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30762. Prevention of chronic renal diseases
- Creator:
- Alushi, Fejzi and Thereska, Nestor
- Format:
- braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
- Subject:
- nemoci ledvin--diagnóza--epidemiologie--etiologie--prevence a kontrola, rizikové faktory, příznaky a symptomy, pyelonefritida, uremie, stupeň závažnosti nemoci, močové ústrojí--patologie, ženské pohlaví, lidé, and mužské pohlaví
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- It is easier to prevent a disease than to cure it. This postulate is a foundation stone of the contemporary medicine, furthermore its mission. The Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD), amongst them the Chronic Pyelonephrites (CP) and the mass kidney reduction take an important place in human pathologies in general, and in particular in renal ones. The Chronic Pyelonephrites are chronic renal pathologies, which on one side are of various causes and on the other side are multi systemic. At the same time they tend, earlier or later, depending on their course, to bring the patient towards the Chronic Kidney Insufficiency in stage of uremia, consequently in need of substitution therapies e.g. dialysis, peritoneum dialysis or transplant. It is worthy to emphasize that from the prevention and correct cure of CP make profit the patients, the family, the state and in the last analyses the entire society, because in that way the budget expense destined for the fore going substitution cures, dialysis, peritoneum dialysis or transplant, is considerably reduced. The same should be mentioned in relation to the CP and the mass kidney reduction, speaking about our country, which are still at the first place as the very cause of Chronic Kidney Insufficiencies (CRI), later on advancing toward uremia and terminal uremia along with its grave consequences. In general the very foundation of the CP is on the infections of urinary roads, in particular on the complicated ones, among them it should be mentioned-congenital kidney anomalies, renal calculosis so much present in our country, and pathologies of segment or vesical-ureteral reflux, and rarely the pathologies of prostate., Fejzi Alushi, Nestor Thereska, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30763. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: the Georgian experience
- Creator:
- Tsertsvadze, Tengiz
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30764. Preventive administration of GS imunostim as a protection against acute respiratory infections
- Creator:
- Staněk, Jiří
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30765. Preventive and therapeutic application of molecular hydrogen in situations with excessive production of free radicals
- Creator:
- Ján Slezák, Kura, B., Frimmel, K., Zálešák, M., Ravingerová, T., Viczenczová, C., Ľudmila Okruhlicová, and Narcisa Tribulová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, kardiovaskulární systém, oxidační stres, záněty, apoptóza, genová exprese, cardiovascular system, oxidative stress, inflammations, apoptosis, gene expression, oxygen and nitrogen free radicals, molecular hydrogen, protection, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Excessive production of oxygen free radicals has been regarded as a causative common denominator of many pathological processes in the animal kingdom. Hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals represent the major cause of the destruction of biomolecules either by a direct reaction or by triggering a chain reaction of free radicals. Scavenging of free radicals may act preventively or therapeutically. A number of substances that preferentially react with free radicals can serve as scavengers, thus increasing the internal capacity/activity of endogenous antioxidants and protecting cells and tissues against oxidative damage. Molecular hydrogen (H2) reacts with strong oxidants, such as hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals, in the cells, that enables utilization of its potential for preventive and therapeutic applications. H2 rapidly diffuses into tissues and cells without affecting metabolic redox reactions and signaling reactive species. H2 reduces oxidative stress also by regulating gene expression, and functions as an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent. There is a growing body of evidence based on the results of animal experiments and clinical observations that H2 may represent an effective antioxidant for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases. Application of molecular hydrogen in situations with excessive production of free radicals, in particular, hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals is relatively simple and effective, therefore, it deserves special attention., J. Slezák, B. Kura, K. Frimmel, M. Zálešák, T. Ravingerová, C. Viczenczová, Ľ. Okruhlicová, N. Tribulová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30766. Preventive effect of L-carnitine on the disorder of lipid metabolism and circadian clock of mice subjected to chronic jet-lag
