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25202. Normalization of MV -algebras
- Creator:
- Chajda, Ivan, Halaš, Radomír, Kühr, Jan, and Vanžurová, Alena
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- MV -algebra, abelian lattice-ordered group, q-lattice, and normalization of a variet
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We consider algebras determined by all normal identities of MV -algebras, i.e. algebras of many-valued logics. For such algebras, we present a representation based on a normalization of a sectionally involutioned lattice, i.e. a q-lattice, and another one based on a normalization of a lattice-ordered group.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25203. Normalized data barrier amplifier for feed-forward neural network
- Creator:
- Fuangkhon, P.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- data mining, data normalization, data reduction, instance selection, and neural network
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A boundary vector generator is a data barrier amplifier that improves the distribution model of the samples to increase the classification accuracy of the feed-forward neural network. It generates new forms of samples, one for amplifying the barrier of their class (fundamental multi-class outpost vectors) and the other for increasing the barrier of the nearest class (additional multi-class outpost vectors). However, these sets of boundary vectors are enormous. The reduced boundary vector generators proposed three boundary vector reduction techniques that scale down fundamental multi-class outpost vectors and additional multi-class outpost vectors. Nevertheless, these techniques do not consider the interval of the attributes, causing some attributes to suppress over the other attributes on the Euclidean distance calculation. The motivation of this study is to explore whether six normalization techniques; min-max, Z-score, mean and mean absolute deviation, median and median absolute deviation, modified hyperbolic tangent, and hyperbolic tangent estimator, can improve the classification performance of the boundary vector generator and the reduced boundary vector generators for maximizing class boundary. Each normalization technique pre-processes the original training set before the boundary vector generator or each of the three reduced boundary vector generators will begin. The experimental results on the real-world datasets generally confirmed that (1) the final training set having only FF-AA reduced boundary vectors can be integrated with one of the normalization techniques effectively when the accuracy and precision are prioritized, (2) the final training set having only the boundary vectors can be integrated with one of the normalization techniques effectively when the recall and F1-score are prioritized, (3) the Z-score normalization can generally improve the accuracy and precision of all types of training sets, (4) the modified hyperbolic tangent normalization can generally improve the recall of all types of training sets, (5) the min-max normalization can generally improve the accuracy and F1-score of all types of training sets, and (6) the selection of the normalization techniques and the training set types depends on the key performance measure for the dataset.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25204. Normální hodnoty Nového testu libosti pachů u zdravé populace
- Creator:
- Brothánková, Pavlína and Vodička, Jan
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- pachy, vůně, čich--fyziologie, olfaktometrie, statistika jako téma, poruchy čichu--diagnóza, mladiství, dospělí, staří, staří nad 80 let, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, lidé středního věku, and mladý dospělý
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Cíl: Vyšetření čichu Novým testem libosti pachů (New Test of Odor Pleasantness; NTOP) umožňuje hodnocení chemosenzorické percepce v klinické praxi. Výhodou je možné použití i u pacientů s kognitivním deficitem a u dětských pacientů. Cílem studie bylo stanovit normální (fyziologické) hodnoty NTOP u zdravé populace. Soubor a metodika: Vyšetřeno bylo 236 zdravých osob ve věkovém rozmezí od 16 do 93 let. Nový test libosti pachů obsahuje 29 výrazně hédonicky zabarvených pachových látek a tři látky s výraznou trigeminovou složkou. Vyšetřovaný měl po přičichnutí označit ze čtyř možností nejpřiléhavější pro danou pachovou látku: voní, neutrální, zapáchá a výrazně zapáchá (nebo dráždí). Na základě nejčetnějších odpovědí osob