For any ordinal $\lambda $ of uncountable cofinality, a $\lambda $-tree is a tree $T$ of height $\lambda $ such that $|T_{\alpha }|<{\rm cf}(\lambda )$ for each $\alpha <\lambda $, where $T_{\alpha }=\{x\in T\colon {\rm ht}(x)=\alpha \}$. In this note we get a Pressing Down Lemma for $\lambda $-trees and discuss some of its applications. We show that if $\eta $ is an uncountable ordinal and $T$ is a Hausdorff tree of height $\eta $ such that $|T_{\alpha }|\leq \omega $ for each $\alpha <\eta $, then the tree $T$ is collectionwise Hausdorff if and only if for each antichain $C\subset T$ and for each limit ordinal $\alpha \leq \eta $ with ${\rm cf}(\alpha )>\omega $, $\{{\rm ht}(c)\colon c\in C\} \cap \alpha $ is not stationary in $\alpha $. In the last part of this note, we investigate some properties of $\kappa $-trees, $\kappa $-Suslin trees and almost $\kappa $-Suslin trees, where $\kappa $ is an uncountable regular cardinal.
Increasing hemodynamic load during early postnatal development leads to rapid growth of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, which is associated with membrane phospholipid (PL) remodeling characterized by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) accumulation. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of additional workload imposed early after birth when ventricular myocytes are still able to proliferate. Male Wistar rats were subjected to abdominal aortic constriction (AC) at postnatal day 2. Concentrations of PL and their fatty acid (FA) profiles in the LV were analyzed in AC, sham-operated (SO) and intact animals on postnatal days 2 (intact only), 5 and 10. AC resulted in LV enlargement by 22 % and 67 % at days 5 and 10, respectively, compared with age-matched SO littermates. Concentrations of phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin decreased in AC myocardium, albeit with different time course and extent. The main effect of AC on FA remodeling consisted in the accumulation of n-3 PUFA in PL. The most striking effect of AC on FA composition was observed in phosphatidylinositol and cardiolipin. We conclude that excess workload imposed by AC inhibited the normal postnatal increase of PL concentration while further potentiating the accumulation of n-3 PUFA as an adaptive response of the developing myocardium to accelerated growth., F. Novák, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The pulse pressure (PP) is proportional to the preceding interval (T) because of the restitution of contractility and the Starling mechanism, and is inversely proportional to the pre-preceding interval (T-l) because of potentiation of contractility. The aim of the present paper was to find if this relationship can be used for diagnostic purposes. Blood pressure was noninvasively and continuously recorded for 3 minutes (Pen^z method), in 26 healthy subjects, in 13 patients with congestive heart failure (NYHA I,II) and sinusoidal rhythms and in 21 patients with atrial fibrillations. By means of multidimensional regression analysis the coefficient D[T] and D[T-1] were calculated in each subject. D[T] expresses the relative role of the preceding, D[T-1] of the pre-preceding interval. The correlation between PP and T was small in subjects with sinusoidal rhythms. Subjects with particular correlation coefficients between PP and T-l higher than 0.5 were used for further analysis (18 controls, 7 patients). The difference between D[T-1] in controls (0.30 ± 0.20) and in patients (0.48 ± 0.19) was significant (Wilcoxon P<0.05). In subjects with atrial fibrillations both D[T] and D[T-1] were higher in decompensated patients (Wilcoxon P<0.05). The ratio D[T]/D[T-1] was higher in patients with mitral stenosis than in patients with ischaemic heart disease (t-test, P<0.05). The test can be usefully employed as a screening test in medical practice.
Cíl: Stanovení fetálního hemoglobinu (HbF) je důležité pro diagnostiku hemoglobinopatií a jiných onemocnění. Cílem naší práce bylo zhodnotit možnost presumptivního stanovení HbF v modu pro stanovení glykovaného hemoglobinu (HbA1c) na automatickém HPLC analyzátoru Tosoh HLC-723 G7. Materiál a metody: K analýze HbF v modu pro stanovení HbA1c bylo použito 63 vzorků nesrážlivé krve. Vzorky byly rozděleny do 3 skupin: 1. skupina (n = 24), HbF v intervalu 1–2 % z celkového hemoglobinu (Hb); 2. skupina (n = 21), HbF v intervalu 2–5 % z celkového Hb; 3. skupina (n = 18), HbF > 5 % z celkového Hb. U těchto vzorků byl zároveň kvantifikován HbF v thalasemickém modu stejného přístroje. Výsledky: Hodnoty HbF mezi 1–2 % spolu nekorelovaly (r = 0,241). Naopak byla nalezena korelace hodnot mezi 2–5 % (r = 0,825; p < 0,001), stejně tak jako hodnot HbF > 5 % (r = 0,889; p < 0,001). Klinický význam mají především hodnoty patologické, tedy hodnoty HbF větší než 2 % z celkového Hb. Takové hodnoty stanovené v modu pro analýzu glykovaného hemoglobinu je možno pokládat za správné. Naopak hodnoty HbF pod 2 % z celkového Hb stanovené v modu pro glykovaný hemoglobin nejsou analyticky správné. Závěr: Závěrem je možné konstatovat, že analytický mod pro stanovení glykovaného hemoglobinu na analyzátoru Tosoh HLC-723 G7 je možné použít také pro presumptivní kombinované HPLC stanovení fetálního hemoglobinu., Objective: Measurement of foetal hemoglobin (HbF) has an important clinical value in the diagnosis as well as in characterization of some Hb structural variants and other hemoglobinopathies. We evaluated presumptive HbF quantification in analytical mode for glycated hemogobin (HbA1c) on Tosoh HLC-723 G7 analyser. Material and Methods: We analysed 63 blood samples and quantified HbF by mode for glycated hemoglobin. The samples were sorted to 3 groups according HbF values: group 1 (n = 24) included HbF values 1–2 % of total hemoglobin (Hb), group 2 (n = 21) included HbF values 2–5 % of total Hb, and group 3 (n = 18) included HbF > 5 % of total Hb. We simultaneously measured HbF in all samples in mode for β-thalassemia determination on the same analyser. Results: The HbF values between 1–2 % obtained by glycated mode did not correlated with results by β-thalassemia mode (r = 0.241). The both HbF values between 2–5 % and HbF values > 5 % of total Hb correlated acceptable with results by β-thalassemia mode (r = 0.825 and 0.889 respectively; p < 0.001). Only pathological HbF values higher than 2 % of total Hb have the clinical significance. These values measured by mode for HbA1c determination is possible to take as correct. On the contrary, all HbF values lower then 2 % of total Hb, measured by mode for HbA1c determination, are not reliable. Conclusion: We conclude that analytical mode for HbA1c determination is also suitable to use for presumptive combined HbF quantification on Tosoh HLC-723 G7 analyser., Jiří Kukačka, E. Klapková, Richard Průša, and Lit. 7