Number of results to display per page
Search Results
25082. NMDA and AMPA receptors: development and status epilepticus
- Creator:
- Szczurowska, E. and Pavel Mareš
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mozek, mutace (biologie), epilepsie, brain, mutation (biology), epilepsy, glutamate receptors, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission (Dingeldine et al. 1999). The high level of glutamatergic excitation allows the neonatal brain (the 2 nd postnatal week in rat) to develop quickly but it also makes it highly prone to age-specific seizures that can cause lifelong neurological and cognit ive disability (Haut et al. 2004). There are three types of ionotropic glutamate receptors (ligand-gated ion channels) named according to their prototypic agonists: N- methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA). During early stages of postnatal development glutamate receptors of NMDA and AMPA type undergo intensive functional changes owing to modifications in their subunit composition (Carter et al. 1988, Watanabe et al. 1992, Monyer et al. 1994, Wenzel et al. 1997, Sun et al. 1998, Lilliu et al. 2001, Kumar et al. 2002, Matsuda et al. 2002, Wee et al. 2008, Henson et al. 2010, Pachernegg et al. 2012, Paoletti et al. 2013). Participation and role of these receptors in mechanisms of seizures and epilepsy became one of the main targets of intensive investigation (De Sarro et al. 2005, Di Maio et al. 2012, Rektor 2013). LiCl/Pilocarpine (LiCl/Pilo) induced status epilepticus is a model of severe seizures resulting in development temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This review will consider developmental changes and contribution of NMDA and AMPA receptors in LiCl/Pilo model of status epilepticus in immature rats., E. Szczurowska, P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25083. NMDA receptor activation induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
- Creator:
- Gao, X., Xu, X., Pang, J., Zhang, C., Ding, J. M., Peng, X., Liu, Y., and Cao,Ji-Min
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyziologie živočichů, vápník, cytochromy, srdce, animal physiology, calcium, cytochromes, heart, kaspáza-3, and caspase-3
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Glutamate is a well-characterized excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, glutamate receptors (GluRs) were also found in peripheral tissues, including the heart. However, the function of GluRs in peripheral organs remains poorly understood. In the present study, we found that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) could increase intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) level in a dose-dependent manner in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. NMDA at 10-4 M increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytosolic cytochrome c (cyto c), and 17-kDa caspase-3, but depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In addition, NMDA treatment induced an increase in ba x mRNA but a decrease in bcl-2 mRNA expression in the cardiomyocytes. The above effects of NMDA were bloc ked by the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl- 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801), and by ROS scavengers glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcystein (NAC). These results suggest that stimulation of NMDA receptor in the cardiomyocyte may lead to apoptosis via a Ca2+, ROS, and caspase-3 mediated pathway. These findings suggest that NMDA receptor may play an important role in myocardial pathogenesis., X. Gao, X. Xu, J. Pang, C. Zhang, J. M. Ding, X. Peng, Y. Liu, J.-M. Cao., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25084. NMR plasma metabolomics study of patients overcoming acute myocardial infarction: in the first 12 h after onset of chest pain with statistical discrimination towards metabolomic biomarkers
- Creator:
- Petráš, Martin, Sarlinova, Miroslava, Kalenska, Dagmar, Samoš, Matej, Bolek, Tomáš, Racay, Peter, Halašová, Erika, Štrbák, Oliver, Staško, Ján, Musak, Ludovit, Skorvanova, Michaela, and Baranovicova, Eva
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- infarkt myokardu, myocardial infarction, plasma, NMR metabolomics, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death among adults in older age. Understanding mechanisms how organism responds to ischemia is essential for the ischemic patient’s prevention and treatment. Despite the great prevalence and incidence only a small number of studies utilize a metabolomic approach to describe AMI condition. Recent studies have shown the impact of metabolites on epigenetic changes, in these studies plasma metabolites were related to neurological outcome of the patients making metabolomic studies increasingly interesting. The aim of this study was to describe metabolomic response of an organism to ischemic stress through the changes in energetic metabolites and aminoacids in blood plasma in patients overcoming acute myocardial infarction. Blood plasma from patients in the first 12 h after onset of chest pain was collected and compared with volunteers without any history of ischemic diseases via NMR spectroscopy. Lowered plasma levels of