a1_The pastoral opera L’Amor non ha legge (premiered in Jaroměřice, 1728) was composed by the vicekapellmeister Antonio Caldara, based on libretto by Domenico Bonlini. It is the first attested dramatic musical composition written at the direct order of Count Johann Adam Questenberg (1678-1752), a connoisseur of music, skilled lute player, an occasional composer, and - above all - a passionate promoter of the Italian opera seria. The present article concerns with the generic examination of the plot of opera seria, with regard to its superior genre, favola pastorale. In L’Amor non ha legge, living in harmony with the Nature gains general appraisal, the Idyllic merry-making in the countryside being sharply contrasted with life in the city and at the (imperial) court. As a result, the main character, young aristocrat, having become enamoured with a shepherdess, leaves for the country where he is allowed to repose and forget the hustle and bustle of the city, as well as its corruptness. These characteristics seem to be fitting the personality of Count Questenberg himself, who sought a refuge from the city to his castle of Jaroměřice, set in the rural region of Southern Moravia. As Bonlini states in his introductory argomento, the aim of the opera is, primarily, to celebrate simple, undemanding Love. Not coincidentally, both meanings of the word ’Amor’ are made use of in the libretto; the abstract ’Love’, as well as the personified name of the God of Love - Amor. Love verses and lovely affections are abundant in the language and the plot of the opera; what Bonlini is most concerned with, especially in the arias, is to depict as many aspects of Love, hence the affects, as possible: constant love, love suffering, requited love, noble love, miserable love, vain love, martyred love, jealous love, despising love, even paternal love., a2_The message of the opera L’Amor non ha legge, therefore, is the imperative of symbiosis between Man and the Laws of Nature; the Law of Love, superior even to the obstacles of social inequality, should - according to Bonlini - always be in accordance with the Reason. Favorizing the pastoral environment over the court and city, in particular, can be read as a laud of the castle of Jaroměřice, which the Count was justly proud of, and which he identified with considerably., Jana Perutková., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Článek se věnuje výzkumu emocí prostřednictvím Mezinárodního systému fotografií pro výzkum emočních stavů. Jedná se o soubor fotografií, které se podle předpokladu autorů liší ve dvou základních dimenzích emocí – valenci a arousalu. Článek diskutuje výzkumy prováděné pomocí tohoto systému, teoretické souvislosti tohoto přístupu, jeho teoretické i metodologické nedostatky a možná východiska. Jako hlavní východisko formuluje potřebu zabývat se sémantickým obsahem snímků, tedy potřebu psychosémantického přístupu.
Between the Baroque and Romanticism attitudes to death and the discursive framework of the emotional experience of dying fundamentally changed among the Catholic high nobility. The ideal baroque death was supposed to take the form of an extreme point at which the dying person confessed their sins through theatrical gestures and utterances. The deathbed ritual explicitly confirmed the denominational and spiritual orientation of the family. In succeeding generations, both aristocrats and commoners were expected to be confirmed in that orientation by a written and iconographic testimony rich in symbols. Romanticism, on the other hand, imbued the process of dying with sentiment, loving care and family cohesion, which among the high nobility brought solace and a peaceful death. Finally, between the Baroque and Romanticism the relative status of private and public experience of the last moments changed. The Baroque "theatrical" deathbed, which was presented with the central figure of the dying individual and the priest, was a public event. Gradually it changed into a more intimate, quiet contemplation with only a few witnesses gathered in the family circle. Moreover, the doctor came to replace the priest as the chief attendant at the dying person’s bedside. What remained unchanged was the anxious determination to conform to expected patterns of behaviour. By trying to fulfil the contemporary ideal of a "good death", the counts of Martinice and the princes of Schwarzenberg tried to affirm their unique position in Bohemian (and European) aristocratic society. Their emotional experience of death was intended to serve as an example to their descendants and form one of the constitutive elements of the family’s collective memory., Václav Grubhoffer, Josef Kadeřábek., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Našim cieľom je poukázať na dôležitosť podpory popôrodného bondingu, čiže bezprostredného kontaktu matky s dieťaťom po pôrode, odhaliť túžby, pocity žien a zistiť ich prežívanie vo vzťahu k bondingu. Štúdie sa zúčastnilo 2001 žien (vek 29,96 rokov ± 5,34 rokov), ktoré rodili spontánne v období za posledné tri roky. Metódou zberu údajov bol dotazník vlastnej konštrukcie. Pre vyhodnotenie sme použili deskriptívnu štatistiku. Zistili sme, že väčšina žien (93,90 %) túžila po bondingu a mala silu (82,86 %) byť bezprostredne po pôrode v kontakte so svojím dieťaťom. Po separácií dieťaťa matky prežívali strádanie (36,53 %), strach o dieťa (22,04 %), smútok (11,29 %). Zo strany pôrodných asistentiek/sestier podpora bondingu by mala patriť medzi priority. Podporou bondingu pôrodé asistentky/sestry podporujú fyziologickú, imunologickú a psychologickú adaptáciu dieťaťa a matky a dávajú zdravý základ vzťahovej väzby., Our aim is to point out the importance of postpartum bonding support, thus immediate contact of mother with her newborn baby straight after giving birth, as well as to expose desires and detect their experience regarding bonding. 