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30072. Postižení nervového systému z nutriční nedostatečnosti po bariatrických operacích
- Creator:
- Kadaňka, Zdeněk
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- nemoci nervového systému--etiologie--terapie, bariatrická chirurgie, nutriční terapie--využití, pooperační komplikace--etiologie--terapie, polyneuropatie--terapie, žaludeční bypass--metody, příznaky a symptomy, žaludek--chirurgie, vitaminy, elektromyografie, obezita--chirurgie, klinické laboratorní techniky, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Nutriční nedostatečnost je zřídka příčinou polyneuropatie či jiných poruch nervového systému ve vyspělých zemích. Pokud se vyskytuje, tak obvykle u alkoholiků a u špatně živených osob (psychopatie, vyšší věk, nemoci gastrointestinálního traktu, extrémní diety). Paradoxem v těchto zemích je skutečnost, že k poruchám z nedostatku z výživy dochází u lidí, kteří původně trpí nadvýživou. Tu si léčí různými postupy, které mají výživu snížit. Mezi ně patří řada bariatrických chirurgických zákroků, jejichž cílem je snížit množství kalorií přijatých do těla. S tím současně dojde někdy k nepředvídatelné nerovnováze a nedostatku příjmu živin nutných k normální funkci nervového systému. Počet bariatrických zákroků ve světě rychle vzrůstá, i když pomaleji, než narůstá obezita. Jejich častou komplikací bývají polyneuropatie, plexopatie, radikulopatie, myelopatie, encefalopatie a optická neuropatie, které vznikají jak časně, tak i několik let či desítek let po zákroku. Etiologie těchto poruch zůstává nejasná, nejvíce je obviňován nedostatek vitaminů (thiamin, E, B12), poruchy glykemie a nedostatek mědi. Řada faktorů však zůstává skrytých a suplementace předpokládaných chybějících složek průběh někdy neovlivní. Mohla by se rovněž podílet změněná imunita a zánět. Jako rizikové faktory vzniku nervových komplikací se uvádějí celková ztráta tělesné hmotnosti, gastrointestinální potíže, pokles albuminu a transferinu a rehospitalizace pro komplikace zákroku. Jako preventivní i léčebné opatření se doporučují u nemocných po bariatrickém zákroku především pravidelné návštěvy nutričního centra., In developed countries, nutritional deficiency only rarely causes polyneuropathy or other disorders of the nervous system. When it does occur, it appears in alcoholics or in the malnourished – people with long-term psychiatric disorders, with gastro-intestinal system disorders or on extreme diets. Paradoxically, certain initially obese patients may become malnourished. Pathological obesity is addressed in various ways, with the shared target of restricting food intake. Bariatric surgery is one of the options. However, such a profound diminution of nutrition may induce unpredictable imbalance or insufficiency in nutrients important for normal functioning of the nervous system. The number of bariatric operations is steadily increasing, both in the Czech Republic and elsewhere; in the USA, they already outnumbered cholecystectomies. Complications associated with bariatric surgery include polyneuropathy, plexopathy, radiculopathy, myelopathy, encephalopathy and optic neuropathy, all of which may appear both early as well as many years later. The aetiology of these disorders remains unclear, although vitamin insufficiency (thiamine, B12, E), copper deficiency and hypoglycaemia are often held responsible. However, many factors remain hidden and supplementation of the “missing” factors sometimes fails to affect the course of the disease. Damage to the immune system or inflammation may contribute to the aetiology. Weight loss, gastro-intestinal complaints, albumin and transferrin decrease and rehospitalisation for digestive symptoms are considered risk factors. Regular post-surgical monitoring in nutrition centres together with specific treatment of complications is recommended., and Z. Kadaňka
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30073. Postmating sexual selection in house sparrows
- Creator:
- Hoi, Herbert, Václav, Radovan, and Slobodová, Dušana
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- paternal care, nest building, suxual selection, house sparrows, and breeding success
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recently, several studies suggested that in species with biparental care, male parental effort (for instance in terms of nest building) serves as a sexual signal to females. In this study on free-living house sparrows Passer domesticus, we investigated how male contribution to parental care varies between breeding stages and whether early parental care of a male reflects his paternal effort in later stages. We found that nest building was performed predominantly by males. However, hatching success was not related to male participation in nest building or early nest guarding. The contribution of males to incubation and chick brooding was lower than in females. Investment in chick feeding did not differ between partners, but varied considerably between males. Only the male effort in chick feeding was related to the number of young at fledging age, suggesting that male assistance is essential to maximise reproductive success in house sparrows. Except for the positive correlation between male nest building and male incubation during egg laying, we found no relationship between early (nest building and nest guarding) and later paternal effort (late incubation, brooding and provisioning rates). Consequently, intensity of male nest building and early nest guarding do not seem to be honest indicators of later paternal effort in the house sparrow. Instead, we speculate that high early paternal effort might be a strategy of some males to manipulate the reproductive effort of their partners.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