- Creator:
- Xie, Xiaoxian, Guo, Anqi, Wu, Tao, Hu, Qinglian, Huang, Liangfeng, Yao, Cencen, Zhao, Binggong, Zhang, Wanjing, Chi, Bingbing, Lu, Ping, Zhao, Zhenzhen, and Fu, Zhengwei
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- chronic jet-lag, circadian clock, L-Carnitine, lipid metabolism, and mice
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Circadian clock plays an essential role in orchestrating daily physiology, and its disruption can evoke metabolic diseases such as obesity. L-Carnitine can reduce blood lipid levels, and ameliorate fatty liver through regulating lipid metabolism. However, whether L-Carnitine administration may affect the disturbance of lipid metabolism and circadian rhythm of mice induced by prolonged circadian disruption is still unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of L-Carnitine on conditions of circadian clock and lipid metabolism through a chronic jet-lag mice model which was developed by reversing 12 h light/12 h dark cycle every 4 days for a continuous 12 weeks. Results showed that L-Carnitine administration significantly decreased levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and triglycerides (TG), which were remarkably elevated by chronic jet-lag. More importantly, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that L-Carnitine supplementation would effectively counteract the negative alterations in gene expression which related to lipid metabolism (Srebp1, Acaca, Fasn, and Scd1), metabolic regulator (mTOR) and circadian rhythm (Bmal1 , Per1, Cry1 and Dec1 ) in the liver of mice subjected to the chronic jet-lag. As a conclusion, L-Carnitine was partly effective in preventing the disruption of circadian clock and lipid metabolic disorders induced by the chronic jet-lag.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30767. Preventivní dozor v systému ochrany veřejného zdraví v České republice: význam a zkušenosti
- Creator:
- Procházková, Pavla, Kučerová, Jana, and Valenta, Vladimír
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, vystavení vlivu životního prostředí--prevence a kontrola, ochrana veřejného zdraví--metody, životní prostředí a veřejné zdravotnictví, hygiena prostředí--metody--zákonodárství a právo, životní prostředí - monitorování, sociální plánování, bydlení--normy, hodnocení rizik, orgán ochrany veřejného zdraví, preventivní zdravotní dozor, and komunální hygiena
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Preventivní dozor v činnosti orgánu ochrany veřejného zdraví představuje jeden z nejdůležitějších nástrojů k ochraně, podpoře a ovlivnění veřejného zdraví v České republice. Vývojem metodik se do jeho popředí dostalo hodnocení zdravotních rizik. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je stručné shrnutí možností krajských hygienických stanic při preventivním dozoru s konkrétním výčtem aktuálních kauz., Preventive inspection is one of the most important tools used in public health protection and promotion in the Czech Republic. Evaluation of health risks has been facilitated by the development of new methodologies. The objective of the article is a short summary of the possibilities of Regional Public Health Authorities illustrated via some examples of recent cases in the field of preventive inspection., and Pavla Procházková, Jana Kučerová, Vladimír Valenta
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30768. Preventivní strategie v přípravě lékařů
- Creator:
- Králová, Jaroslava, Hansmanová, Lenka, and Papeš, Zdeněk
- Format:
- 102-106
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, interaktivní tutorial, and TEXT
- Subject:
