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28033. Unusual social calls of Nathusius´ pipistrelle (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) recorded outside the mating season

Creator:
Jahelková, Helena
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
Pipistrellus nathusii, vocalization, and modified calls
Language:
English
Description:
The advertisement calls of Nathusius’ pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii) show an unified structure: three main motifs which can be supplemented with additional two motifs especially during mating season. In May and June, a continuous social vocalization of quite unusual structure and composition was recorded apart from these standard calls. Most of these calls were designed in a long “wavy line” pattern with the peak frequency of 14–36 kHz, and were accompanied by standard or modified echolocation calls. In one case we succeeded to supplement the acoustic records with a complete record of behavioural details: two bats slowly flew and followed one another in a circular path in front of the roost, where they repeatedly performed false landings, and during approaching one of them emitted the unusual social calls. This behaviour lasted for about 40% of the whole-night activity. The possible meaning is discussed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

28035. Unwanted Silesia: Czech ''Silesian Identity'' in postwar Czechoslovakia (1945-1969)

Creator:
Knapík, Jiří and Jirásek, Zdeněk
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
historiography, North Moravian region, Silesia, and Petr Bezruč
Language:
English
Description:
The Czech ''Silesian identity'', obvious throughout the twentieth century, was based on a mixture of strong regional, even local, patriotism, which was determined by historical developments. This patriotism developed on the ethnically mixed territory of Czech Silesia (formerly Austrian Silesia). After the Second World War, this phenomenon was quickly revived, but unlike in the pre-war period, it took a clearly Czech national form. The territorial factor, by contrast, receded into the background. Behind this activity and new interpretation stood intellectual circles and institutions in Opava, some leading fi gures from Ostrava, and the Silesian Cultural Institute in Prague. In addition to cultural-educational activity, their efforts were concentratedon claiming some border areas of Polish and German Silesia as being historically Czech, and also on ensuring the distinctive administrative status of the territory of Silesia in Czechoslovakia, the seed of which they saw in the Ostrava branch of the Moravian National Committee (Zemský národní výbor) in Brno. During the Communist regime, according to the authors, the top state authorities showed an intentional lack of interest in the problems of Silesia when solving related economic and other questions. A consequence of this was a ''silencing of the offi cial sources'' about Silesia. In the 1950s, the ''Silesian-ness'' was condemned as a form of ''bourgeois nationalism'' and was identifi ed with the period of Czech-Polish national friction in the region. From the administrative point of view, Silesia was dissolved in the Ostrava area, later in the North Moravian Region, and was recalled practically only by artistic expressions of an ''Old Silesian-ness'', such as folklore and museum exhibitions. Silesian organizations and societies were, with few exceptions, dissolved or renamed and the newly established Silesian Research Institute in Opava had to orient its historical research chiefl y to the labour movement. The works of the poet Petr Bezruč (born Vladimír Vašek, 1867-1958) and his collection of verses, Slezské písně (Silesian Songs), presented a problem because of their questionable depiction of Silesian identity, and the publication of the complete collection led to disputes in cultural policy. The Ostrava-based arts and politics periodical Červený květ (Red Flower), which repeatedly included debates about regionalism, began to be published in the mid-1950s. At the end of the decade, however, the Communist Party launched a campaign against parochialism (lokálpatriotismus), which was refl ected also in the condemnation of publications seeking to exonerate the poems and ideas of Óndra Łysohorsky (born Ervín Goj, 1905-1989), who during the war promoted the theory of a ''Lach nation.'' In the 1960s, the local authorities and fi gures of Opava again began to emphasize the role of their town as a regional centre. During the Prague Spring of 1968, there were calls for the restoration of Silesian self-government, but that remained more or less limited to the Opava region, and consequently some ''Silesian'' cultural initiatives from this period were of greater importance.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

28036. Up-regulation of CD163 expression in subpopulations of blood monocytes after kidney allograft transplantation

Creator:
Čurnová, Lenka, Mezerová, Kristýna, Švachová, Veronika, Fialová, Martina, Novotný, Marek, Čečrdlová, Eva, Viklický, Ondřej, and Stříž, Ilja
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
transplantace ledvin, kidney transplantation, CD163, blood monocytes, subpopulations, acute rejection, CD14+CD16+, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
M2 macrophages expressing CD163 are known to suppress immune responses but have been also found in biopsies of patients with chronic kidney allograft injury associated with interstitial fibrosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of CD163 in blood monocytes, precursors of tissue macrophages, in kidney allograft recipients with uncomplicated outcome (n=94) compared with those developing acute rejection (n=44). Blood samples were collected before the transplantation and at 1 week, 1 month and 1 year. The expression of CD163 increased during the first week after the transplantation not only in classical (CD14+CD16- ) but also in intermediate (CD14+CD16+) and nonclassical (CD14lowCD16+) monocytes in all patients regardless of their rejection status. In patients developing acute rejection, higher pre-transplant expression of CD163 on blood monocytes was found. In vitro experiments confirmed strong induction of membrane CD163 on monocytes together with CD206 (an alternative marker of M2 macrophages) in response to IL-10. We assume from our data that dramatic upregulation of CD163 by peripheral blood monocytes may have a pathophysiological role in early phases after kidney allograft transplantation and high pre-transplant expression of CD163 on blood monocytes might be involved in events leading to acute rejection., Lenka Čurnová, Kristýna Mezerová, Veronika Švachová, Martina Fialová, Marek Novotný, Eva Čečrdlová, Ondřej Viklický, Ilja Stříž., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

