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30032. Post-conflict reconstruction in central Mozambique: The case of the Maringué district
- Creator:
- Jelínek, Petr
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Mozambique and conflict
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The author explains special features of the post-conflict reconstruction process in the central Mozambican Maringué district due to the presence of the RENAMO rebels´ main base during the Mozambican armed connflict. Although the estate has gradually increased its presence in the district since the removal of the RENAMO-nominated district administrator in 1997, the situation in the district remains precarious. The state´s authority is challenged by the continuing presence of a group of RENAMO fighters at their former base. Many essential state functions (including tax collection) depend on cooperation with traditional authorities.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30033. Post-critical behavior of a simple non-linear system in a cross-wind
- Creator:
- Náprstek, Jiří and Pospíšil, Stanislav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- limit cycles, dynamic stabilty, post-critical effects, and non-linear dynamics
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Many theoretical models of slender prismatic beams in a cross-wind have been developed during last decades. They mostly follow various types of the linear approach. Therefore their applicability is very limited especially for prediction of the system post-critical behavior. The subject considered in this paper represents a part of a complex theoretical background of the general nonlinear model which would enable fo predict any system reaction in the pre- and post-critical domain. In particular, the aeroelastic self-induced oscillaton of a mechanical system with generalized single degree of freedom (SDOF) is discussed. The motion is described by an ordinary differential equation of Duffing type with special generalized aero-elastic damping of Van der Pol type. A new semi-analytical approach is introduced to identify the limit cycles both stable and unstable. The latter are not possible to be identified by means of experiments nor by the numerical integration. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30034. Post-cyclic transmission in Acanthocephalus tumescens (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae)
- Creator:
- Rauque, Carlos A., Semenas, Liliana G., and Viozzi, Gustavo P.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- post-cyclic transmission, Acanthocephalus tumescens, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Galaxias maculatus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to investigate the post-cyclic transmission of Acanthocephalus tumescens (von Linstow, 1896) from Galaxias maculatus Jenyns to Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Wild G. maculatus naturally infected with A. tumescens were fed to cultured rainbow trout, which were sacrificed at the second, third and fourth weeks post infection. Normally attached male and female acanthocephalans were recovered alive from the intestine of rainbow trout. Parasites survive at least four weeks post infection, growing and attaining full sexual maturity. Prevalence and mean intensity generally decreased after infection. A. tumescens is the eighth acanthocephalan species in which post-cyclic transmission has been proven.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30035. Post-cyclic transmission in Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala)
- Creator:
- Kennedy, Clive R.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- transmission, post-cyclic, and Pomphorhynchus laevis
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to investigate the possibility of post-cyclic transmission in Pomphorhynchus laevis (Muller, 1776). Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) were exposed to P. laevis in naturally infected Coitus gobio Linnaeus, Noemacheiius barhalulus (Linnaeus), Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus) and heuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus) and sacrificed one month alter infection. Post-cyclic transmission was possible from all four species even though they came from three families and differed in respect of their status and suitability as hosts of P. laevis. There was no selection for or against cither sex of P. laevis, parasites grew in the rainbows and they occupied the same, normal site in the intestine of rainbows irrespective of source host. Post-cyclic transmission of gravid parasites could occur from C. gobio but not from L. cephalus. It is believed that this failure to transmit larger parasites of either sex reflects the age and so development of the proboscis bulb of P. laevis and the extent of the host encapsulation response rather than size or stage of maturity per se. Post-cyclic transmission has the potential to be important in nature.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30036. Post-dispersal seed predation of woody forest species limits recolonization of forest plantations of ex-arable land
- Creator:
- Bruun, Hans Henrik, Valtinat, Karin, Kollmann, Johannes, and Brunet, Jörg
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- deciduous forest, dispersal ability, forest restoration, habitat limitation, land-use history, and species richness
