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1. Daniel Boušek, Židovská pouť a poutní místa na Blízkém východě v hebrejské cestopisné literatuře 12.-16. století

Creator:
Eva Doležalová
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
12.-16. století, hebrejská literatura, náboženské poutě, poutní místa, Hebrew literature, religious pilgrimages, pilgrimage places, Blízký východ, Middle East, 5, and 26
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Eva Doležalová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2. Demokracie v politické kultuře Blízkého východu, Asie a Ruska =

Creator:
Věra Exnerová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, zprávy, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, demokracie, mezinárodní konference, politická kultura, democracy, political culture, international conferences, Blízký východ, Asie, Rusko, Middle East, Asia, Russia, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
On September 16, 2015 theOriental Institute of the CAS organized an international conference, which addressed the question of the meanings of democracy in the Middle East, Asia, and Russia and the role that democracy plays in the discourse of the political elites and non-state actors in these regions. The case studies at the conference described the situation in Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, China and Russia. Democracy plays a crucial role in the efforts of the Western world to promote peace and stability and maintain international security. However, in recent years, countries such as China and Russia have explicitly offered an alternative interpretation of democracy to the public, both domestically and internationally, one which builds on national, cultural and political traditions and contradicts the claims for universality common in theWest. Furthermore, non-universalistic discourses on democracy have become popular among diverse non-state actors, such as Islamicmovements, non-formal authorities, or civil society across the Middle East and Central Asia. These developments have important implications for both the efforts aimed at the promotion of democracy and for the advance of democracy in general. and Věra Exnerová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Egypt a Blízký východ v kramářských písních

Creator:
Klacek, Michal
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Folklor, Folklore, Národní muzeum (Praha, Česko)., Knihovna, 18.-19. století, národní muzea, muzejní knihovny, historické knihovní fondy, kramářské písně, kramářské tisky, Turci, muslimové, křesťané, války, stereotypy, national museums, museum libraries, historical book collections, broadside ballads, chapbooks, Turks, Muslims, Christians, wars, stereotypes, Egypt, Blízký východ, Middle East, National Museum Library in Prague, Near East, 1, and 398
Language:
Czech
Description:
The half-popular compositions traditionally referred to as broadside ballads are a specific type of source. Some of them reflect Biblical, legendary and historical events in Egypt and the Near East. Although the factual importance of such ballads in not great, they have some informative value, because their texts mirror the attitudes and opinions of the lower social classes, in this case clearly influenced by the antithesis of Christianity and Islam, or also Judaism. They show that the authors of broadside ballads kept alive deep-rooted stereotypes, mainly the stereotype of Turks as pagans and tyrants. and Michal Klacek.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Evidence for persistence and a major range extension of the smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli; Mustelidae, Carnivora) in Iraq

Creator:
Omer, Sawsan A., Wronski, Torsten, Alwash, Azzam, Elamin, Maha H., Mohammed, Osama B., and Lerp, Hannes
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Middle East, Tigris wetlands, Kurdistan, phylogenetic analysis, mitochondrial marker, and conservation status
Language:
English
Description:
The species IUCN conservation status of smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) is considered ‘Vulnerable’, due to an inferred future population decline caused by habitat loss and sustained exploitation. The status of the Arabian subspecies (L. p. maxwelli) occurring in the Tigris marshes of Iraq and Iran is uncertain due to political problems and limited access to this border region in recent years. With this study we could confirm the persistence of the smooth-coated otter in the marshlands of southern Iraq by using a mitochondrial marker (cytochrome b). Moreover, a second sample from Kurdistan was also identified to be L. perspicillata. This observation represents a major range extension of more than 500 km for this poorly known species. It is recommended to undertake further surveys of suitable habitat in the Tigris wetlands, as well as in Kurdistan, to obtain additional information on the distribution of smooth-coated otter in Iraq, and implement conservation measures in those areas.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Karyotypes of the mammals of Turkey and neighbouring regions: a review

Creator:
Arslan, Atilla and Zima, Jan
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
choromosomes, banding pattern, Balkan, Caucasus, Middle East, species, and taxonomy
Language:
English
Description:
Available data on karyotypes of the mammals from Turkey and neighbouring regions (the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Middle East) were summarized and reviewed in respect of their implications to taxonomy and systematics. In this review, previously unpublished data are presented in 20 species. Terrestrial mammals were taken into consideration, both the native and introduced. Altogether, 156 species occurring in the region concerned were included. The karyotype was studied in 109 of these species in Turkey, in most other species data are available from other geographic regions, and only three species remain unstudied cytogenetically. Intraspecific chromosomal variation (polymorphism or polytypy) was reported in 22 species. A karyotype different from the findings made in other regions was reported in Turkish populations of 17 species. Possible future directions of the cytogenetic investigations of mammals in the region are proposed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Perspektiven des Christentums im Mittleren Osten: Fallstudie zum historischen und heutigen Überlebenskampf der aramäischen Christinnen im Irak

