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592. How differences in the settling behaviour of moths (Lepidoptera) may contribute to sampling bias when using automated light traps
- Creator:
- Wölfling, Mirko, Becker, Mira C., Uhl, Britta, Traub, Anja, and Fiedler, Konrad
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, Lepidoptera, moths, biodiversity assessment, sampling method, light-trapping, sampling bias, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Quantitative community-wide moth surveys frequently employ flight-interception traps equipped with UV-light emitting sources as attractants. It has long been known that moth species differ in their responsiveness to light traps. We studied how the settling behaviour of moths at a light trap may further contribute to sampling bias. We observed the behaviour of 1426 moths at a light tower. Moths were classified as either, settling and remaining still after arrival, or continually moving on the gauze for extended periods of time. Moths that did not move after settling may not end up in the sampling container of the light trap and therefore are under-represented in automated trap samples relative to their true proportions in the community. Our analyses revealed highly significant behavioural differences between moths that differed in body size. Small moths were more likely to remain stationary after settling. As a corollary, representatives of three taxa, which in Europe are predominantly small species (Nolidae, Geometridae: Eupitheciini, Erebidae: Lithosiini), usually settled down immediately, whereas most other moths remained active on or flying around the trap for some time. Moth behaviour was also modulated by ambient temperature. At high temperatures, they were less likely to settle down immediately, but this behavioural difference was most strongly apparent among medium-sized moths. These results indicate the likely extent of the sampling bias when analysing and interpreting automated light-trap samples. Furthermore, to control for temperature modulated sampling bias temperature should always be recorded when sampling moths using flight-interception traps. and Mirko Wölfling, Mira C. Becker, Britta Uhl, Anja Traub, Konrad Fiedler.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
593. Hrachor hrachovitý: nesnesitelná těžkost bytí
- Creator:
- Michal Štefánek
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Botanika, hrachor, ohrožené druhy rostlin, 2, and 58
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Lathyrus pisiformis (Pisiform Grass Pea) has to be counted among the most endangered species in the Czech Republic, with only two recent localities in the central part of Bohemia. In the past, the species was found at one other site – in the pheasantry near Budeničky (north of the town of Slaný), but this population is now extinct. and Michal Štefánek.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
594. Hrobaříci - důležitá součást přírody
- Creator:
- Jan Schneider
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, hmyz, mrchožroutovití, insects, Silphidae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Hrobaříci jsou malá skupina brouků patřící do čeledi mrchožroutovití (Silphidae), která má na světě okolo 190 druhů. Centrem jejich rozšíření je palearktická oblast. Mezi hrobaříky ale najdeme jak zástupce s rozsáhlým areálem výskytu, tak i druhy endemické. Tito brouci žijí na různých biotopech, ale jsou si vzhledově podobní. Vyvinula se u nich naprosto jedinečná péče o potomstvo, kdy se dospělci starají o své larvy. Ze způsobu života hrobaříků a vzájemných potravních vztahů tak přímo vyplývá význam a užitečnost těchto brouků. Odklízením mršin a urychlováním rozkladných procesů jsou velmi prospěšní., Burying beetles are a small group of beetles, belonging to the carrion beetle family (Silphidae), which has around 190 species worldwide. The centre of their distribution is the Palearctic region. While some species are widely distributed, others are endemics with narrow distribution range. Burying beetles live in different habitats, but they are phenotypically similar. They also have developed unique care for offspring when adults care for their larvae. Their necrophore way of life and mutual food relationships directly highlight the importance and usefulness of these beetles. The major ecological importance of burying beetles lies in the removal of carcasses and acceleration of degradation processes., and Jan Schneider.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
595. Huntingtonova choroba a zvířecí modely
- Creator:
- Pallová, Daniela, Vochyánová, Klára, Vachútová, Dominika, and Zdenka Ellederová
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, Ústav živočišné fyziologie a genetiky (Akademie věd ČR), molekulární biologie, patologie, Huntingtonova nemoc, molecular biology, pathology, Huntington’s disease, 2, and 577
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Huntingtonova choroba (Huntington´s disease, HD) je smrtelné dědičné neurodegenerativní onemocnění s nástupem projevů až v dospělosti. Onemocnění je způsobeno expanzí cytozin-adenin-guanin (CAG) repetic v genu pro protein huntingtin (Htt), který je exprimován ve většině tkání. HD je charakteristická především rozsáhlou degenerací buněk centrální nervové soustavy, ale mutace má velký dopad i na další orgány a tkáně. Mechanismy těchto změn nejsou stále dostatečně popsány. Jednou z nezbytných součástí výzkumu HD jsou zvířecí modely., Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disease with onset of symptoms in adulthood. The disease is caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the gene for the huntingtin protein, which is expressed in most tissues. HD is characterized by extensive degeneration of the cells of the central nervous system, but the mutation has a large impact on other organs and tissues too. The mechanisms of these changes have not yet been adequately described. Animal models are one of the fundamental approaches in HD research., and Daniela Pallová ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
