A study was conducted from 2007 to 2010 to determine the status of the endemic loach species of Iran. So far 27 loach species belonging to two families (Nemacheilidae and Cobitidae) and eight genera have been recorded from 19 water basins of Iran. Eleven loach species are endemic to Iran. Oxynoemacheilus farsicus is considered as junior synonym of Oxynoemacheilus persus. The species Ilamnemacheilus longipinnis is known from a single specimen collected in the Tigris basin in 1978 and has to be considered as endemic but extinct in Iran. While some species like Paracobitis smithi are vulnerable due to their restricted and isolated habitat but drought, habitat alteration, extensive water extraction for irrigation and water pollution seems to be the major threatening factors to the loach survival in Iran. The Iran Department of Environment with the cooperation of Iranian Fisheries Research Organization must implement conservation programs to safeguard survival of Iran endemic loaches.
Od počátku 20. století převládá v západní společnosti spíše rezervovaný přístup ke smrti a posledním věcem člověka obecně, někteří autoři mluví přímo o tabuizaci smrti. K tomuto stavu přispívají jak medikalizace smrti, individualizace a sekularizace společnosti, tak i konzervativnost oblasti pohřebnictví. Pohřební obřad již není vnímán jako důležitý přechodový a odlučovací rituál a často bývá zcela elimi- nován. Tato studie pojednává o tom, jak tento stav ovlivňuje postavení pozůstalých v současné společnosti. Věnuje se tomu, co to znamená být pozůstalý, jaké chování se od lidí s tímto statutem očekává, jak k nim přistupuje jejich okolí a jaké formy pomoci vyhledávají., Since the beginning of 20th century dominates rather restrained approach to death and the last things of man in general. Some of the authors speaks directly about death taboo. To this condition contributes medicalization, individualism and secularization on one hand and conservatism of funeral agencies on the other. Funeral ritual is no longer viewed as an important rite of passage and is often completely eliminated. This study deals with current status of bereaved in contemporary society. What does it mean to be bereaved, what types of behavior are expected from people with this status, how their close friends and family treats them and what kind of help they search for., and Monika Suchánska
In this paper we show that in a tree with vertex weights the vertices with the second smallest status and those with the second smallest branch-weight are the same.