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Reforestation of ex-arable land in temperate regions increases the area of potential habitat for forest plants. However, the herbaceous plant layer of these plantations contains fewer forest species than comparable plantations at continuously forested sites. One of the reasons for this might be differences in recruitment. The present study addresses post-dispersal seed predation, mainly of woody plants, as the factor limiting the recolonization of young oak plantations in southern Sweden. Our objectives were to investigate differences in dispersal and post-dispersal seed predation between first-generation forest plantations on ex-arable land and re-planted clear-cuts on continuously forested land. Therewas no recruitment following the experimental sowing of six commonwoody species (Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Frangula alnus, Sambucus nigra, Sorbus aucuparia and Sorbus intermedia). Thus, the colonization of forest plantations by native shrubs and trees appears to be habitat-limited; the only exception being Rhamnus catharticus, for which poor dispersal ability may be more important. Post-dispersal seed predation of forest shrubs and trees was marked, especially in relatively small and isolated plantations on ex-arable land. There was a high seed predation of Crataegus monogyna, Sorbus aucuparia and Viburnum opulus on ex-arable land, while that of Frangula alnus and Sambucus racemosa was not associated with site placement and landuse history. Seed predation is probably a more important factor limiting restoration of near-natural forests than previously thought.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
30037. Post-embryonic development of Camallanus cotti (Nematoda: Camallanidae), with emphasis on growth of some taxonomically important somatic characters
- Creator:
- Levsen, Arne and Berland, Bjørn
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, Camallanus cotti, post-embryonic development, post-maturational growth, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this paper, the quantitative post-embryonic development of the Asian freshwater fish nematode Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927, is described. Larval and adult morphometrics were obtained by following the parasite's life cycle experimentally using copepods Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine) as intermediate host and guppies Poecilia reticulata (Peters), southern platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther) and paradise fish Macropodus opercularis (L.) as definitive host. Additionally, adult worms were obtained from heavily infected paradise fish imported from Singapore. It is suggested that the gradual change in proportions of the worm's somatic body parts reflects the specific ecological role of each developmental stage. The free-living infective first-stage larva seems to be adapted for transmission, as indicated by its relatively long tail, designed to generate host-attracting movements, and its non-functional intestine. The second- and third-stage larvae from the copepod intermediate host seem mainly to invest in trophic functionality, i.e., the development of the buccal capsule and the oesophagus, which are crucial structures for the worm's successful establishment in the definitive fish host. Once in the fish intestine, the larvae enter a period of considerable growth. After the fourth (i.e., last) moult, a 72% increase in average female body length occurs. This is accompanied by doubling the average vulva-tail tip distance and the average tail length. The length of the female hind body expands in an accelerating allometric fashion, and seems to be closely linked to the posterior-wards expansion of the uterus. In the males however, growth seems to cease after the final moult. We conclude that female post-maturational body size, but especially the length of the hind body and the tail, are closely related to reproductive state, i.e., the developmental stage of the offspring in the uterus, and, probably, the worms' age. Any future taxonomical studies of camallanids in general, and C. cotti in particular, should thus be aware of the reproductive state of the females used.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30038. Post-exercise changes of beta hydroxybutyrate as a predictor of weight changes
- Creator:
- Martin Matoulek, Šárka Svobodová, Renata Větrovská, Zuzana Stránská, and Štěpán Svačina
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, obezita, obesity, physical activity, beta hydroxybutyrate, fat mass, weight reduction, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim was to find the differences in ketogenesis initiation in the early period after the exercise in obese patients and to find if these changes may predict the weig ht loss during the physical activity program. 96 females were enrolled. A clamped heart rate test (CHR) was performed to establish comparable exercise intensity. Blood samples for beta hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) assessment were collected prior, immediately after and 60 min after the test. Patients underwent a three month fitness program. Anthropometric measurements (fat mass and biochemical parameters) were measured. An energy intake was monitored and comparable in all subjects. A significant increase of BOHB was found in 60 th minute after the test, when compared with initiation levels (BOHB1 vs. BOHB3; p=0.03). This increase correlates with % fat mass (R=0.196; p=0.02) and negatively with age (R= –0.147; p=0.05) and with weight reduction during the three-month program (R= -0.299; p=0.03). Serum BOHB increase after the single exercise may detect individuals with an ability to induce lipolysis in three-month program of physical activity for obese patients., M. Matoulek, S. Svobododova, R. Vetrovska, Z. Stranska, S. Svačina., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30039. Post-Exercise Decrease of Plasma Hyaluronan: Increased Clearance or Diminished Production?
- Creator:
- Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay, Mekonen, W., Rössler, A., Schwaberger, G., Lamprecht, M., and Hofmann, P.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- H. G. Hinghofer-Szalkay, W. Mekonen, A. Rössler, G. Schwaberger, M. Lamprecht, P. Hofmann. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30040. Post-Face(s) :
- Creator:
- Szende, Katalin G.,
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Dějiny zemí střední Evropy, města raně novověká, kultura vizuální, urbanismus, světové dějiny středověku (do r. 1492), světové dějiny 1492-1648, architektura, architekti, and města, obce
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown