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32. Biologická liečba chronickej myelocytovej leukémie
- Creator:
- Tóthová, Elena and Kafková, Adriana
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- myeloidní leukemie--farmakoterapie--genetika--patofyziologie, chronická fáze myeloidní leukemie--farmakoterapie--genetika, chronická myeloidní leukemie--farmakoterapie--genetika, léková rezistence, protein-tyrosinkinasy--antagonisté a inhibitory--terapeutické užití, inhibitory proteinkinázy, antitumorózní látky--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, piperaziny--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, pyrimidiny--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, radioizotopy fluoru--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, thiazoly--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, mutace, prognóza, bcr-abl fúzové proteiny--genetika, rozvrh dávkování léků, imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Významný úspech liečby s inhibítormi tyrozínkinázy (TKI) u chorých s Philadelphia chromozóm (Ph) pozitívnou chronickou myelocytovou leukémiou (CML) dramaticky zmenil prognózu tohto ochorenia. Aj napriek tomu, že prvolíniová liečba CML použitím imatinibu znamená významný benefit pre väčšinu chorých, ukazuje sa, že 25–35 % pacientov potrebuje v priebehu 5 rokov zmenu liečby z dôvodu rezistencie alebo zlyhania liečby. Najčastejším mechanizmom zodpovedným za rezistenciu proti imatinibu u pacientov s CML je rozvoj mutácií v BCR-ABL kinázovej doméne. Tieto mutácie vyvolávajú rôznu mieru rezistencie proti imatinibu a zatiaľ čo niektoré z nich môžu reagovať na zvýšené dávky imatinibu, iné sú rezistentné proti nilotinibu a ďalšie vykazujú zvýšenú mieru rezistencie proti dasatinibu. Práca je prehľad liečebných možností v primárnej liečbe chronickej fázy CML a pri jej zlyhaní. Ukazuje sa, že pokroky v molekulových metódach umožňujú lepšie porozumieť podstatu choroby, zvážiť benefit a riziko terapie, individualizovať terapeutický prístup a prispôsobiť liečbu CML včas tak, aby sa minimalizovalo riziko progresie do akcelerovaných fáz., The phenomenal success of therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) – positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has dramatically changed the prognosis of this disease. Despite the fact that first-line therapy of CML using imatinib represents revolutionized the treatment of this disease, it became clear that during 5 years 25–35 % of the patients require change in the therapy due to the development of imatinib resistance or failure. The most frequent mechanism responsible for imatinib resistance is development of mutation in BCR-ABL kinase domain. Mutations cause different level of imatinib resistance and while some of them can be overcome by increased dose of imatinib, others seem to be resistant to nilotinib and others are more resistant to dasatinib. This review is focused on primary treatment and treatment after imatinib failure. It has been shown recently that advances in molecular methods enable to better understand disease itself, weight benefit to risk ratio of the therapy, individualize therapeutic approach and eventually adjust CML therapy earlier in order to minimize the risk of CML progression to accelerated phase. resistance, new drugs., Elena Tóthová, Adriana Kafková, and Literatura 28
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
33. Biologická liečba u seniorov
- Creator:
- Wagnerová, Mária
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, staří, staří nad 80 let, biologická terapie--metody--škodlivé účinky--trendy, nádory--farmakoterapie--terapie, kolorektální nádory--terapie, bronchogenní karcinom--farmakoterapie, nádory prsu--farmakoterapie, monoklonální protilátky, and protein-tyrosinkinasy--antagonisté a inhibitory
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Viac ako 50 % pacientov s malignitami je diagnostikovaných vo veku nad 65 rokov. Malígne ochorenia u seniorov predstavujú často náročné medicínske a psychosociálne problémy, ktoré ovplyvňujú možnosť optimálnej liečby. Títo pacienti bývajú často nedostatočne liečení. Navyše sú veľmi často vylúčení z účasti v klinických štúdiách, čo tiež neprispieva k náležitej stratégii liečby. Pre úspešne zvládnutie týchto ochorení je bezpodmienečne nutná náležitá stratégia a taktika liečby založená na znalosti rozsahu ochorenia, fyziologických rezerv, predpokladaného života pacientov, ale tiež analýzy nákladov a prínosu liečby., More than 50 % of cases of cancer are diagnosed in patients older than age 65. Elderly patients with cancer often present with medical and physiological challenges that make the selection of their optimal treatment daunting. Unfortunately as a result, these patients are often undertreated. Elderly are often excluded from participation in clinical trials and receive untested or inadeguate treatment. Targeted therapy, characterized by a low toxicity profile, are potential treatment option for elderly patients. The key of successful management is to define appropriate goals (cure or palliation) based on the natural history and extent of disease, physiology and life expectancy of the patients, and cost benefit ratio of treatment options., Mária Wagnerová, and Lit.: 34
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
34. Biologické a chemické zbrane – pripravenosť a odpoveď
- Creator:
- Rovný, Ivan
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, recenze, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech and Slovak
- Description:
- Prof. MUDr. Ivan Rovný, PhD., MPH
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
35. Biopsia kostnej drene pri myeloproliferatívnych neopláziách – potreba či prežitok?
- Creator:
- Marcinek, Juraj, Burjanivová, Tatiana, and Plank, Lukáš
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- financování organizované, lidé, leukemie myeloidní chronická atypická BCR-ABL-negativní--diagnóza--patologie, myeloproliferativní poruchy--diagnóza--patologie, primární myelofibróza--diagnóza--patologie, polycythemia vera--diagnóza--patologie, esenciální trombocytemie--diagnóza--patologie, diferenciální diagnóza, histologické techniky--využití, megakaryocyty--patologie, hematologie, biopsie--využití, kostní dřeň--patologie, and vyšetřování kostní dřeně
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Klasifikácia SZO (2008) je jediná celosvetovo akceptovaná a v praxi používaná klasifikácia nádorových ochorení kostnej drene (KD), ktorá definuje aj postavenie a význam biopsie KD v diagnostickom algoritme. Myeloproliferatívne neoplázie (MPN) tvoria pestrú skupinu ochorení s variabilne dynamickým rozvojom z počiatočných štádií, cez štádiá s plno rozvinutou klinicko-laboratórnou manifestáciou až do pokročilých štádií – fibrotickej, resp. blastovej transformácie, sprevádzaných zmenami morfológie a laboratórneho obrazu. V počiatočných štádiách je určenie typu MPN len na základe klinicko-laboratórnych údajov pre podobnosť ich klinickej manifestácie nespoľahlivé. Dôkaz pre MPN typických genetických mutácií potvrdzuje klonalitu ochorenia, ale jeho typizačný význam je limitovaný. Naopak, bioptické vyšetrenie KD v kontexte dostatočných klinických informácií, výsledkov laboratórnych vyšetrení a s podporou genetických vyšetrení umožňuje okrem potvrdenia MPN aj bližšiu typizáciu, ktorá je prognosticky relevantná a ovplyvňuje aj voľbu terapie. Zároveň umožňuje odlíšenie reaktívnych zmien hemopoézy, zhodnotenie prognosticky významných morfologických znakov (stupeň myelofibrózy, množstvo blastov) a sledovanie progresie ochorenia do fibrotickej, resp. blastovej transformácie. V týchto pokročilých štádiách a po terapii nie je však typizácia MPN len na základe morfológie KD možná. Výpovedná hodnota biopsie závisí od kvality a kvantity vzorky drene, hodnotenie morfológie KD závisí aj od vedomostí a skúseností vyšetrujúceho patológa., WHO classification (2008) is the only world-wide accepted and in routine praxis used classification of bone marrow (BM) neoplasms defining also the importance of BM biopsy within the diagnostic algorithm. Myeloproliferative neoplasias (MPN) represent a heterogenous group of disorders with variable dynamic transformational potential from initial into advanced stages such as blast crisis or myelofibrotic transformation. Because of similar manifestations, the typing of MPN in their initial stages based on clinical and laboratory parameters is not optimal. The finding of MPN-typical genetic mutations proves the disease clonality, but not a diagnosis of individual MPN types. In contrast, the BM biopsy verifies both the diagnosis and MPN type. It helps also to discriminate MPN from reactive hematopoietic changes, to evaluate prognostically relevant BM features (e.g. grade of myelofibrosis, blasts number) and the follow-up to terminal stages. However, the MPN typing in terminal and posttherapeutical stages based on morphology alone is not sufficient. The diagnostic value of BM biopsy depends on specimen´s quality, the objectivity of BM morphology evaluation depends on pathologist´s training and experiences. A correct BM biopsy interpretation should be done within the context of sufficient clinical and laboratory data and with support of genetical analyses. myelofibrosis, bone marrow biopsy., Juraj Marcinek, Tatiana Burjanivová, Lukáš Plank, and Literatura 28
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
36. Bolesť, funkčný stav, úzkosť, depresia a sociálna interakcia u seniorov s reumatoidnou artritídou
- Creator:
- Sováriová Soósová, Mária, Suchanová, Renáta, and Tirpáková, Libuša
- Format:
- 239-247, braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, staří--fyziologie--psychologie, geriatrické ošetřovatelství--metody, bolest--diagnóza--etiologie--psychologie, deprese--diagnóza--etiologie, sociální izolace--psychologie, revmatoidní artritida--komplikace--psychologie, distribuce podle pohlaví, mužské pohlaví, ženské pohlaví, statistika jako téma, průzkumy a dotazníky, sociální prostředí, staří nad 80 let, stupeň závažnosti nemoci, and kvalita života
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo posúdiť bolesť, funkčný stav, úzkosť, depresiu, sociálne aktivity a sociálnu oporu u seniorov s reumatoidnou artritídou (RA) a ich vzájomné vzťahy, posúdiť možné rozdiely vzhľadom na pohlavie, rodinný stav, vek, trvanie ochorenia a komorbiditu. Metódy: U 60 seniorov s RA bola posudzovaná intenzita bolesti vizuálnou analógovou škálou (VAS), funkčná disabilita Stanfordským dotazníkom hodnotiacim zdravie indexom disability (HAQ-DI), úzkosť Beckovým inventárom úzkosti (BAI), depresia Zungovým sebahodnotiacim dotazníkom depresie (SDS) a sociálna interakcia škálou sociálnych aktivít (SA) a sociálnej opory (SO) nástroja Škály merania vplyvu chorôb kĺbov 2 (AIMS2). Výsledky: U seniorov s RA bolo zistené pociťovanie priemerne silnej bolesti, stredná až ťažká funkčná disabilita, prežívanie stredne silnej úzkosti a depresie, obmedzovanie v spoločenských aktivitách. Vo vnímaní sociálnej opory bolo zistené najlepšie skóre. Medzi sledovanými premennými boli Pearsonovou koreláciou zistené väčšinou signifikantné (P ≤ 0,05) kladné slabé až silné vzťahy. Medzi pohlaviami neboli zaznamenané rozdiely. Horšie skóre (P ≤ 0,05) bolo zistené v oblasti prežívania úzkosti a vo vnímanej sociálnej opore u osamelo žijúcich seniorov oproti seniorom žijúcim v manželskom zväzku. Štatisticky významný pozitívny vzťah (P ≤ 0,05) sa potvrdil medzi vekom a prežívaním úzkosti, medzi trvaním ochorenia a depresiou, medzi komorbiditou a funkčným stavom a depresiou. Záver: Ako naznačujú výsledky, prioritou v starostlivosti o túto skupinu seniorov by nemalo byť iba zmierňovanie bolesti a zlepšovanie/udržiavanie funkčných schopností, ale aj redukcia úzkosti a depresie, a to o to viac, čím sú seniori starší, čím u nich trvá ochorenie dlhšie, s komorbiditou a tiež u osamelo žijúcich., Aim: The aim of this study was to assess pain, functional status, anxiety, depression, social activity, and social support and their interactions in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess possible differences by gender, marital status, age, duration of disease, and co-morbidity. Methods: Pain intensity was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), functional disability by the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire – Disability Index (HAQ-DI), anxiety by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), depression by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), social activity by the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) with scale of Social Activity (SA), and social support (SO) by AIMS2 with scale Support from family and friend in 60 elderly with RA. Results: There were found average strong pain, moderate to severe functional disability, moderate anxiety and moderate-to-marked depression, and limitation in social activity in elderly with RA. The best score was found in scale of social support. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) mild to severe relations were confirmed between explored objectives by Pearson’s correlations. Between genders no significant differences were recorded. Worse score (p ≤ 0.05) was detected in anxiety and social support in elderly living alone compared to married elderly. Between age and anxiety, duration of disease and depression, co-morbidity and functional disability, and depression were confirmed significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive relationships. Conclusion: According to results, not only pain reduction and improving/maintaining of functional status is the priority of care in elderly with RA, but also reduction of anxiety and depression is important, mainly in older, with longer duration of disease, co-morbidity and also for elderly living alone., Mária Sováriová Soósová, Renáta Suchanová, Libuša Tirpáková, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
37. Budgeting suspended sediment fluxes in tropical monsoonal watersheds with limited data: the Lake Tana basin
- Creator:
- Zimale, Fasikaw A., Moges, Mamaru A., Alemu, Muluken L., Ayana, Essayas K., Demissie, Solomon S., Tilahun, Seifu A., and Steenhuis, Tammo S.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- erosion, saturation excess, hydrology, discharge, flood plain, Ethiopia, East Africa, and Horn of Africa
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Soil erosion decreases soil fertility of the uplands and causes siltation of lakes and reservoirs; the lakes and reservoirs in tropical monsoonal African highlands are especially affected by sedimentation. Efforts in reducing loads by designing management practices are hampered by lack of quantitative data on the relationship of erosion in the watersheds and sediment accumulation on flood plains, lakes and reservoirs. The objective of this study is to develop a prototype quantitative method for estimating sediment budget for tropical monsoon lakes with limited observational data. Four watersheds in the Lake Tana basin were selected for this study. The Parameter Efficient Distributed (PED) model that has shown to perform well in the Ethiopian highlands is used to overcome the data limitations and recreate the missing sediment fluxes. PED model parameters are calibrated using daily discharge data and the occasionally collected sediment concentration when establishing the sediment rating curves for the major rivers. The calibrated model parameters are then used to predict the sediment budget for the 1994–2009 period. Sediment retained in the lake is determined from two bathymetric surveys taken 20 years apart whereas the sediment leaving the lake is calculated based on measured discharge and observed sediment concentrations. Results show that annually on average 34 t/ha/year of sediment is removed from the gauged part of the Lake Tana watersheds. Depending on the up-scaling method from the gauged to the ungauged part, 21 to 32 t/ha/year (equivalent to 24–38 Mt/year) is transported from the upland watersheds of which 46% to 65% is retained in the flood plains and 93% to 96% is trapped on the flood plains and in the lake. Thus, only 4–7% of all sediment produced in the watersheds leaves the Lake Tana Basin.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
