A Potamogeton hybrid found growing in the absence of parental species in a South Bohemian stream, Czech Republic, was subjected to molecular analyses to identify its exact identity. RFLP of the ITS region confirmed its previous morphological identification as P. natans × P. nodosus (= P. ×schreberi). A comparison of its RFLP pattern with those of P. gramineus, P. lucens and P. polygonifolius unambiguously excluded the possibility that the investigated plants are specimens of other similar hybrids (P. ×fluitans, P. ×sparganiifolius, P. ×gessnacensis). The discovery of P. ×schreberi in South Bohemia is the first record of this hybrid for the Czech Republic. So far, it is known only from five countries and the Czech clone is one of a few extant clones of this hybrid in Central Europe. Chloroplast DNA sequencing identified P. nodosus as the maternal parent although at present this species neither occurs at the locality, nor upstream, nor in the entire drainage basin. The other species, P. natans, only occurs downstream of the locality in isolated side pools in a former stream bed and fishponds in an adjacent drainage basin. The available data indicate that this hybrid has persisted vegetatively at this locality for some time in the absence of its parents.
The algebraic theory of quantum logics overlaps in places with certain areas of cybernetics, notably with the field of artificial intelligence (see, e. g., \cite{pp:book,wata}). Recently an effort has been exercised to advance with logics that possess a symmetric difference (\cite{matODL,MP1}) - with so called orthocomplemented difference lattices (ODLs). This paper further contributes to this effort. In \cite{matODL} the author constructs an ODL that is not set-representable. This example is quite elaborate. A main result of this paper somewhat economizes on this construction: There is an ODL with 3 generators that is not set-representable (and so the free ODL with 3 generators cannot be set-representable). The result is based on a specific technique of embedding orthomodular lattices into ODLs. The ODLs with 2 generators are always set-representable as we show by characterizing the free ODL with 2 generators - this ODL is MO3×24.
The microcirculation plays a crucial role in the interaction between blood and tissues both in physiological and pathophysiological states. Despite its critical role in numer ous diseases including diabetes, hypertension, sepsis or multiple organ failure, methods for direct visualization and quantitative assessm ent of human microcirculation at the bedside are limited. Orthogonal polarization spectral (OPS) imaging is a relatively new noninvasive method for assessment of human microcirculation without using fluorescent dyes. Recent clinical studies using OPS imaging in various pathological states have shown a wide spectrum of different clinical applications with evident impact on the diagnosis, treatment or prognosis assessment. Thus, there is a great effort to validate OPS imaging for various clinical purposes. The principles of OPS imaging, validation studies, its advantages, limitations, methods of quantitative assessment and current experience in clinical practice are discussed., V. Černý, Z. Turek, R. Pařízková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
In this paper we give a representation theorem for the orthogonally additive functionals on the space BV in terms of a non-linear integral of the Henstock-Kurzweil-Stieltjes type.
In the logico-algebraic foundation of quantum mechanics one often deals with the orthomodular lattices (OML) which enjoy state-separating properties of noncompatible pairs (see e.g. [18], [9] and [15]). These properties usually guarantee reasonable “richness” of the state space—an assumption needed in developing the theory of quantum logics. In this note we consider these classes of OMLs from the universal algebra standpoint, showing, as the main result, that these classes form quasivarieties. We also illustrate by examples that these classes may (and need not) be varieties. The results supplement the research carried on in 1], [3], [4], [5], [6], [11], [12], [13] and [16].
In this article we use a combination of neural networks with other techniques for the analysis of orthophotos. Our goal is to obtain results that can serve as a useful groundwork for interactive exploration of the terrain in detail. In our approach we split an aerial photo into a regular grid of segments and for each segment we detect a set of features. These features depict the segment from the viewpoint of a general image analysis (color, tint, etc.) as well as from the viewpoint of the shapes in the segment. We perform clustering based on the Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) and Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) methods and project the results using effective visualization techniques back to the aerial photo. The FCA as a tool allows users to be involved in the exploration of particular clusters by navigation in the space of clusters. In this article we also present two of our own computer systems that support the process of the validation of extracted features using a neural network and also the process of navigation in clusters. Despite the fact that in our approach we use only general properties of images, the results of our experiments demonstrate the usefulness of our approach and the potential for further development.