kontrolní skupiny ve věkovém rozmezí 16–35 let bylo nastaveno bodové hodnocení. Výsledky NTOP byly porovnány se standardizovanými testy subjektivní olfaktometrie OMT (Odourized Markers Test) a Sniffin’ Sticks (část identifikace). Výsledky: V Novém testu libosti pachů byl medián bodového zisku kontrolní skupiny 20 bodů, ve skupině 36–55 let 19,5 bodu a ve skupině > 56 let 17 bodů. Za nejnižší ještě normální bodový zisk byl stanoven 10. percentil kontrolní skupiny, který byl 16 bodů. Hodnota mediánu v souboru klesá s věkem. Statisticky významný pokles je patrný především po 56. roce věku. Závěry: Nový test libosti pachů vykazuje obdobnou charakteristiku jako standardně užívané testy subjektivní olfaktometrie. Současně však test přináší jinou informaci o čichových schopnostech osob. Normální hodnoty zdravé populace jsou klíčové pro posouzení čichu Novým testem libosti pachů v klinické praxi., Objective: Olfactory test of odor pleasantness may prove to be additions to comprehensive chemosensory test batteries used in clinical settings. The goal of our work was to establish normative data of the New Test of Odor Pleasantness (NTOP). Methods: A total of 236 healthy participants aged 16 to 93 years were included in the study. NTOP is based on classification of 29 odorants and three chemicals with trigeminal component. The participants were asked to categorize the hedonic tone of the odorant into four classes: pleasant, neutral, unpleasant, and fetid (very unpleasant). The normative data were determined based on results of persons of 16 to 35 years old. The NTOP was compared with two standard tests – Odourized Markers Test (OMT) and Sniffin’ Sticks (identification). Results: Median of the NTOP was of 20 in group of age 16–35 years, 19.5 in group of age 36–55 years and 17 in group of > 56. Tenth percentile of the age group 16–35 was 16 points, which is considered as lowest normal points scored. The median numbers of points decreases with age. There is statistically significant decrease in the olfactory capability with increasing age (> 56 years old). Conclusion: NTOP has a similar characteristics as the standard tests of subjective (psychophysical) olfactometry. At the same time the test give us information different from other olfactory tests. The goal of study was to determine the normal value the NTOP of healthy persons in Czech population. Key words: olfaction – odour pleasantness – subjective olfactometry – normative date The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and P. Brothánková, J. Vodička
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25205. Normativní studie testu Reyovy‑Osterriethovy komplexní figury v populaci českých seniorů
- Creator:
- Drozdová, Kristýna, Štěpánková, Hana, Lukavský, Jiří, Bezdíček, Ondřej, and Kopeček, Miloslav
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- neuropsychologické testy--normy, krátkodobá paměť, psychomotorický výkon--fyziologie, časové faktory, paměť, zraková percepce, sběr dat, statistika jako téma, vnímání prostoru, stupeň vzdělání, staří, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, lidé středního věku, and klinické zkoušky jako téma
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Cíl: Test Reyovy‑Osterriethovy komplexní figury (ROCFT) patří k široce užívaným neuropsychologickým metodám zaměřeným na vizuální paměť a zrakově‑konstrukční schopnosti. Je považován za test citlivý k časným projevům různých kognitivních poruch. Cílem předkládané práce je připravit normativní data k testu ROCFT pro českou populaci vyššího věku. Soubor a metodika: Soubor 455 osob (250 žen a 205 mužů) starších 60 let, které splnily kritéria pro zařazení, byl vyšetřen neuropsychologickou baterií v rámci Národní normativní studie kognitivních determinant zdravého stárnutí. Sledovány byly vlivy věku, pohlaví a vzdělání na výkon v testu. ROCFT byl administrován v adaptaci podle Meyerse a Meyersové (1995). Výsledky: Výkon v ROCFT klesá ve všech testových proměnných s věkem. Prokázali jsme dále signifikantní vztahy mezi výkonem a pohlavím či vzděláním ve všech podmínkách ROCFT (v kopii, reprodukci po 3 a 30 min i rekognici). Výkony v jednotlivých podmínkách testu mezi sebou významně korelují. Závěry: Na základě regresního modelu jsme připravili rovnice k výpočtu T skórů pro všechny testové proměnné ROCFT. Vytvořené normy jsou demograficky korigovány s ohledem na věk, pohlaví a vzdělání pro české dospělé starší 60 let., Aim: The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) is a widely used measure of memory functioning