Bentholebouria colubrosa gen. n. et sp. n. (Digenea: Opecoelidae) is described in the wenchman, Pristipomoides aquilonaris (Goode et Bean), from the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and new combinations are proposed: Bentholebouria blatta (Bray et Justine, 2009) comb. n., Bentholebouria longisaccula (Yamaguti, 1970) comb. n., Bentholebouria rooseveltiae (Yamaguti, 1970) comb. n., and Bentholebouria ulaula (Yamaguti, 1970) comb. n. The new genus is morphologically similar to Neolebouria Gibson, 1976, but with a longer cirrus sac, entire testes, a rounded posterior margin with a cleft, and an apparent restriction to the deepwater snappers. Morphologically, the new species is closest to B. blatta from Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus (Valenciennes) off New Caledonia but can be differentiated by the nature of the internal seminal vesicle (2-6 turns or loops rather than constrictions), a longer internal seminal vesicle (occupying about 65% rather than 50% of the cirrus sac), a cirrus sac that extends further into the hindbody (averaging 136% rather than 103% of the distance from the posterior margin of the ventral sucker to the ovary), and a narrower body (27% rather than 35% mean width as % of body length). A Bayesian inference analysis of partial sequence of the 28S rDNA from Neolebouria lanceolata (Price, 1934), Cainocreadium lintoni (Siddiqi et Cable, 1960), Hamacreadium mutabile Linton, 1910, Opecoeloides fimbriatus (Linton, 1910), Podocotyloides brevis Andres et Overstreet, 2013, the new species, and previously published comparable sequences from 10 opecoelid species revealed two clades. One clade includes deep-sea (≥ 200 m) and freshwater fish opecoelids + Opecoeloides Bremser in Rudolphi, 1819, and a second clade included those opecoelids from shallow-water marine, perciform fishes.
Recently the Earth System Modelling Group of GeoForschungsZentrum (ESMGFZ) in Potsdam started producing a new series of Effective Angular Momentum Excitation Functions (EAM). As a novelty, the data is given in 3-hour resolution for the influence of the atmosphere and dynamic ocean, and 1-day resolution for terrestrial hydrosphere and barystatic sea-level changes. In addition to this, IERS recently started publishing their new series of C04 solution for Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP), based on new combination of all observations and ITRF2014 terrestrial frame. We use the ESMGFZ data to numerically integrate Brzeziński’s broad-band Liouville equations in celestial frame and compare the results with IERS C04 solution for celestial pole offsets in the interval 1986.0-2018.4. Alternatively, we also add a possible influence of unevenly distributed Geomagnetic jerks (GMJ). In the process of integration we look for the best-fitting parameters (period T, Q-factor) of Free Core Nutation (FCN). It is demonstrated that the fit between integrated and observed values is much better when compared with our previous solutions, based on older models of geophysical excitations. The fit is improved significantly when GMJ quasi-impulse effect is included. The best fit is obtained for atmospheric, oceanic and GMJ excitations, the preferred parameters of FCN being.. . We also estimate new value for empirical prograde MHB Sun-synchronous correction.
Due to changes at the Gabčíkovo Water Structure‘s Provisional Rules of Operation developed in 2011 at Slovenské elektrárne Inc. - Hydro power plants Trenčín enterprise, a new hydromodel for operating the Gabčíkovo Water Structure was implemented. This hydromodel is capable of planning and exploiting the regulatory functions of the Gabčíkovo Water Structure more effectively than it was previously. The new hydromodel additionally incorporates a simulating model of flow transformation downstream of the Gabčíkovo Water Structure, which will examine the substantiality of Gabčíkovo Water Structure projected operation for compliance with nautical parameters downstream the Gabčíkovo Water Structure. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Three species of nematodes from the Camallanidae that are known to infect Xenopus laevis Daudin (Anura: Pipidae) were collected from several localities across South Africa. New data on morphology, partial 28S and cox1 genes, infection levels and distribution are presented herein. The most common species, Batrachocamallanus slomei Southwell et Kirshner, 1937, from the stomach and less often oesophagus, was found in eight localities. Camallanus kaapstaadi Southwell et Kirshner, 1937, also from the oesophagus, was found in two localities and C. xenopodis Jackson et Tinsley, 1995, from the intestine, at a single locality. New localities for both C. kaapstaadi and C. xenopodis provide a geographical range extension. Males of C. xenopodis are described for the first time herein. The existence of a left spicule in the males of both the species of Camallanus Railliet and Henry, 1915 is confirmed and measurements are provided. Although C. xenopodis is distinguished from C. mazabukae Kung, 1948 in the present study, we suggest greater sampling effort in other African amphibians to confirm the species status of the latter taxon. Finally, the new molecular data showed distant relationships between collected species of Camallanus and species parasitising fish and freshwater turtles., Roman Svitin, Anneke L. Schoeman, Louis H. du Preez., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to demyelination and axonal damage and resulting in a range of physical, mental or even psychiatric symptoms. Key role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of MS has been suggested, as indicated by the biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples, tissue homogenates, and animal models of multiple sclerosis. OS causes demyelination and neurodegeneration directly, by oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA but also indirectly, by inducing a dysregulation of the immunity and favoring the state of proinflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the interrelated mechanisms of the impaired redox signaling, of which the most important are inflammation-induced production of free radicals by activated immune cells and growth factors, release of iron from myelin sheath during demyelination and mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent energy failure and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Review also provides an overview of the interplay between inflammation, immunity and OS in MS. Finally, this review also points out new potential targets in MS regarding attenuation of OS and inflammatory response in MS.