38. Can a change in cropping patterns produce water savings and social gains: A case study from the Fergana Valley, Central Asia
- Creator:
- Karimov, Akmal Kh., Hanjra, Munir A., Šimůnek, Jiří, and Abdurakhmannov, Botir
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- HYDRUS-1D, food security, crop evapotranspiration, water budget, and Syrdarya River
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The study examines possible water savings by replacing alfalfa with winter wheat in the Fergana Valley, located upstream of the Syrdarya River in Central Asia. Agricultural reforms since the 1990s have promoted this change in cropping patterns in the Central Asian states to enhance food security and social benefits. The water use of alfalfa, winter wheat/fallow, and winter wheat/green gram (double cropping) systems is compared for high-deficit, low-deficit, and full irrigation scenarios using hydrological modeling with the HYDRUS-1D software package. Modeling results indicate that replacing alfalfa with winter wheat in the Fergana Valley released significant water resources, mainly by reducing productive crop transpiration when abandoning alfalfa in favor of alternative cropping systems. However, the winter wheat/fallow cropping system caused high evaporation losses from fallow land after harvesting of winter wheat. Double cropping (i.e., the cultivation of green gram as a short duration summer crop after winter wheat harvesting) reduced evaporation losses, enhanced crop output and hence food security, while generating water savings that make more water available for other productive uses. Beyond water savings, this paper also discusses the economic and social gains that double cropping produces for the public within a broader developmental context.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
39. Canopy structure and topography effects on snow distribution at a catchment scale: Application of multivariate approaches
- Creator:
- Jenicek, Michal, Pevna, Hana, and Matejka, Ondrej
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- snowpack distribution, canopy structure, leaf area index, degree-day, and dark beetle
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The knowledge of snowpack distribution at a catchment scale is important to predict the snowmelt runoff. The objective of this study is to select and quantify the most important factors governing the snowpack distribution, with special interest in the role of different canopy structure. We applied a simple distributed sampling design with measurement of snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) at a catchment scale. We selected eleven predictors related to character of specific localities (such as elevation, slope orientation and leaf area index) and to winter meteorological conditions (such as irradiance, sum of positive air temperature and sum of new snow depth). The forest canopy structure was described using parameters calculated from hemispherical photographs. A degree-day approach was used to calculate melt factors. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis and Spearman rank correlation were applied to reduce the number of predictors and to analyze measured data. The SWE in forest sites was by 40% lower than in open areas, but this value depended on the canopy structure. The snow ablation in large openings was on average almost two times faster compared to forest sites. The snow ablation in the forest was by 18% faster after forest defoliation (due to the bark beetle). The results from multivariate analyses showed that the leaf area index was a better predictor to explain the SWE distribution during accumulation period, while irradiance was better predictor during snowmelt period. Despite some uncertainty, parameters derived from hemispherical photographs may replace measured incoming solar radiation if this meteorological variable is not available.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
40. Celiakia - častá príčina "idiopatickej osteoporózy" premenopauzálnych a včasne postmenopauzálnych žien
- Creator:
- Kubincová, Ľudmila, Payer, Juraj, Mačugová, Ivana, Beráková, K., and Killinger, Zdenko
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- premenopauza, osteoporóza--diagnóza--etiologie, postmenopauzální osteoporóza--diagnóza--etiologie, celiakie--diagnóza--klasifikace--komplikace, biologické markery--krev, plošný screening, gliadin--imunologie, autoprotilátky, diferenciální diagnóza, lidé, and ženské pohlaví
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Ľudmila Kubincová, J. Payer, Z. Killinger, I. Mačugová, Katarína Beráková and Lit.: 26
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public