and visuoconstructive abilities. It is considered to be a sensitive diagnostic tool for the evolution of cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study was to determine the normative values for the ROCFT in a population of older Czech adults. Sample and methods: A sample of 455 subjects (250 women and 205 men) above 60 years of age fulfilled the inclusion criteria and was assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests as part of National Normative Study of Cognitive Determinants of Healthy Ageing. We examined the effect of age, gender, and education level on the test performance. The ROCFT used in this study was developed by Meyers and Meyers (1995). Results: Our analyses revealed a significant age-related decline in ROCFT performance and significant relationships between gender and education in all ROCFT measures (copy, reproduction after 3 and 30 min and recognition trial). Moreover, the performance correlated significantly across all test measures. Conclusions: Based on regression models, we provide the reader with equations to calculate T scores for all ROCFT measures. Furthermore, normative data corrected for age, education and gender are available for healthy adults over a 60 years of age. Key words: Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test – normative data – healthy older adults – visual memory The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and K. Drozdová, H. Štěpánková, J. Lukavský, O. Bezdíček, M. Kopeček
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25206. Normocapnic high frequency oscillatory hyperventilation increases oxygenation in pigs
- Creator:
- Karel Roubík, Jan Pachl, and Vladimír Zábrodský
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, hyperventilation, normocapnia, oxygenation, high frequency ventilation, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), contrary to conventional ventilation, enables a safe increase in tidal volume (VT) without endangering alveoli by volutrauma or barotrauma. The aim of the study is to introduce the concept of normocapnic high frequency oscillatory hyperventilation and to assess its effect upon oxygen gain under experiment al conditions. Laboratory pigs (n=9) were investigated under total intravenous anesthesia in three phases. Phase 1: Initial volume controlled HFOV period. Phase 2 : Hyperventilation - VT was increased by (46 ± 12) % when compared to normocapnic VT during phase 1. All other ventilatory parameters were unchanged. A significant increase in PaO 2 (by 3.75 ± 0.52 kPa, p<0.001) and decrease in PaCO 2 (by -2.05 ± 0.31 kPa, p<0.001) were obtained. Phase 3: Normocapnia during hyperventilation was achiev ed by an iterative increase in the CO 2 fraction in the inspiratory gas by a CO2 admixture. All ventilatory parameters were unchanged. A significant increase in PaO2 (by 3.79 ± 0.73 kPa, p<0.001), similar to that which was observed in phase 2, was preserved in phase 3 whereas normocapnia was fully re-established. The concept of high frequency normocapnic hyperventilation offers a lung protective strategy that significantly improves oxygenation whilst preserving normocapnia., K. Roubík, J. Pachl, V. Zábrodský., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25207. Normocapnic high-frequency oscillatory ventilation affects differently extrapulmonary and pulmonary forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults
- Creator:
- Pachl , J., Roubík, K., Waldauf, P., Fric, M., and Zábrodský , V.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- High-frequency ventilation, High-frequency oscillation, ARDS, Hypoxemic index, and Mechanical ventilation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The recently reported differences between pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDSp, ARDSexp) are the main reasons of scientific discussion on potential differences in the effects of current ventilatory strategies. The aim of this study is to assess whether the presence of ARDSp or ARDSexp can differently affect the beneficial effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) upon physiological and clinical parameters. Thirty adults fulfilling the ARDS criteria were indicated for HFOV in case of failure of conventional ventilation strategy. According to the ARDS type, each patient was included either in the group of patients with ARDSpor ARDSexp. Six hours after normocapnic HFOV introduction, there was no significant increase in PaO 2/FIO2 in ARDSpgroup (from 129±47 to 133±50 Torr), but a significant improvement was found in ARDSexp (from 114±54 to 200±65 Torr, p<0.01). Despite the insignificant difference in the latest mean airway pressure (MAP) on conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) between both groups, initial optimal continuous distension pressure (CDP) for the best PaO2/FIO2 during HFOV was 2.0±0.6 kPa in ARDSp and 2.8±0.6 kPa in ARDS exp (p<0.01). HFOV recruits and thus it is more effective in ARDSexp. ARDS exp patients require higher CDP levels than ARDSp patients. The testing period for positive effect of HFOV is recommended not to be longer than 24 hours.