2001 women (age 29.96 ± 5.34 years) who have given birth during the last three years participated this study. Own questionnaire was used for the method of data gathering. For its evaluation we used descriptive statistics. We found out that most of women (93.90 %) aspired bonding and were vigor enough (82.86 %) to be in contact with their newborn baby straight after giving birth. After motherś separation from a child, the mothers experienced child lacking (36.53 %), worries about the child (22.04 %), sadness (11.29 %). Bonding support should be one of the highest importances of midwifes /maternity nurses. By bonding support midwifes /maternity nurses help to maintain physiological, imunological a psychological adaptation of a mother and her child and give a healthy basis to form their relationship., Mazúchová L., Kelčíková S., Vasiľková P., and Literatura
The paper reflects a long-term ambiguity in the theoretical concept of affective phenomena. The focal point of this study is the conceptualization of the term “affect” with regard to the other affective phenomena (specifically emotion and mood). Our definition of affect is substantially different than existing Czech terminology and we define affect as the necessary component of all affective processes. Contrary to the Czech traditional concept of affect, we do not attribute characteristics such as “high intensity” or “disorganising influence” on cognitive processes, behaviour, etc. per se. We define affect in accordance with many authors, as a point in the continuum of affective stream and the basic unit of all affective phenomena. Affective phenomena or processes we consider as an umbrella term for a complex phenomenon like affect, emotion, mood, emotional episode, interpersonal attitude, sentiment, passion and so on: their common component is the affect. We consider emotion as a figure that emerges in the affective stream as a complex reaction to the event that has meaning for an individual and is interpreted with respect to the experience, context, individual characteristic, and sociocultural environment of the individual. Contrary to the Czech tradition, emotions are viewed as “just” one type of affective phenomena with a relatively specific definitional framework. The moods are considered parts of the affective stream continuum that have a specific and for consciousness accessible quality. The concepts of affect, emotion and mood discussed in this paper are contrasted; however, we have described where they overlap conceptually. The relationships of all affective phenomena have been considered as interacting with a tendency to synchronize into one (for an individual typical) affective stream., I. Poláčková Šolcová, R. Trnka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Respektující a podpůrná interakce zdravotníků s rodičkou je důležitým faktorem spokojenosti s porodem. Jak rodička tuto interakci vnímá, ovlivňují nejen její předchozí zkušenosti s péčí, ale i fyziologické zvláštnosti porodního procesu. V tomto textu shrnujeme nedávné poznatky biologické psychologie o působení neurohormonu oxytocinu na sociální percepci. Ukazujeme, že právě oxytocin může mít za následek zvýšenou ovlivnitelnost rodící ženy a její senzitivitu na napětí prožívané zdravotníky. Subjektivní pocit ohrožení může být oxytocinem potencován a vést nejen k nižší spokojenosti ženy s porodem a horší spolupráci se zdravotníky, ale i snížit děložní kontraktilitu. Především u psychologicky rizikovějších skupin rodiček je proto vhodné zajistit pocit bezpečí a citlivý přístup zdravotníků. Možná opatření pro zlepšení péče zahrnují supervizi zdravotníků v porodnictví, zvyšování jejich psychosociálních dovedností a kontinuální péči „one-to-one“ v těhotenství a při porodu., Respectful and supportive interaction of healthcare providers with a woman in labour determines significantly her childbirth satisfaction. Woman’s perception of this interaction is influenced both by her previous care experiences and by the physiological specifics of birth. This text summarizes recent findings of biological psychology on the role of neurohormone oxytocin in social perception. We demonstrate that oxytocin can be the reason of increased vulnerability of women in labour and their sensitivity to stress experienced by healthcare providers. Oxytocin may augment a subjectively experienced threat and result not only in decreased birth satisfaction and worse cooperation with healthcare providers, but also lower the uterine contractility. Especially psychologically more vulnerable groups of parturients need to feel secure and be treated sensitively. Possible measures for improving the quality of care in this area include clinical supervision and psychosocial training in maternity care and continuous one-to-one care in pregnancy and childbirth., Kodyšová, E., and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit subjektivní proţívání ţen v těhotenství po perinatální ztrátě, identifikovat jejich potřeby a způsoby zvládání zátěţe v období právě probíhajícího těhotenství. Metodika: Výzkum byl proveden kvalitativní metodou. Metodou sběru dat byl polostrukturovaný rozhovor. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo 6 těhotných ţen ve třetím trimestru po perinatální ztrátě v předchozím těhotenství. K analýze dat bylo vyuţito některých postupů zakotvené teorie (otevřené a axiální kódování a vytváření kategorií). Výsledky: Na základě analýzy dat byly stanoveny kategorie: 1. Zkušenost perinatální ztráty, 2. Proţívání nového těhotenství, 3. Pocity, 4. Zvládání, 5. Potřeby. Analýzou rozhovorů bylo zjištěno, ţe těhotenství po perinatální ztrátě je obdobím zvýšené emocionální zátěţe, ţeny mají specifické potřeby a pouţívají různé způsoby zvládání zátěţe. Závěr: Těhotné ţeny po perinatální ztrátě vyţadují specifický přístup poskytovatelů péče. Významná je kontinuita péče počínající obdobím perinatální ztráty, pokračující přípravou na těhotenství, porod a šestinedělí. Pochopení pocitů ţen můţe pomoci ve snaze o efektivnější poskytování ošetřovatelské péče. Komunitní porodní asistentky mohou být vhodnou podporou pro tuto skupinu ţen a pomoci jim překonat náročné období těhotenství po perinatální ztrátě., Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the subjective experience of women in pregnancy after perinatal loss, identify their needs and ways of coping with the stress during an ongoing pregnancy. Methods: The study was carried out using a qualitative method. The data collection method used was a semi-structured interview. Six pregnant women in the third trimester after perinatal loss in previous pregnancies participated in the research. Some procedures of grounded theory (open and axial coding and creating categories) were used for data analysis. Results: Based on the data analysis categories and subcategories were defined: 1. The experience of perinatal loss, 2. Experiencing new pregnancy, 3. Feelings, 4. Coping, 5. Needs. Analyzing the interviews revealed that pregnancy after perinatal loss is a period of higher emotional stress, when women have specific needs and use different ways of coping with stress. Conclusion: Pregnant women after perinatal loss require a specific approach of care providers. The continuity of the care is important, starting from the period after perinatal loss, continuing in the preparation for pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Understanding the feelings of women may help in the effective provision of nursing care. Community midwives may be an appropriate support for this group of women and help them overcome the difficult period of pregnancy after perinatal loss., Pavla Kaspárková, Radka Bužgová, and Literatura
The article looks at how emotion is represented in Bohemian folk chronicles, i.e. texts of a historiographic character, written by autodidacts - mostly peasants and artisans. At the core of our analysis is the most famous work of this kind, Paměti Františka Jana Vaváka z let 1770-1816 (Memoirs of František Jan Vavák 1770-1816). Other writings from the turn of the 19th century (e.g. those of Václav Jan Mašek, Jan Petr, Ondřej Lukavský) are also considered. Our initial question is: How, and in which contexts, did Czech-speaking authors of the late 18th and early 19th century, having no opportunity to get acquainted with contemporary philosophical theories, express affects? The study shows that the emotions, especially joy and grief, are expressed in a way recommended by early modern rhetoricians (e.g. Cypriano de Soarez or Bernard Lamy): particular figures are associated with particular affects. Though the principle is the same, the figures used by autodidacts differ from those recommended by the rhetoric manuals. Being unable to read Latin, German or French rhetorics, the authors had probably grasped the principles of how to represent affect from their reading, but adapted them according to their own talent and vision. As might be expected given the rural origin and values of the authors, joy is expressed mostly in the context of weather favourable for the harvest, while grief is realised in the context of rising prices and natural disasters., Dmitrij Timofejev., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Emotions and passions, especially the negative ones, played a major role in Seneca’s writing: the anger became the object of his philosophical treatise De ira and prevailed also in his tragedies. Seneca was probably the most important model for jesuit playwrigts which implies the question how these authors worked with his conception of anger and rage as destructive emotions, in which measure they took it over or changed it. Jesuit playwrights are represented here by Karel Kolčava whose plays are the only ones published as collected works during his life. In addition, there are (also published) Kolčava’s didactic letters, which gives us the opportunity to compare his theoretical view of anger with the Seneca’s one in the first part of the article. The realization of these conceptions is then observed on a few examples taken from the respective plays of both authors. Finally a special attention is paid to female characters in rage who are so important in Seneca’s tragedies and who can be found in Kolčava’s plays although women were not welcome on the jesuit stage even as characters., Eva Pauerová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy