N. Christodoulakis and Y. Katsoulacos., Popsáno podle obálky, Pod názvem: Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education. Faculty of Social Sciences. Charles University, and Obsahuje bibliografii
On the one hand, Austrian social housing is stronger than ever due to the growing importance that social rental apartments play on the housing market. The volume, price, and quality standards of this housing are competitive with what is found in other sectors of the market and the social housing sector also helped to mitigate the effects of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). On the other hand, pressure on the rental housing market has increased because demand for cheap housing has grown more than supply. The social housing sector thus has to address the vital question of how to increase targeting on low-income households and vulnerable groups and at the same time to maintain social mix and public support. In this paper I argue that the sector, in spite of its strong position, is facing some common European challenges that will redefine its role in the future. Yet, the social housing sector is overburdened if expected to solve many problems that have arisen due to non-housing issues.
Cíl: Stanovit koncentrace pro-atriálního natriuretického peptidu (pro-ANP) u pacientů v sepsi, těžké sepsi a septickém šoku. Zjistit diagnostickou a prognostickou významnost tohoto parametru u uvedených diagnóz. Zjistit korelace pro-ANP s dalšími parametry – interleukinem-6 (IL-6), interleukinem-8 (IL-8), interleukinem-10 (IL-10), prokalcitoninem (PCT), lipopolysacharid vázajícím proteinem (LBP), a fyziologickým skóre – APACHE II a SOFA. Typ studie: Observační, prospektivní. Název a sídla pracovišť: Oddělení klinické biochemie, hematologie a imunologie, Nemocnice Na Homolce, Praha, Anesteziologicko-resuscitační klinika, Thomayerova nemocnice, Praha, Anesteziologicko-resuscitační oddělení, Nemocnice Na Homolce, Praha. Materiál a metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 28 nemocných přijatých na anesteziologicko-resuscitační oddělení splňujících kritéria sepse (n = 6), těžké sepse (n = 7) a septického šoku (n = 15). Imunoluminometrickou metodou byla u nich měřena do 24 hodin po splnění diagnostických kritérií koncentrace pro-atriálního natriuretického peptidu, společně s dalšími parametry – IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, PCT, LBP. Po prvním měření následovala v intervalu 2–4 dnů další měření po celou dobu hospitalizace na anesteziologicko-resuscitačním oddělení. Jako kontrolní skupina bylo vyšetřeno 12 vzorků zdravých lidí. Hodnotili jsme vztah pro-ANP k jednotlivým diagnózám, prognostickou významnost pro-ANP pro konečný klinický výsledek (přežití vs smrt). Koncentrace pro-ANP jsme korelovali s dvěma skórovacími systémy – APACHE II a SOFA. Výsledky: Nezjistili jsme statisticky významné rozdíly středních hodnot pro-ANP u jednotlivých diagnóz – sepse, těžké sepse a septického šoku (průměry: 636,7 pmol/l, 628,9 pmol/l, respektive 752,7 pmol/l; mediány: 378,8 pmol/l, 204 pmol/l, resp. 595 pmol/l). Koncentrace pro-ANP ve skupině přeživších v den přijetí se významně nelišila proti skupině zemřelých (medián 396,4 pmol/l, respektive 816,8 pmol/l, p = 0,077). Zjistili jsme statisticky významný rozdíl mezi první a poslední hodnotou pro-ANP ve skupině zemřelých (medián 816,8, respektive 1254,4 pmol/l, p = 0,01). Ve skupině přeživších tento rozdíl nebyl statisticky významný. Při hodnocení predikce konečného klinického výsledku (přežití vs smrt) ve vztahu ke koncentraci pro-ANP byla při hodnotě cutt off = 664 pmol/l (vstupní měření) senzitivita 41,7% a specificita 87,5%, plocha pod ROC křivkou byla 0,625. Při hodnotě cut-off = 503,4 pmol/l (poslední měření) byla senzitivita 83,3%, specificita 68,7%, plocha pod ROC křivkou byla 0,797. Zjistili jsme korelaci mezi hodnotami pro-ANP a klinickým skóre – APACHE II a SOFA ve skupině přeživších. Ve skupině zemřelých korelovala koncentrace pro-ANP pouze s APACHE II (r = 0,57, p < 0,0001). Korelaci jsme zjistili také ve skupině zemřelých mezi pro-ANP a prokalcitoninem. S dalšími měřenými parametry jsme korelaci pro-ANP neprokázali. Závěr: Neprokázali jsme statisticky významný rozdíl koncentrace pro-ANP ve vztahu k jednotlivým diagnózám – sepse, těžká sepse a septický šok. Koncentrace pro-ANP v den přijetí u přeživších se statisticky významně nelišila od skupiny zemřelých. Ve skupině zemřelých byla koncentrace pro-ANP v den přijetí statisticky významně nižší než poslední naměřená hodnota. Jsou nutné další studie k objasnění významnosti pro-ANP jako diagnostického a/nebo prognostického parametru u pacientů se sepsí, těžkou sepsí a septickým šokem., Objective: To evaluate the concentration of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) levels with these diagnoses. To assess the correlation of pro-ANP levels with those of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), procalcitonin (PCT), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and physiological scores – APACHE II and SOFA. Design: Observational, prospective. Setting: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Hospital Na Homolce, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Thomayer’s Hospital, Prague, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Na Homolce, Prague. Material and Methods: Serum concentrations of pro-ANP were determined using the immunoluminometric assay in 28 patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit for sepsis (6), severe sepsis (7), and septic shock (15). Pro-ANP levels as well as those of PCT, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and LBP were measured on day 1 and during the course of their stay at the intensive care unit. The diagnostic and prognostic value of pro-ANP was compared with