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25208. North against South: Transalpine styles vs. Italian classic style in the Architecture of Historicism using the examples of Villas, Churches and National Houses /
- Creator:
- Galeta, Jan,
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Architektura, architektura, historismus, vztahy česko-italské, vztahy česko-německé, české země 1848-1918, and dějiny vědy, umění, kultury a techniky, kulturní vztahy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Sever proti jihu: Zaalpské styly versus italská klasika v architektuře historismu na příkladu vil, kostelů a národních domů.
- Rights:
- unknown
25209. North Arabia through Musil's Telescope /
- Creator:
- Al-Rasheed, Madawi,
- Subject:
- Musil, Alois,, orientalisté, cestovatelé, cestopisy, cestovatelé, Československo 1918-1938, and dějiny věd o neslovanských oblastech
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
25210. Northern geometrid forest pests (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) hatch at lower temperatures than their southern conspecifics: Implications of climate change
- Creator:
- Fält-Nardmann, Julia, Klemola, Tero, Roth, Mechthild, Ruohomäki, Kai, and Saikkonen, Kari
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, píďalkovití, klimatické změny, líhnutí, fenologie, butterflies, Geometridae, climate changes, hatching, phenology, Evropa severní, Europe, Northern, Lepidoptera, Epirrita autumnata, Erannis defoliaria, Operophtera brumata, photoperiod, synchrony, temperature sum, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Climate change may facilitate shifts in the ranges and the spread of insect pests, but a warming climate may also affect herbivorous insects adversely if it disrupts the locally adapted synchrony between the phenology of insects and that of their host plant. The ability of a pest species to colonize new areas depends on its ability to adjust the timing of phenological events in its life cycle, particularly at high latitudes where there is marked seasonality in temperature and day length. Here we incubated eggs of three species of geometrid moth, Epirrita autumnata, Operophtera brumata and Erannis defoliaria from different geographical populations (E. autumnata and O. brumata from Northern Finland, E. autumnata and E. defoliaria from Southern Finland and all three species from Germany) in a climate chamber at a constant temperature to determine the relative importance of geographic origin in the timing of egg hatch measured in terms of cumulative temperature sums (degree days above 5°C, DD5); i.e. the relative importance of local adaptation versus phenotypic plasticity in the timing of egg hatch. In all three species, eggs from northern populations required a significantly lower temperature sum for hatching than eggs from southern populations, but the differences between them in temperature sum requirements varied considerably among species, with the differences being largest for the earliest hatching and northernmost species, E. autumnata, and smallest for the southern, late-hatching E. defoliaria. In addition, the difference in hatch timing between the E. autumnata eggs from Southern Finland and Germany was many times greater than the difference between the two Finnish populations of E. autumnata, despite the fact that the geographical distances between these populations is similar. We discuss how these differences in hatching time may be explained by the differences in hatch-budburst synchrony and its importance for different moth species and populations. We also briefly reflect on the significance of photoperiod, which is not affected by climate change. It is a controller that works parallel or in addition to temperature sum both for egg hatch in moths and bud burst of their host plants., Julia Fält-Nardmann, Tero Klemola, Mechthild Roth, Kai Ruohomäki, Kari Saikkonen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public