30074. Postmodernism and history /
- Creator:
- Thompson, Willie,
- Type:
- text and monografie
- Subject:
- Historická věda. Pomocné vědy historické. Archivnictví, historiografie, postmodernismus, and historiografie, vědecké projekty
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
30075. Postmodernism and history /
- Creator:
- Thompson, Willie,
- Type:
- text and monografie
- Subject:
- Historická věda. Pomocné vědy historické. Archivnictví, historiografie, postmodernismus, and historiografie, vědecké projekty
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
30076. Postmodernism for Historians /
- Creator:
- Brown, Callum G.,
- Type:
- text and monografie
- Subject:
- Historická věda. Pomocné vědy historické. Archivnictví, historiografie, postmodernismus, and historiografie, vědecké projekty
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
30077. Postmodernism of Resistance in Central Europe: Pavel Vilikovský's Večne je zelený.. /
- Creator:
- Beasley-Murray, Timothy
- Subject:
- Vilikovský, Pavel,, literatura slovenská, spisovatelé, Československo 1945-1992, and literatura, spisovatelé
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
30078. Postmodernismus v umění a literatuře :
- Type:
- text and sborníky
- Subject:
- Literatura. Literární život, sborníky konferenční, konference mezinárodní, dějiny literatury, literatura, dějiny umění, and české (československé) sborníky a kolektivní monografie
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- 200 výt. and Část. anglický text, anglická resumé
- Rights:
- unknown
30079. Postnatal alteration of monocarboxylate transporter 1 expression in the rat corpus callosum
- Creator:
- Dong, F., Liu, Y., Zhang, Z., Guo, R., Ma, L., Qu, X., Yu, H., Fan, H., and Yao, R.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, MCT1, corpus callosum, oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, rat, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In the central nervous system (CNS), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) is expressed in astrocytes and endothelial cells but also in oligodendroglia. Oligodendroglia support neurons and axons through lactate transportation by MCT1. Limited information is available on the MCT1 expression changes in candidate cells in the developing rat brain, especially in corpus callosum which is the most vulnerable area in demyelinating diseases. In the present study, we investigated the expression pattern of MCT1 during postnatal development in the rat corpus callosum using immunofluorescene staining, Western blotting analysis and RT-PCR. We reported that MCT1 gene and protein were consistently expressed in the rat corpus callosum from birth to adult. MCT1/CNPase and MCT1/GFAP immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that most of MCT1 positive cells were co-labeled with cyclic nucleotide 3′ phosphodiesterase (CNPase) in rat corpus callosum from P7 to adult, whereas MCT1+/GFAP+ cells preserve the dominate position before P7. Moreover, there were significant associations between the expression of MCT1 protein and the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) (correlation coefficient: r=0.962, P=0.009) from P7 to adult. Similarly, the MCT1 mRNA expression was also significantly associated with MBP mRNA expression (r=0.976, P=0.005). Our results are proposing that in the developing brain white matter, MCT1 is predominately expressed in oligodendrocyte though it mainly expressed in astrocyte in early postnatal, which indicate that MCT1 may involve in the oligodendrocyte development and myelination., F. Dong, Y. Liu, Z. Zhang, R. Guo, L. Ma, X. Qu, H. Yu, H. Fan, R. Yao., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30080. Postnatal development of energy metabolism in the rat brain
- Creator:
- Martin Kalous, Hana Rauchová, and Zdeněk Drahota
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, energetický metabolismus, cytochromy, energy metabolism, cytochromes, brain mitochondria, cytochrome c oxidase, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The activities of cytochrome c oxidase and FoF1-ATPase as well as the content of cytochromes cc1, aa3, and b were investigated in free brain mitochondria in the course of postnatal development and aging. The results show an increase of Vmax of both enzymes during postnatal development (between day 5 and 30). During the following phase ending at the age of 6 months, a decrease of FoF1-ATPase and cytochrome c oxidase activity occurs. From 6 to 12 months of age the activity of these enzymes did not change. The KM for both enzymes remained unchanged during the whole period observed. The content of cytochromes increased from the low values found in young rats, reached the highest values at around one month, and decreased till the age of 3 months. Later, their content in brain mitochondria did not markedly change. Our results suggest that the metabolic maturation of brain mitochondria differs in several aspects from the same process in other tissues, mainly in the time course. This is probably due to the unique role of neural tissue in the organism., M. Kalous, H. Rauchová, Z. Drahota., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public