28037. Update on the role of spinal cord TRPV1 receptors in pain modulation

Creator:
Spicarova, D., Nerandzic, V., and Jiří Paleček
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mícha, spinal cord, hyperalgesia, capsaicin, TRPV1, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The structure, expression and function of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor were intensively studied since the cloning in 1997 and TRPV1 receptors are now considered to act as transducers and molecular integrators of nociceptive stimuli in the periphery. In contrast, spinal TRPV1 receptors were studied less extensively and their role in pain modulation is still not fully understood. This short review is a follow up on our previous summary in this area ( Spicarova and Palecek 2008). The aim was to review preferentially the most recent findings concerning the role of the spinal TRPV1 receptors, published within the last five years. The update is given on the expression and function of the spinal TRPV1 receptors, their activation by endogenous agonists, interaction between the endocannabinoid and endovanillod system and possible role of the spinal TRPV1 receptors in pathological pain states. There is now mounting evidence that TRPV1 receptors may be an important element in modulation of nociceptive information at the spinal cord level and represent an interesting target for analgesic therapy., D. Spicarova, V. Nerandzic, J. Palecek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

28038. Updating Bayesian networks using crowds

Creator:
Sarma, H., Samaddar, A.B., Porzel, R., Smeddinck, J.D., and Malaka, R.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
CPT, Bayesian network, crowdsourcing, human computation, exercise instructions, collective intelligence, and automatic update
Language:
English
Description:
Physical exercise instruction sheets are difficult to understand. In general, considerable information is hidden in these types of instruction sheets, which also makes them difficult for machines to understand. Major missing information types include the source and destination location of a human movement. Here we present a Bayesian network to extract the implicit or missing information from typical exercise instruction sheets. We proposed two different kind of Bayesian networks which consists of three and four variables respectively. The network with three variable are designed to for single exercise instruction with single action or pose and the other one designed for single or multiple sentence with two actions or poses. The conditional probability table (CPT) is the backbone of the Bayesian network. At the start, the CPT is updated from our physical exercise instruction sheet corpus (PEISC). Keeping the Action and Bodypart fixed, we have developed our CPT using a unique approach, i.e., crowdsourcing, where we have developed a CPT update system using 13 different exercises consisting of 44 different exercise videos. Using this system based on the rating of a participant of the video the specific variable of that CPT is updated automatically in the Bayesian network. We also updated the Action variable, which consists of 14 different values (action verbs) using crowdsourcing with a human computation approach.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

28039. Uphill running excessive training increases gastrocnemius glycogen content in C57BL/6 mice

Creator:
Morais, G. P, Da Silva, A. S. R, De Freitas, E. C, Ferreira, G. N, Da Rocha, A, De Vicente, L. G, Oliveira, L. Da C, and Pinto, A. P
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Akt, AMPKα, Glycogen, Nonfunctional overreaching, PGC-1α, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The main aim of the present investigation was to verify the effects of three overtraining (OT) protocols performed in downhill (OTR/down), uphill (OTR/up) and without inclination (OTR) on the protein levels of Akt (Ser473), AMPKα (Thr172), PGC-1α, plasma membrane GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 as well as on the glycogen contents in mice gastrocnemius. A trained (TR) protocol was used as positive control. Rodents were divided into naïve (N, sedentary mice), control (CT, sedentary mice submitted to the performance evaluations), TR, OTR/down, OTR/up and OTR groups. At the end of the experimental protocols, gastrocnemius samples were removed and used for immunoblotting analysis as well as for glycogen measurements. There was no significant difference between the experimental groups for the protein levels of pAkt (Ser473), pAMPKα (Thr172), PGC-1α, plasma membrane GLUT-1 and GLUT-4. However, the OTR/up protocol exhibited higher contents of glycogen compared to the CT and TR groups. In summary, the OTR/up group increased the gastrocnemius glycogen content without significant changes of pAkt (Ser473), pAMPKα (Thr172), PGC-1α, plasma membrane GLUT-1 and GLUT-4., G. P. Morais, A. Da Rocha, A. P. Pinto, L. Da C. Oliveira, L. G. De Vicente, G. N. Ferreira, E. C. De Freitas, A. S. R. Da Silva., and Seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

28040. Uplatnění polarografie ve fyzikálněchemickém výzkumu

Creator:
Pospíšil, Lubomír
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Heyrovský, Jaroslav, 1890-1967, 20. století, polarografie, fyzici, chemici, physicists, chemists, Česko, Czechia, čeští fyzici, čeští chemici, 10, and 544
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Polarografická metoda umožňuje studium řady fyzikálněchemických problémů. Jsou uvedeny příklady z oblasti výzkumu struktury fázového rozhraní elektroda/roztok, adsorpce na povrchu elektrody, elektrochemického fotoefektu, fázových přechodů povrchových filmů, přenosu elektronu na molekulární vzdálenosti a oscilačních elektrochemických systémů., Polarography is a suitable method for solving numerous problems of physical chemistry. Examples from the following fields are given: structure of electrode/solution interfaces, adsorption on electrode surface, electrochemical photo-effect, phase transition of surface films, electron transfer over molecular distances, and electrochemical oscillating systems., Lubomír Pospíšil., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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