We investigate orthopteran communities in the natural landscape of the Russian Far East and compare the habitat requirements of the species with those of the same or closely related species found in the largely agricultural landscape of central Europe. The study area is the 1,200 km2 Lazovsky State Nature Reserve (Primorsky region, southern Russian Far East) 200 km east of Vladivostok in the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin Mountains (134°E/43°N). The abundance of Orthoptera was recorded in August and September 2001 based on the number present in 20 randomly placed 1 m2 quadrates per site. For each plot (i) the number of species of Orthoptera, (ii) absolute species abundance and (iii) fifteen environmental parameters characterising habitat structure and microclimate were recorded. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used first to determine whether the Orthoptera occur in ecologically coherent groups, and second, to assess their association with habitat characteristics. In addition, the number of species and individuals in natural and semi-natural habitats were compared using a t test. A total of 899 individuals of 31 different species were captured, with numbers ranging between 2 and 13 species per plot. Species diversity was higher in semi-natural habitats than natural habitats. There was a similar but non-significant pattern in species density. Ordination analysis indicated four orthopteran communities, which were clearly separable along a moisture and vegetation density gradient. The natural sites in the woodland area of the Lazovsky Zapovednik are characterized by species-poor and low-density orthopteran assemblages compared to the semi-natural sites. But, the natural sites have a higher diversity of habitat specialists. Our findings corroborate the hypothesis that intermediate habitat disturbance levels support particularly species-rich animal communities at high densities. Under such regimes, orthopterans presumably mostly profit from the high diversity in plant species, which generates great structural and microclimatic heterogeneity.
Základním předpokladem pro úspěšnou léčbu syndromu diabetické nohy je multidisciplinární spolupráce. V optimálním případě diagnostiku a léčbu řídí lékař v podiatrické ambulanci, který je i garantem efektivního využívání finančních prostředků. Obecnou obavou diabetiků je strach ze ztráty končetiny. Na základě mezioborové spolupráce lze v řadě případů zabránit velké amputaci nebo v případě její nutnosti zajistit protetickou a rehabilitační péči. Nové možnosti revaskularizace a spolupráce s antibiotickými centry zvyšují úspěšnost chirurgické léčby syndromu diabetické nohy. Operační výkony na diabetické noze dělíme na operace elektivní, profylaktické, léčebné a emergentní. Cílem elektivních výkonů je korekce deformit, které jsou rizikové pro vznik ulcerací. Operační postupy jsou shodné jako u nediabetiků. Z profylaktických výkonů provádíme rekonstrukční operace při Charcotově artropatii. Speciální operační postupy zahrnuje pojem superkonstrukce. Léčebné výkony pomáhají zhojit ulcerace při selhání konzervativní léčby. Typ výkonu plánujeme s ohledem na rozsah osteomyelitidy a na zásah do architektoniky nohy, abychom zabránili reulceraci. Emergentní výkony provádíme v případě akutní infekce. Základem úspěchu je radikální otevření všech postižených kompartmentů nohy s evakuací abscesů, dostatečná antibiotická léčba a revaskularizace., The basic prerequisite for the successful treatment of the diabetic foot is a multidisciplinary approach. Ideally, the diagnosis and treatment is managed by a podiatrist, who is also responsible for a cost-effective and well-managed setting. General concern of diabetics is the fear of losing a limb. On the basis of multidisciplinary approach is possible to prevent major amputations in many cases, or in case of them to ensure the prosthetic and rehabilitation care. New possibilities of revascularization and cooperation with antibiotic centers increase the success of surgical treatment of diabetic foot syndrome. Surgical procedures could be divided into four classes: elective, prophylactic, curative, emergent. The aim of elective operations is the correction of painful deformities that are at risk for the formation of ulcers. Surgical procedures are the same as in non-diabetics. Prophylactic procedures comprises reconstruction of Charcot foot. Special surgical procedures described the concept of “superconstruct”. Curative procedures help to heal ulcers when conservative treatment fails. Type of procedure is planned with regard of the extent of osteomyelitis and of the intervention in architectonics of the foot to prevent a recurrence of the ulcer. Emergent procedures are performed in case of acute infection. Radical revision of all affected compartments with evacuation of the abscesses, adequate antibiotic therapy and revascularization are essential., and Tomáš Kučera, Jaromír Šrot, Josef Roubal, Pavel Šponer
Oscillation and nonoscillation criteria for the higher order self-adjoint differential equation \[ (-1)^n(t^{\alpha }y^{(n)})^{(n)}+q(t)y=0 \qquad \mathrm{(*)}\] are established. In these criteria, equation $(*)$ is viewed as a perturbation of the conditionally oscillatory equation \[ (-1)^n(t^{\alpha }y^{(n)})^{(n)}- \frac{\mu _{n,\alpha }}{t^{2n-\alpha }}y=0, \] where $\mu _{n,\alpha }$ is the critical constant in conditional oscillation. Some open problems in the theory of conditionally oscillatory, even order, self-adjoint equations are also discussed.