Acute lung injury was induced by intravenous injection of 20 //I of a mixture of equivalent volumes of capronic acid, caprilic acid and olive oil in intact anaesthetized rats and in isolated perfused rat lung preparations. Lung injury in intact rats resulted in an increase in lung weight related to body weight and in a decrease in the lung dry/wet weight ratio. Lung compliance, measured in a body plethysmograph, was decreased. Pao2 decreased and Pac02 increased in 10 and 20 min, respectively, after the beginning of the experiment. Mean blood pressure in pulmonary artery increased immediately after the injection. Isolated rat lungs were perfused at constant flow with physiological saline solution containing bovine albumin and meclofenamate. The injection of a mixture of capronic acid, caprilic acid and olive oil increased the baseline perfusion pressure and led to a release of endothelial cells into the perfusate. The perfusion flow-pressure relationship was shifted upwards. Both the extrapolated pressure axis, intercept and slope of the plot were significantly elevated. The described experimental lung injury is a suitable model for studies on the effects of vascular wall damage and transvascular fluid leak in pulmonary vasculature.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the protective effect of combining N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and hyberbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment in the lung tissue during acute pancreatitis. Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups; Group I; Control group (n=12), Gr
oup II; pancreatitis group (n=12), Group III; pancreatitis +
NAC treatment group (n=12), Group IV; pancreatitis + HBO treatment group (n=12), Group V; pancreatitis + HBO + NAC treatment group (n=12). HBO was applied postoperatively for 5 days, twice a day at 2.5 fold absolute atmospheric pressure for 90 min. Lung tissue was obtained for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels along with histopathological tissue examinations. This study showed that all three treated groups (HBO alone, NAC alone
and combined HBO+NAC treatment) had pulmonary protective effects during acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
The respiratory system is constantly exposed to pathogens which enter the lungs by inhalation or via blood stream. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also named endotoxin, can reach the airspaces as the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and lead to local inflammation and systemic toxicity. LPS affects alveolar type II (ATII) cells an d pulmonary surfactant and although surfactant molecule has the effective protective mechanisms, excessive amount of LPS interacts with surfactant film and leads to its inactivation. From immunological point of view, surfactant specific proteins (SPs) SP-A and SP-D are best characterized, however, there is increasing evidence on the involvement of SP-B and SP-C and certain phospholipids in immune reactions. In animal models, the instillation of LPS to the respiratory system induces acute lung injury (ALI). It is of clinical importance that endotoxin-induced lung injury can be favorably influenced by intratracheal instillation of exogenous surfactant. The beneficial effect of this treatment was confirmed for both natural porcine and synthetic surfactants. It is believed that the surfactant preparations have anti-inflammatory properties through regulating cytokine production by inflammatory cells. The mechanism by which LPS interferes with ATII cells and surfactant layer, and its consequences are discussed below., M. Kolomaznik, Z. Nova, A. Calkovska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Pulse transit time (PTT), the interval between ventricular electrical activity and peripheral pulse wave, is assumed to be a surrogate marker for blood pressure (BP) changes. The objective of this study was to analyze PTT and its relation to BP during cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET). In 20 patients (mean age 51±18.4 years), ECG and finger-photoplethysmography were continuously recorded during routine CPETs. PTT was calculated for each R-wave in the ECG and the steepest slope of the corresponding upstroke in the plethysmogram. For each subject, linear and non-linear regression models were used to assess the relation between PTT and upper-arm oscillometric BP in 9 predefined measuring points including measurements at rest, during exercise and during recovery. Mean systolic BP (sBP) and PTT at rest were 128 mm Hg and 366 ms respectively, 197 mm Hg and 289 ms under maximum exercise, and 128 mm Hg and 371 ms during recovery. Linear regression showed a significant, strong negative correlation between PTT and sBP. The correlation between PTT and diastolic BP was rather weak. Bland-Altman plots of sBP values estimated by the regression functions revealed slightly better limits of agreements for the non-linear model (-10.9 to 10.9 mm Hg) than for the linear model (-13.2 to 13.1 mm Hg). These results indicate that PTT is a good potential surrogate measure for sBP during exercise and could easily be implemented in CPET as an additional parameter of cardiovascular reactivity. A non-linear approach might be more effective in estimating BP than linear regression., T. Wibmer, K. Doering, C. Kropf-Sanchen, S. Rüdiger, I. Blanta, K. M. Stoiber, W. Rottbauer, C. Schumann., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Neuropatická bolest vyvolaná drážděním míšního nervu je jedním z nejčastějších symptomů provázejících degenerativní nebo poúrazové stavy páteře. Terapie radikulární bolesti zahrnuje postupy farmakologické, rehabilitační, psychologické, minimálně invazivní a chirurgické. Pokud není indikována operace a konzervativní léčba selže, může být metodou volby radiofrekvenční léčba bolesti. Pulzní radiofrekvenční terapie je řazena mezi neuromodulační postupy, při nichž dochází k dočasným elektrofyziologickým změnám ve vedení bolesti následkem působení elektrického pole o vysoké frekvenci. Cílem této studie bylo ověřit úspěšnost pulzní radiofrekvence v léčbě radikulární bolesti. Na souboru 101 pacientů jsme prokázali významné snížení bolestí nejméně o 30 bodů dle vizuální analogové škály 30. a 180. den po léčbě u 74 (73,3 %), respektive 61 pacientů (60,4 %). Jedinou závažnou komplikací bylo mechanické poškození míšního kořene u nemocné s těžkou skoliózou páteře., Tomáš, Gabrhelík, P. Michálek, E. Berta, M. Adamus, M. Pieran, L. Doleček, and Lit.: 19