polymyositis. However this was not confirmed by a special examination. The patient was diagnosed with clearly established infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and 10.8 g/l of type IgM monoclonal immunoglobulin in the bone marrow. Serum myoglobin levels and serum CK activity were repeatedly significantly increased. Therefore the treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Mabthera) 375 mg/m2 i. v. was started, administered once a month, with cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 i. v. on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle, and dexamethasone 20 mg from 1st through to 4th days and 15th through to 18th days of the treatment cycle. There were 8 cycles planned. Already after a 5th cycle, the disappearance of monoclonal immunoglobulin (negative immunofixation), normalisation of myoglobin and CK values and significant relief from muscle pain were achieved. The hemoglobin concentrations before treatment were significantly reduced, while they were normalised after treatment. After 5 cycles, the complete remission of Waldenström‘s disease was reached according to biochemical parameters, and normalisation of the serum myoglobin and creatine kinase levels was achieved., and Zdeněk Adam, Jarmila Kissová, Luděk Pour, Marta Krejčí, Eva Ševčíková, Renata Koukalová, Zdeňka Čermáková, Marta Černá, Zdeněk Král, Jiří Mayer
Myopericytoma is a rare benign tumour composed of pericytic cells that show myoid differentiation and have a tendency for concentric perivascular growth. It belongs to a spectrum ofperivascular myoid cell neoplasms. To date, only a small number of cases of myopericytoma involving the oral cavity have been reported. We describe a case of myopericytoma presenting as a slowly growing tongue nodule in a 61-year-old woman. A diagnosis of myopericytoma was established with the histopathological findings combined with immunohistochemical staining. Myopericytoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of well-circumscribed, slow-growing lesions of the oral cavity. and S. Akbulut, D. Berk, MG. Demir, S. Kayahan
Recently described Myotis alcathoe has been recorded in Ukraine for the first time and at eight new localities in three distant and geographically diverse areas of Poland (the mountains, the uplands and the lowlands). This data extends its distribution range in Central Europe and confirms it as a native breeding species in Poland. Specific identification of bats was confirmed by sequencing ND1 gene of mtDNA. In Poland its reproduction has been recorded in Łężczok reserve, Silesian Foothill and in Roztocze National Park. Bats were observed mostly within old broadleaved and mixed forests, near water, at altitude ranging from 112 to 736 m a.s.l. The only known roosting site for the species is a cave which is used both in spring and during the swarming period. In Poland the species co-occurred with both M. brandtii and M. mystacinus or with M. brandtii at all sites.
Myotropic neuropeptides were isolated from the retrocerebral complex of the stick insect, Carausius morosus, by using three HPLC steps. Bioactivity during purification was measured by heterologous bioassays monitoring the contractions of the hyperneural muscle and hindgut of the American cockroach. Additionally, fractions not active in these bioassays were tested in a homologous bioassay evoking contractions of the hindgut of C. morosus. Peptide sequence analysis and mass spectrometry yielded the following structures: Pro-Phe-Cys-Asn-Ala-Phe-Thr-Gly-Cys-NH2 (CCAP), pGlu-Thr-Phe-Gln-Tyr-Ser-His-Gly-Trp-Thr-Asn-NH2 (His7-corazonin) and Asp-Glu-Gly-Gly-Thr-Gln-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (Cam-PK-1). These neuropeptides are the first myotropins isolated from C. morosus. The most bioactive compound in the homologous bioassay, the C. morosus-hindgut assay, was CCAP., Reinhard Predel, Roland Kellner, Gerd Gäde, and Lit
Larvae and pupae of the obligatorily myrmecophilous Phengaris (Maculinea) arion were found for the first time in nests of Myrmica rugulosa, M. hellenica and M. schencki at a site in eastern Poland. M. sabuleti, commonly considered as a major host of the butterfly and whose abundance is vital for the survival of P. arion populations, was shown to be very rare and not used. Estimated mean density of Myrmica nests was very low, which suggests that relatively vast areas are necessary to support a viable population of P. arion in similar sandy habitats. This may explain the decline and rarity of the butterfly in the whole region, even though its relationships with ants seem not to be very specific there.
Cílem tohoto článku je metodologický rozbor předpokladů, které používáme, když přemýšlíme o pojmech jako mysl, myšlení, vědomí, poznávání a zkušenost. V první části ukážeme, za jakých předpokladů má smysl chápat mysl jako proces, který je možno popsat formálním modelem a kde jsou meze modelování. V druhé části se zaměříme na alternativní metodologické přístupy, které umožňují poznávat mysl, resp. zkušenost nikoliv pomocí formálních modelů, ale reflexivním nepojmovým poznáváním, které budeme označovat jako vhled., This article deals with methodological assumptions we use when thinking about such concepts as mind, thinking, consciousness, cognition and experience. The first part describes assumptions under which we can formally model the mind as process and where are the limits of such formal descriptions. The second part describes alternative methodological approaches enabling us to understand mind not by means of formal models, but through reflexive non-conceptual understanding called insight., and Burian J.