pyruvate, alanine, glutamine and neurotransmitter precursors tyrosine and tryptophan were found. Further, we observed increased plasma levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate in balance with decreased level of lipoproteins fraction, suggesting the ongoing ketonic state of an organism. Discriminatory analysis showed very promising performance where compounds: lipoproteins, alanine, pyruvate, glutamine, tryptophan and 3-hydroxybutyrate were of the highest discriminatory power with feasibility of successful statistical discrimination., Martin Petras, Dagmar Kalenska, Matej Samos, Tomas Bolek, Miroslava Sarlinova, Peter Racay, Erika Halasova, Oliver Štrbák, Jan Stasko, Ludovit Musak, Michaela Skorvanova, Eva Baranovicova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25085. No association between current depression and latent toxoplasmosis in adults
- Creator:
- Gale, Shawn D, Berrett, Andrew N, Brown, Bruce, Erickson, Lance D, and Hedges, Dawson W
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitologie, parasitology, Toxoplasma gondii, major depressive disorder, NHANES, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Changes in behaviour and cognition have been associated with latent infection from the apicomplexan protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) in both animal and human studies. Further, neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia have also been associated with latent toxoplasmosis. Previously, we found no association between T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibody (IgG) seropositivity and depression in human adults between the ages of 20 and 39 years (n = 1 846) in a sample representative of the United States collected by the Centers for Disease Control as part of a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from three datasets collected between 1999-2004. In the present study, we used NHANES data collected between 2009 and 2012 that included subjects aged 20 to 80 years (n = 5 487) and used the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to assess depression with the overall aim of testing the stability of the results of the prior study. In the current study, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was 13%. The percentage of subjects reporting clinical levels of depression assessed with the PHQ-9 was 8%. As before, we found no association between T. gondii IgG seroprevalence and depression (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.81-1.25; p = 0.944) while controlling for sex, educational attainment, race-ethnicity, age, poverty-to-income ratio and cigarette smoking. We also found no positive associations between anti-T. gondii antibody titre and depression (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.96-1.06; p = 0.868). Moreover, we found no association between T. gondii seroprevalence or antibody titre and suicidal ideation (seroprevalence: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = .85-1.75; p = 0.277, titre: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.98-1.14; p = 0.177)., Defining depression to also include subjects currently taking antidepressant medication even with non-elevated questionnaires did not find evidence of a positive association between latent toxoplasmosis and depression. In the present study, neither T. gondii seroprevalence nor anti-T. gondii antibody titre was positively associated with depression or suicidal ideation among subjects aged 20 to 80 years., Shawn D. Gale, Andrew N. Berrett, Bruce Brown, Lance D. Erickson, Dawson W. Hedges., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25086. No association between latent toxoplasmosis and multiple body measures in U.S. adults
- Creator:
- Berrett, Andrew N, Gale, Shawn D, Erickson, Lance D, Brown, Bruce L, and Hedges, Dawson W
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- testosteron, testosterone, Toxoplasma gondii, height, BMI, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) is an intracellular parasite that can cause ongoing latent infection persisting for the duration of a non-definitive host's life. Affecting approximately one-third of the world's population, latent toxoplasmosis has been associated with neuropsychological outcomes and a previous report suggested an association between latent toxoplasmosis and adult height. Given the large number of people with latent toxoplasmosis and its potential associations with human height, we sought to better understand the association between latent toxoplasmosis and human morphology by evaluating seropositivity for T. gondii and multiple body measures reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) and in the more recent continuous NHANES data sets from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for which data on T. gondii are available. In these analyses, latent toxoplasmosis was not associated with any of the body measures assessed in the NHANES datasets even after taking into account interactions between latent toxoplasmosis and testosterone suggesting that in these samples, latent toxoplasmosis is not associated with adult morphology including height., Andrew N. Berrett, Shawn D. Gale, Lance D. Erickson, Bruce L. Brown, Dawson W. Hedges., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25087. NO concentration in the periendothelial area of the femoral artery of the dog measured in vivo