Creator:
Kolo, Kamal Y. Odisho
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Middle East and Christianity
Language:
English
Description:
This contribution analyzes the status and life conditions to which the Aramaic Christians of Iraq, as well as the Iraqi Jews, were exposed to in Iraq; both groups being considered Dhimmis (Protected) by the Muslim majority of the country. It also comments on the temporary social emancipation instituted after the introduction of the civil rights law in 1959, a policy which continued through the 1970s, and on the marginalization strategies employed by the state authorities on members of the Christian community at school and in their daily life. The Aramaic Christian women in particular, due to an internal patriarchal code of behavior based on Christian tradition, were exposed to heavy oppression. The paper concludes by observing that in the years following the American invasion (2003), the threats to the existence of the religious minorities in Iraq were intensified to an even greater extent. The goal of uprooting the Christians in Iraq was pursued in an even more radical way than the persecution and expulsion of the Iraqi Jews in the period from 1941 to 1951.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

9. Prey composition of the little owl Athene noctua in an arid zone (Egypt, Syria, Iran)

Creator:
Obuch, Ján and Krištín, Anton
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
diet, Athene noctua, desert, Middle East, and Mediterranean
Language:
English
Description:
The little owl is the only owl whose pellets were found in extreme desert conditions. Pellets were collected at 34 roosting sites in Egypt, Syria and Iran in 1996–2002. Altogether 5 939 prey items identified in the food in these countries belonged to 4 classes, 14 orders, 42 families, 92 genera and about 180 species of invertebrates. Mammals included 36 species (9.7 %), birds 33 taxa (3.0 %), amphibians only 3 ind., but reptiles (4.3 %, Lacertidae, Agamidae and Gekkonidae) were more abundant than in European studies. Pellets from all countries contained abundant deserticolous species of mammals (genera Gerbillus, Meriones, Cricetulus, Allactaga), eudominant deserticolous tenebrionid beetles (i.e. Pimelia spp., Blaps) (16.4–26.8%, in total 19%), dominant coprophagous and deserticolous species of Scarabeidae (5.9–8.6%, in total 6.8%), grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera, 5.7–16.4%, in total 9.7%). Significant and characteristic components of food in these arid countries were poisonous sunspiders (Solifugae 4–11.4%), but also scorpions (Scorpionidea, 0.2–3.3%), neither being found in pellets from Europe, and earwigs (Dermaptera, 1.7–13.4%).
Rights:
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10. Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe

Creator:
Benda, Petr and Vallo, Peter
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
Triaenops parvus sp. nov., Paratriaenops gen. nov., Triaenopini trib. nov., morphological analysis, genetic analysis, cytochrome b, Middle East, Afrotropics, and Madagascar
Language:
English
Description:
The genus Triaenops has been considered monospecific in its a frican and Middle Eastern range (T. persicus), while three other species have been recognised as endemic to Madagascar (T. menamena, T. furculus, and T. auritus), and another to the western Seychelles (T. pauliani). We analysed representative samples of T. persicus from East Africa and the Middle East using both morphological and molecular genetics approaches and compared them with most of the available type material of species of this genus. Morphological comparisons revealed four distinct morphotypes in the set of examined specimens; one in Africa, the others in the Middle East. The Middle Eastern morphotypes differed mainly in size, while the allopatric African form showed differences in skull shape. Two of three Arabian morphotypes occur in sympatry. Cytochrome b gene-based molecular analysis revealed significant divergences (K2P distance 6.4–8.1% in complete cyt b sequence) among most of the morphotypes. Therefore, we propose a split of the current T. persicus rank into three species: T. afer in Africa, and T. persicus and T. parvus sp. nov. in the Middle east. The results of the molecular analysis also indicated relatively close proximity of the Malagasy T. menamena to Arabian T. persicus, suggesting a northern route of colonisation of Madagascar from populations from the Middle east or north-eastern Africa as a plausible alternative to presumed colonisation from east Africa. Due to a considerable genetic distance (21.6–26.2% in 731 bp sequence of cyt b) and substantial morphological differences from the continental forms of Triaenops as well as from Malagasy T. menamena, we propose generic status (Paratriaenops gen. nov.) for the group of Malagasy species, T. furculus, T. auritus, and T. pauliani. We separated the genera Triaenops and Paratriaenops gen. nov. from other hipposiderid bats into Triaenopini trib. nov. recognising their isolated position within the family Hipposideridae Lydekker, 1891.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/