- vzdělávání odborné--metody--normy--organizace a řízení, studium lékařství--metody--organizace a řízení--trendy, akademický sbor lékařské fakulty, psychologie sociální, role lékaře--dějiny--psychologie, kurikulum--normy--trendy, pracovní uspokojení, kvalita života, výzkumný projekt, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Společenské změny ovlivňují výkon lékařské profese. Lékaři tlaky na změny statusu vnímají a vyžadují, aby školy ve svých studijních programech tyto změny akceptovaly. Projekt EU „Systém psychosociální prevence pro studenty všeobecného lékařství“ realizovaný v rámci LF UP v Olomouci, na tyto výzvy reaguje. Staví na informacích získaných výzkumnými šetřeními realizovanými v letech 2003 – 2008 s cílem zjistit názory studentů na to, jak je studium vybavuje pro lékařskou profesi, jejich představy o obsahu role lékaře a jejich obavy ve vztahu s nástupem do zaměstnání. V rámci projektu bylo vytvořeno a ověřeno pět vzdělávacích modulů vztahující se k psychosociálním preventivním strategiím podporujícím zvýšení kvality života v roli lékaře., Social changes have a great influence on the medical profession.The doctors fell the impulses for changes of the status and demand that the medical schools would incorporate these changes into their studying programmes. The EU project called „ The system of psychosocial prevention for the general medicine students that was carried out at LF UP Olomouc does react to these appeals. It is based on the information that were gained through a research carried out in the years 2003 – 2008 with the aim to find out opinions of the medical students about how the studies prepares them for the duty of their profession, their ideas about the role of the doctor and their worries about starting the profession.Withing the framework of this project there were created and verified five educational models that are connected to the psychosocial preventive strategies supporting the increase of the quality of life in the role of a doctor., Jaroslava Králová, Lenka Hansmanová, Zdeněk Papeš, and Lit.: 22
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30769. Prey composition of the little owl Athene noctua in an arid zone (Egypt, Syria, Iran)
- Creator:
- Obuch, Ján and Krištín, Anton
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- diet, Athene noctua, desert, Middle East, and Mediterranean
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The little owl is the only owl whose pellets were found in extreme desert conditions. Pellets were collected at 34 roosting sites in Egypt, Syria and Iran in 1996–2002. Altogether 5 939 prey items identified in the food in these countries belonged to 4 classes, 14 orders, 42 families, 92 genera and about 180 species of invertebrates. Mammals included 36 species (9.7 %), birds 33 taxa (3.0 %), amphibians only 3 ind., but reptiles (4.3 %, Lacertidae, Agamidae and Gekkonidae) were more abundant than in European studies. Pellets from all countries contained abundant deserticolous species of mammals (genera Gerbillus, Meriones, Cricetulus, Allactaga), eudominant deserticolous tenebrionid beetles (i.e. Pimelia spp., Blaps) (16.4–26.8%, in total 19%), dominant coprophagous and deserticolous species of Scarabeidae (5.9–8.6%, in total 6.8%), grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera, 5.7–16.4%, in total 9.7%). Significant and characteristic components of food in these arid countries were poisonous sunspiders (Solifugae 4–11.4%), but also scorpions (Scorpionidea, 0.2–3.3%), neither being found in pellets from Europe, and earwigs (Dermaptera, 1.7–13.4%).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
30770. Prey preference and biomass consumption of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) fed Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
- Creator:
- Lykouressis, Dionyssios P. , Perdikis, Dionyssios C., and Gaspari, Maria D.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Miridae, Aphididae, aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, biological control, predation, prey preference, biomass consumption, mirid bug, and Macrolophus pygmaeus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The predation rate of the polyphagous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) when offered two aphid species, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), was investigated. Equal or unequal numbers of nymphs of each instar of the aphids were offered to the predator alone or together. Aphids were placed on an eggplant leaf, together with a fifth instar nymph of the predator in a plastic Petri dish and kept in growth cabinets at 25°C, 65 ± 5% r.h., and a 16L : 8D photoperiod. The predation rate of M. pygmaeus was always higher on M. persicae than on M. euphorbiae. However, biomass consumption was highest when instars of M. euphorbiae were offered in unequal numbers. The predator showed a strong preference and higher biomass consumption of first and second instar M. persicae. In tests where M. euphorbiae was the prey, preference and biomass consumption were almost always higher for the first instar. Therefore, first and second instar M. persicae and first instar M. euphorbiae provide optimal prey for M. pygmaeus. The implication of the prey preference shown by M. pygmaeus for the biological control of these two aphid species is discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public