Thirty-two specimens of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti (Reptilia: Crocodylidae), from the Kruger National Park, South Africa, and its vicinity were examined for pentastomid parasites during 1995 to 1999 and 2010 to 2011. Pentastomid parasites occurred throughout the year and were widespread in the study area with an overall prevalence of 97% and an overall mean abundance of 23.4 (0-81). Pentastome assemblages comprised six species in three sebekid genera: Alofia nilotici Riley et Huchzermeyer, 1995, A. simpsoni Riley, 1994, Leiperia cincinnalis Sambon, 1922, Sebekia cesarisi Giglioli in Sambon, 1922, S. minor (Wedl, 1861) and S. okavangoensis Riley et Huchzermeyer, 1995. The possible influence of host age, gender and geographic location (river system) on pentastome prevalence, abundance and species richness was investigated. Generally, neither host age, gender nor locality did affect infracommunities, likely because all hosts examined were adult or subadult and displayed comparable foraging behaviour, resulting in similar exposure pathways to fish intermediate hosts. Additionally, the longevity of pentastomids would contribute to accumulative infections as hosts mature. Structuring of pentastome assemblages was observed in as far as S. minor was the dominant species based on overall prevalence and abundance, followed by the equally common species S. cesarisi and L. cincinnalis. With an overall prevalence ranging from 34% to 41% and relatively low abundances, A. nilotici, A. simpsoni and S. okavangoensis form the rarer component of pentastome communities., Kerstin Junker, Frikkie Calitz, Danny Govender, Boris R. Krasnov, Joop Boomker., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Pentoxifylline pretreatment protects rat gastric mucosa against indomethacin-induced damage. Lipid peroxidation after indomethacin treatment (determined as thiobarbituric acid reactants) was significantly reduced by a single dose of pentoxifylline. The same was true for pentoxifylline administration for 6 days. There is a relationship between reduced lipid peroxidation, decreased number of circulating activated neutrophils and diminished disposition for acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by indomethacin in pentoxifylline-pretreated rats.
Příspěvek je věnován problematice bezdomovců a žebráků. Podává základní informace o této sociální kategorii lidí zjevně chudých, žijících na okraji majoritní společnosti a vyznačujících se svým specifickým způsobem života. Jen dobře informovaný člověk je schopný pochopit složitou problematiku vzájemné tolerance a rovnosti všech lidí bez biologických a kulturních rozdílů (projevy rasismu, náboženské nesnášenlivosti, xenofobie a intolerance), včetně nezbytné péče o zdravotně postižené a sociálně znevýhodněné skupiny obyvatelstva. Povinností každého jedince, který chce žít v humánní společnosti, je snažit se svým způsobem a možností pomáhat znevýhodněným spoluobčanům v jejich životě, k možnosti navrácení do stylu života majoritní společnosti. Nutností je i šíření empatie k těmto skupinám lidí, kteří se ne vlastní vinou často dostanou do těžké životní situace. Každý z nás si musí být vědom toho, že hranice mezi úspěchem, životním naplněním či nezdarem je křehká., The article is devoted to problem of homeless people and beggars. This is focused on basic information about it as a social category of evidently poor people, living at the edge of majority society, which are characterized by specific way of their life. Each of us must be aware that the line between success and fulfilling life is fragile. It is the duty of every individual who wants to live in human society, seeking their own way, opting to help disadvantaged fellow citizens in their lives, the possibility of return to the lifestyle of the majority society. Only well-informed individual is able to understand the complex issues of mutual tolerance and equality for all people without biological and cultural differences (racism, religious intolerance, xenophobia and intolerance), including the necessary care for the disabled and socially disadvantaged groups., Jaroslava Pavelková, and Literatura