- Creator:
- Gerová, M., Mesaroš, Š., Kristek, F., Kittová, M., and Malinski, T.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- arterial • NO concentration, A-V difference in • NO, and • NO synthase inhibition
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- • NO concentration was measured in the periendothelial area of the femoral artery by Malinski’s porphyrinic • NO sensor in seven anaesthetized dogs. The basal concentration was 154.2 ±5.6 nM and two-minute intraarterial infusions of acetylcholine (3-4 /tg/ml/min) or bradykinin (30 - 40 ng/ml/min) increased this value significantly to 204.3±16.4 and 266.5±16.4 nM (P<0.01), respectively. Inhibition of »NO synthase by L-NAME (50 mg/kg) declined the basal • NO concentration only to 137.2±3.3 nM (PcO.Ol). Subsequent administration of acetylcholine and bradykinin attenuated significantly the increase in • NO concentration. Surprisingly, both agonists still induced a significant increase of *NO concentration by 125.3±8.3 and 156.6±26.9 nM, respectively (PcO.Ol). One of the possible explanations may be that besides arginine-citrulline plus the • NO pathway other sources of • NO could be involved in the high level of • NO after • NO synthase blockade by L-NAME.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25088. No effect of age of males on reproductive success of the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis
- Creator:
- Mitrus, Cezary
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- collared flycatcher, age of male, greeding effort, predation, and Białowieża Forest
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- During five years (1992–1996) the effect of age of collared flycatcher males on arrival time, quality of nest site, partial losses, feeding effort and reproduction were examined in the primaeval, mature (170–250 year old) oak-lime-hornbeam forest of Białowieża National Park. The males were divided into two age groups: males with brown primaries and wing covers were aged as young, and males whose wings were uniformly black were aged as old ones. Only the arrival date and the clutch size were significantly different between the groups of males but other breeding features were very similar. These results may be explained by a short life-span of flycatchers and by conditions in the Białowieża National Park. A surplus of good natural cavities reduced competition between young and old males, and a surplus of food could reduce differences in foraging abilities. A high predation rate was the main cause of nesting losses. In such conditions, the strategy to take each opportunity of reproduction may lead to high life time reproduction success and can reduce potential differences in breeding success young and old males.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
25089. No genetic differentiation in the rose-infesting fruit flies Rhagoletis alternata and Carpomya schineri (Diptera: Tephritidae) across central Europe
- Creator:
- Kohnen, Annette, Wissemann, Volker , and Brandl, Roland
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Genetic variation, genetic structure, mitochondrial DNA, Tephritidae, dog roses, range expansion, host shift, Rhagoletis alternata, and Carpomya schineri
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- After the last glacial retreat in Europe, multiple recolonizations led to intraspecific differentiation in many of the recolonizing taxa. Here we investigate the genetic diversification across central Europe in two recolonizing taxa, the tephritid fruit flies Rhagoletis alternata (Fallén, 1814) and Carpomya schineri (Loew, 1856), which attack rose hips. Analysis of amplified and sequenced fragments of the mitochondrial genes encoding cytochrome oxidase I (800 bp), cytochrome oxidase II (470 bp) and cytochrome b (450 bp), indicate that all the individuals of R. alternata (n = 21) collected from across Europe share the same haplotype. Two individuals of C. schineri form Berlin, which is further north of the range than previously reported in the literature, differ from the other individuals (n = 13) in one nucleotide position on the cytochrome oxidase II gene fragment. This level of genetic variation in sequences with a summed length of 1720 bp is unexpectedly lower than in other insect taxa (n = 63). This might have been caused by a selective sweep by a cytoplasmic symbiont such as Wolbachia, or a recent range expansion associated with a host shift or a single recolonization event.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25090. No More Poorhouses and Spitals, but Social Care: The Masaryk Homes in Prague-Krč /
- Creator:
- Mášová, Hana,
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Sociální problémy vyžadující podporu a pomoc. Sociální zabezpečení, Zenkl, Petr,, péče o chudé, ústavy sociální péče, chudobince, špitály, péče zdravotní, zdravotnictví, politika sociální, Československo 1918-1938, sociální péče, odbory, architektura, architekti, and dějiny zdravotnictví, lékaři
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown