The nature of clinical diagnosis for psychological disorders are quiet different and difficult than the diagnosis of a disease. Generally they are assessed by screening certain behavioral features shown by the human that makes the differential diagnosis as a challenging task with respect to accuracy. This diagnostic reasoning process again becomes error prone when there are improper, insufficient clinical data and lack of clinical expertise. Thus artificial intelligence based assistances in predicting and assessing psychological disorders have gained much interest. Artificial intelligence based techniques like neural network can simulate expertise for supporting decision making problems in any domain. Childhood autism is a neuro-psychiatric developmental disorder that impairs mainly three functional areas in a child: social, communication and behavior. This article demonstrates the application of a Possibilistic- Linear Vector Quantization (Po- LVQ) neural network for the preliminary screening and grading of childhood autistic disorder. The diagnostic system assesses the grades as: Normal, Mild-Moderate, Moderate-Severe, Severe. It is able to perform with an improved overall accuracy of 95% exactly agreeing to the diagnostic criteria. Results of other performance parameters are also good enough to support the existing works about the applicability of neural network in autism diagnosis. Hence this research proposes a Po-LVQ based assessment support system for the diagnostic confirmation in grading childhood autism, during uncertain diagnosis due to lack of expertise. This helps to reduce the frustration and lengthy delays experiences to parents before obtaining an accurate diagnostic result.
Elementary random events possibly favorable to a random event are defined as those elementary random events for which we are not able to prove or deduce, within the limited framework of a decision procedure being at our disposal, that they are not favorable to the random event in question. Under some conditions, probabilities of the sets of possibly favorable elementary random events induce uniquely a possibilistic measure on the system of all subsets of the universe of elementary random events under consideration. Moreover, each possibilistic measure defined on this power-set can be obtained, or at least approximated to the degree of precision a priori given, in this way. Some results concerning the combinations of decision systems and decision systems induced by random variables are introduced and proved.
During separations in both polar and nonpolar stationary phases of gas chromatographic columns, side alkylchains of n-alkylphenols and n-alkylbenzenes become cyclized. In the aromatic-quasi-alicyclic molecules that are thereby formed, the effect of van der Waals forces is thus increased. The increase involves not only intramolecularly but also intermolecularly acting effects and becomes significantly evident when propyl and higher substituents as butyl, pentyl and hexyl constitute the side alkyl chains. As a result, boiling points considerably increase (non-linearly) in the case of n-alkylphenols and n-alkylbenzenes with total number of carbons in the molecule higher than 9. This leads to divergence in the retention characteristics of the above-mentioned compounds, which can be observed in the dependence of relative retention times on the number of carbons. Cyclization of side alkyl chains in a stationary phase is a quite new phenomenon., Pavel Straka, Petr Buryan and Jana Náhunková., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This paper deals with subsidiary prosecution, which is an institute that is not known to the current Czech criminal trial, but its legislative embedment is considered in the future. Attention is paid in this context, among other things, to criminal-law relations, which are applied through criminal-trial relations, and to the right to efficient investigation which the aggrieved party (victim of the crime) has in relation to the state. The author admits, under certain conditions, the existence of subsidiary prosecution because it is a suitable form of how to check the principle of legality, as well as a suitable instrument against misuse of discretionary powers of the public prosecutor (in the systems built upon the principle of opportunity)., Jiří Mulák., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
An entirely new method of optical microscopy in transmitted light “Relief Contrast after Hostounsk ̆” or RCH, Lambda Ltd. Praha, Czech Republic, was used to study of integument surface replicas of reptiles (microrelief adhesive method after Wolf) as well as reptilian sloughts. This equipment provides a three-dimensional image of high contrast and resolution. Compared to microscopy without phase or interference contrast, RCH-microscopy makes it possible to evaluate a three-dimensional organization of microrelief on reptilian scales. Results obtained from these microscopical observations can be used for both ecological and taxonomical studies on animals.
Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for termination of excitatory transmission at cholinergic synapses by the hydrolyzing of a neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nowadays, other functions of acetylcholinesterase in the organism are considered, for example its role in regulation of apoptosis. Cholinergic nervous system as well as acetylcholinesterase activity is closely related to pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. The mostly used therapy of Alzheimer disease is based on enhancing cholinergic function using inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase like rivastigmine, donepezil or galantamine. These drugs can influence not only the acetylcholinesterase activity but also other processes in treated organism. The paper is aimed mainly on possibility of increased expression and protein level of acetylcholinesterase caused by the therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. and A. Kračmarová, L. Drtinová, M. Pohanka
Among the extant non-flying terrestrial mammals of the Mediterranean islands, we can find very few of the endemic elements that characterised the late Quaternary faunas. Instead, the existing faunas are almost exclusively dominated by continental taxa, as a rule regionally specific, related to species on the nearest mainland, and whose presence on the islands appears to be essentially related to human intervention. The legacy of this global reorganisation of the original ecological equilibrium brought about by man since prehistoric times raises considerable problems of conservation and management. First of all, in the vast majority of cases, it is impossible to reconstruct the natural ecosystems of the past, which have been degraded for millennia. However, this leaves the question of how to treat the anthropochorous mammalian populations of certified ancient origin. Several of them, in fact, represent invaluable historic documents. Frequently, they may also constitute the last survivors of continental populations which themselves vanished long ago. Their protection and their study can provide an opportunity for testing a range of different evolutionary theories, while also allowing them to be considered as an authentic “cultural heritage".