that of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and SOFA score. Mid-regional pro- ANP was detected in serum using immunoluminometric assay (ILMA). Pro-ANP was also determined in 12 healthy adults.Results: No significant differences of pro-ANP levels were found in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (385.3 pmol/l, 209 pmol/l and 888 pmol/l, respectively). On the day of admission, pro-ANP levels were not significantly different in survivors compared to non-survivors (median 396.4 pmol/l and 816.8 pmol/l, respectively, p = 0.077). In the group of non-survivors pro-ANP levels on the day of admission were significantly lower than pro-ANP levels taken on the last day of their stay on ICU median 816.8 and 1254.4 pmol/l, respectively, p = 0.0108). In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for survival, the cut-off 664 pmol/l on the day of admission had a sensitivity of 41.7% and specificity of 87.5%. The area under the curve (AUC) for pro-ANP was 0.625. The cut-of value of 503.4 pmol/l on the last day of their stay was found to have a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 68.7%. The area under the curve was 0.797. We found the correlation between pro-ANP, SOFA and APACHE II score in survivors. In non-survivors only pro-ANP and APACHE II correlation was found. The correlation was determined between pro-ANP and procalcitonin in non- -survivors (r = 0.57, p < 0.0001). No correlation was found between pro-ANP and IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and LBP. Conclusion: We did not find statistically significant differences of pro-ANP levels in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Pro-ANP levels on the day of admission were not significantly different in survivors and non- -survivors. In the group of non-survivors pro-ANP levels on the day of admission were significantly lower than the last pro-ANP levels. Further studies are necessary for the evaluation of pro-ANP as a diagnostic and/or prognostic parameter in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock., Miroslav Průcha, Roman Zazula, L. Dubská, and Lit. 15
Inflammatory changes, both in the arterial wall and adipose tissue, play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. We measured the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in adipose tissue (AT) of living kidney donors (LKD) and patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry analyses were performed in subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT), and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Data of PAD patients showed significantly higher expression in VAT in all three genes (TNFα 5-fold, p<0.05; MCP-1 3.6-fold, p<0.05; IL-6 18.8-fold, p<0.001). The differences in PVAT and SAT were less significant. Total body pro-inflammatory status was documented by higher TNFα concentration in patients (4.86± 1.4 pg/ml) compared to LKDs (2.14±0.9 pg/ml; p<0.001), as was hsCRP (11.8±7.0 in PAD; 1.5±0.48 in LKDs; p=0.017). We found no age-dependent relationship between gene expression vs. TNFα and hsCRP concentrations in both compared groups. No effect of the atherosclerosis score on gene expression and circulating inflammatory markers within the PAD group was observed. Our results suggest that the AT of PAD patients infiltrated with macrophages produces more cytokines involved in the development of inflammation and atherosclerosis., S. Čejková, I. Králová Lesná, J. Froněk, L. Janoušek, A. Králová, J. Ždychová, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The classical result on singularities for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations says that the 1-dimensional Hausdorff measure of the set of singular points is zero. For a stochastic version of the equation, new results are proved. For statistically stationary solutions, at any given time t, with probability one the set of singular points is empty. The same result is true for a.e. initial condition with respect to a measure related to the stationary solution, and if the noise is sufficiently non degenerate the support of such measure is the full energy space.
We study a probabilistic generalization of Lowen's approach spaces. Such a probabilistic approach space is defined in terms of a probabilistic distance which assigns to a point and a subset a distance distribution function. We give a suitable axiom scheme and show that the resulting category is isomorphic to the category of left-continuous probabilistic topological convergence spaces and hence is a topological category. We further show that the category of Lowen's approach spaces is isomorphic to a simultaneously bireflective and bicoreflective subcategory and that the category of probabilistic quasi-metric spaces is isomorphic to a bicoreflective subcategory of the category of probabilistic approach spaces.
The pullout response of a short fiber embedded in matrix depends on both the bond between the two materials and on the inclination angle and embedded length of the fiber. Fibers placed and oriented randomly in 3D space bridge matrix cracks with certain inclination angles and embedded lengths. With a pullout law available in analytical form, a statistical description of the force per fiber depending on crack opening can be evaluated for a uniformly loaded crack bridge in a short fiber reinforced composite by integrating the powers of all possible fiber responses multiplied by their probabilities of occurrence. This information is utilized to probabilistically evaluate the crack bridging force by computing the sum of a random number of random contributions; the random number of contributions to be summed is the number of bridging fibers, and the independent random contributions are the single fiber responses. and Obsahuje seznam literatury