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512. Dopamine 2 and somatostatin 1-5 receptors coexpression in clinically non-functioning pituitar adenomas
- Creator:
- Filip Gabalec, Drastikova, M., Tomáš Česák, David Netuka, Václav Masopust, Josef Machač, Josef Marek, Jan Čáp, and Michal Beránek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, dopaminové receptory, adenomy hypofýzy, imunohistochemie, dopamine receptors, pituitary adenomas, immunohistochemistry, somatostatin receptor, estrogen receptor, clinically non-functioning adenomas, real-time PCR, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study investigated quantitated expression of dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) and somatostatin receptors of the five types (SSTR1-SSTR5) in a large series of clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (CNFAs). Co-expression of these receptors in individual adenomas was studied as well as correlation between receptor types. Adenoma tissue from 198 patients who underwent surgery for CNFAs was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. D2R and SSTR1-3 mRNA was expressed in all 198 adenomas. SSTR4 and SSTR5 were detectable in 85 % and 61 % of adenomas, respectively. Expression of D2R was significantly higher than that of the somatostatin receptors. The median relative expressions were as follows from highest D2R >> SSTR3 > SSTR2 > SSTR1 > SSTR5 > SSTR4. High relative expression (ratio to β-glucuronidase mRNA > 1) of D2R was found in 60 % of tumors, high expression of SSTR1 in 7.5 %, SSTR2 in 7 %, SSTR3 in 4 % and SSTR5 in 0.5 %. The quantity of D2R correlated positively with expression of SSTR2 and SSTR3, and negatively with SSTR1 and SSTR5. Among histological adenoma types, SSTR1 was significantly higher in null-cell adenomas and SSTR3 was lower in silent corticotroph adenomas. In conclusions, in CNFAs, high expression of somatostatin receptors is much less common than that of D2R, and co-expression of both these receptors is exceptional. D2R and SSTR3 seem to be the most promising targets for pharmacological treatment., F. Gabalec, M. Drastikova, T. Cesak, D. Netuka, V. Masopust, J. Machac, J. marek, J. Cap, M. Beranek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
513. Dorsal rhizotomy changes the spontaneous neuronal activity of nuclei in the medial thalamus
- Creator:
- Šimon Vaculín, Miloslav Franěk, and Richard Rokyta
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, deafferentation, medial thalamus, single neuronal unit activity, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to examine the influence of unilateral dorsal root section at the cervicothoracic level of the spinal cord on the spontaneous neuronal activity of medial thalamic nuclei in the rat. Single unit extracellular recordings from thalamic nuclei, nc. parafascicularis and nc. centralis lateralis, were obtained with glass micropipettes. The abnormal bursting activity of these nuclei following deafferentation was registered, although a correlation between the occurrence of this activity and the degree of autotomy behavior was not found. Such bursts were never observed in the studied thalamic nuclei of control rats., Š. Vaculín, M. Franěk, R. Rokyta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
514. Drug carriers with star polymer structures
- Creator:
- Kotrchová, L, Kostka, L, and Tomáš Etrych
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- léčiva, polymery, pharmaceuticals, polymers, water-soluble polymers, drug carriers, star polymers, hyperbranched polymers, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this review we summarize several synthetic approaches to the advanced synthesis of star-like polymer-based drug carriers. Moreover, their application as nanomedicines for therapy or the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases and their biodistribution are reviewed in detail. From a broad spectrum of star-like systems, we focus only on fully water-soluble systems, mainly based on poly(ethylene glycol) or N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide polymer and copolymer arms and polyamidoamine dendrimers serving as the core of the star-like systems., L. Kotrchová, L. Kostka, T. Etrych., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
515. Drugs in pregnancy: the effects on mother and her progeny
- Creator:
- Romana Šlamberová
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, drug addiction, opioids, psychostimulants, maternal behavior, development, behavior, cognition, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Drug abuse during pregnancy is a growing problem in all developed countries all over the world. The drugs easily cross the placental barrier into the fetal body and are present also in the maternal milk. Therefore, it may affect the development of the child pre- as well as postnatally. The effects of prenatal drug exposure are long-lasting and persist until adulthood. The present review summarizes the clinical and experimental evidence showing how opioids and psychostimulants can affect maternal behavior of drug-abusing mother and the development of their offspring., R. Šlamberová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
516. Dual role of thyroid hormones in rat soleus muscle MyHC isoform expression
- Creator:
- Vadászová-Soukup, A. and Tomáš Soukup
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, hormony štítné žlázy, potkan, physiology, thyroid hormones, Rattus norvegicus, soleus muscle, myosin heavy chains, SDS-PAGE, RT-PCR, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We have analyzed the influence of altered thyroid hormone levels on changes of MyHC protein isoforms and their mRNA transcripts in the soleus muscle of 2-, 4- and 7-month-old euthyroid (EU), hypothyroid (HY) and hyperthyroid (TH) female inbred Lewis strain rats (methimazole and T3 treatment started 3 to 4 weeks after birth). We have found that the content of the dominant MyHC 1 isoform gradually increased in the EU rats and that this increase was more progressive in the HY rats at all three stages. On the other hand, in the TH rats the content of MyHC 1 isoform was the highest in the 2-month-old rats and it decreased with an increasing length of T3 treatment. The content of the minor 2a MyHC isoform followed the opposite pattern. In contrast to the protein isoforms, the MyHC mRNA transcripts remained at similar levels. Nevertheless, in general, the MyHC 1 mRNA level was decreased and MyHC 2a transcript increased in the TH rats, while the opposite changes occurred in the HY rats. Our results thus suggest that in the rat soleus muscle, both increased and decreased levels of thyroid hormones speed up the formation of an adult slow phenotype which is demonstrated by the precocious appearance of the slow MyHC 1 isoform, but opposite to the hypothyroid status, a longer T3 application promotes the expression of the faster MyHC 2a isoform., A. Vadászová-Soukup, T. Soukup., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
517. Dva deníky Dra. Matiáše Borbonia z Borbenheimu
- Creator:
- Matyáš Borbonius z Borbenheimu, Max Dvořák, and Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
- Publisher:
- Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
- Format:
- print and vi, 165 s.
- Type:
- text, volume, autobiografie, deníky, model:monograph, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biografie, Lékařské vědy. Lékařství, Borbonius z Borbenheimu, Matyáš, 1566-1629, 16.-17. stol, lékaři, Česko, 929, 616-051, (437.3), (092), (093.3), 8, 14, and 61
- Language:
- Latin and Czech
- Description:
- 9, vydal Max Dvořák., KČSN, and Přívazek k : 1. přívazek k : Soudní akta konsistoře Pražské / Ferdinand Tadra
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
518. Dynamic changes of orexin A and leptin in obese chldren during body weight reduction
- Creator:
- Jiří Bronský, Jara Nedvídková, Hana Zamrazilová, Martina Pechová, Martin Chada, Karel Kotaška, Jiří Nevoral, and Richard Průša
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, obezita, leptin, výživa dětí, physiology, obesity, children's nutrition, orexin A, hypocretin 1, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this study, we describe changes of plasma levels of the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin A in obese children during the reduction of body weight and its relationship to other biochemical and anthropometrical parameters. We measured orexin A fasting plasma levels by the RIA method in 58 obese children - 33 girls and 25 boys; mean age 13.1±0.38 years (range 7-18.5) before and after 5 weeks of weight-reduction therapy. Leptin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels were measured in all the subjects and were compared to orexin A levels and anthropometrical data. Average weight in subjects before weight-reduction was 74.2±2.79 kg and after weight-loss 67.4±2.60 kg (p<0.0001). Orexin A levels before the therapy were 33.3±1.97 pg/ml and after the therapy 51.7±3.07 pg/ml (p<0.0001). Levels of orexin A were not significantly different between girls and boys (p=0.7842). We found negative correlation between orexin A and age (r = -0.5395; p<0.0001), body height (r = -0.4751; p=0.0002), body weight (r = -0.4030; p=0.0017) and BMI (r = -0.2607; p=0.0481). No correlation was found between orexin A and IGF-1, IGFBP-3 or leptin. Orexin A plasma levels increased during body weight loss, whereas the reverse was true for leptin levels. These findings support the hypothesis that orexin A may be involved in regulation of nutritional status in children., J. Bronský, J. Nedvídková, H. Zamrazilová, M. Pechová, M. Chada, K. Kotaška, J. Nevoral, R. Průša., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
519. Dynamics of cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by LPS, or infected by Borrelia
- Creator:
- Ladislav Janský, Reymanová, P., and Kopecký, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, horečka, cytokiny, fever, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, borrelia, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To specify the role of individual cytokines in the immune response to pyrogens, isolated and cultivated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used for the experiments. Different pyrogens (lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli - LPS and live Borrelia afzelii) were applied and the time course of changes in concentrations of different cytokines in the medium was followed using the ELISA method. It was found that nonstimulated human PBMC proliferate under in vitro conditions and produce IL-6, TNF-a, IL-10 and finally also IL-1b. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g are not changed. Proliferation of PBMC is potentiated after incubation with LPS or live Borrelia. PBMC stimulated by LPS increase the net production (stimulated minus unstimulated) of IL-1b and TNF-a significantly, while production of IL-6 was smaller. A delayed increase in the production of IL-10 was also observed. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g were not influenced. In contrast to LPS, stimulation of PBMC with live Borrelia, increases also the production of IL-12 and IFN-g, besides IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10. Productions of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa increased immediately after incubation with both LPS and Borrelia, while productions of IL-12 and INF-g begin to increase 8 hours and production of IL-10 12 hours after stimulation. Data indicate that stimulation with different pyrogens may activate the cells of the immune cascade in a different way. Stimulation of BPMC by LPS seems to activate the initial steps of the immune response (macrophages and granulocytes) only, while infection with live Borrelia also stimulates the later phase of the immune response, probably due to effect of initially produced cytokines., L. Janský, P. Reymanová, J. Kopecký., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
520. Dynamics of cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by LPS, or infected by Borrelia
- Creator:
- Ladislav Janský, Reymanová, P., and Kopecký, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, horečka, cytokiny, fever, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, borrelia, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To specify the role of individual cytokines in the immune response to pyrogens, isolated and cultivated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used for the experiments. Different pyrogens (lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli - LPS and live Borrelia afzelii) were applied and the time course of changes in concentrations of different cytokines in the medium was followed using the ELISA method. It was found that nonstimulated human PBMC proliferate under in vitro conditions and produce IL-6, TNF-a, IL-10 and finally also IL-1b. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g are not changed. Proliferation of PBMC is potentiated after incubation with LPS or live Borrelia. PBMC stimulated by LPS increase the net production (stimulated minus unstimulated) of IL-1b and TNF-a significantly, while production of IL-6 was smaller. A delayed increase in the production of IL-10 was also observed. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g were not influenced. In contrast to LPS, stimulation of PBMC with live Borrelia, increases also the production of IL-12 and IFN-g, besides IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10. Productions of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa increased immediately after incubation with both LPS and Borrelia, while productions of IL-12 and INF-g begin to increase 8 hours and production of IL-10 12 hours after stimulation. Data indicate that stimulation with different pyrogens may activate the cells of the immune cascade in a different way. Stimulation of BPMC by LPS seems to activate the initial steps of the immune response (macrophages and granulocytes) only, while infection with live Borrelia also stimulates the later phase of the immune response, probably due to effect of initially produced cytokines., L. Janský, P. Reymanová, J. Kopecký., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public