596. Hydrobiologický ústav Biologického centra AV ČR, v. v. i., České Budějovice
- Creator:
- Jan Kubečka and Jiří Peterka
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, hydrobiologie, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Jan Kubečka, Jiří Peterka.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
597. Hydrogen peroxide in regulation of plant metabolism: Signalling and its effect under abiotic stress
- Creator:
- Khan, T. A., Yusuf, M., and Fariduddin, Q.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- antioxidanty, nízké teploty, fotosyntéza, antioxidants, low temperatures, photosynthesis, hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species, signalling, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- In plants, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a signalling molecule that facilitates various biochemical and physiological processes. H2O2 is a versatile molecule, involved in several cellular processes both under stress and stress-free conditions. In regulating plant metabolism under stress conditions, exogenous application of H2O2 also plays a pivotal role which is manifested in improved growth, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant protection. Abiotic stress is an inevitable environmental factor that extensively affects and reduces growth, quality, yield, and productivity of plants. Several signalling pathways involved in H2O2-mediated stress and defense responses have been extensively studied and there is ample scope of additional research that could further clarify the mechanism and modulating factors which regulate these pathways. An attempt has been made to dissect the role of H2O2 under low temperature stress and how it affects plant growth and development, photosynthetic capacity, regulation of antioxidant system, and signalling., T. A. Khan, M. Yusuf, Q. Fariduddin., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
598. Hyperlipidemia is associated with altered levels of insulin-like growth factor-I
- Creator:
- Jan Malík, Tomáš Štulc, Dan Wichterle, Vojtěch Melenovský, Eva Chytilová, Zdeňka Lacinová, Jan Marek, and Richard Češka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie, ateroskleróza, růstové faktory, inzulinová rezistence, syndrom inzulinové rezistence, human physiology, growth factors, insulin resistance, cholesterol, insulin resistance syndrome, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Previous studies revealed altered levels of the circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and of its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in subjects with coronary atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and premature atherosclerosis. Hyperlipidemia is a powerful risk factor of atherosclerosis. We expected IGF-I and IGFBP-3 alterations in subjects with moderate/severe hyperlipidemia but without any clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. Total IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were assessed in 56 patients with mixed hyperlipidemia (MHL; cholesterol>6.0 mmol/l, triglycerides>2.0 mmol/l), in 33 patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia (IHC; cholesterol>6.0 mmol/l, triglycerides<2.0 mmol/l), and in 29 healthy controls (cholesterol<6.0 mmol/l, triglycerides<2.0 mmol/l). The molar ratio of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 was used as a measure of free IGF-I. IHC subjects differed from controls by lower total IGF-I (164±60 vs. 209±73 ng/ml, p=0.01) and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio (0.14±0.05 vs. 0.17±0.04, p=0.04). Compared to controls, MHL subjects had lower total IGF-I (153±54 ng/ml, p=0.0002) and IGFBP-3 (2.8±0.6 mg/ml, p<0.0001), but higher IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio (0.25±0.06, p<0.0001). Differences remained significant after the adjustment for clinical and biochemical covariates, except for triglycerides. Patients with both IHC and MHL have lower total IGF-I compared to controls. The mechanism is presumably different in IHC and MHL. Because of prominent reduction of IGFBP-3 in patients with MHL, they have reduced total IGF-I despite the actual elevation IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio as a surrogate of free IGF-I., J. Malík, T. Štulc, D. Wichterle, V. Melenovský, E. Chytilová, Z. Lacinová, J. Marek, R. Češka., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
599. Hypobaria and hypoxia affects phytochemical production, gas exchange, and growth of lettuce
- Creator:
- He, C., Jacobo-Velázquez, D. A., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., and Davies, F. T.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, bioprotectants, carbon assimilation, chlorophyll content, dark respiration rate, Lactuca sativa, low pressure, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, phytochemicals, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Hypobaria (low total atmospheric pressure) is essential in sustainable, energy-efficient plant production systems for long-term space exploration and human habitation on the Moon and Mars. There are also critical engineering, safety, and materials handling advantages of growing plants under hypobaria, including reduced atmospheric leakage from extraterrestrial base environments. The potential for producing crops under hypobaria and manipulating hypoxia (low oxygen stress) to increase health-promoting bioactive compounds is not well characterized. Here we showed that hypobaric-grown lettuce plants (25 kPa ≈ 25% of normal pressure) exposed to hypoxia (6 kPa pO2 ≈ 29% of normal pO2) during the final 3 d of the production cycle had enhanced antioxidant activity, increased synthesis of anthocyananins, phenolics, and carotenoids without reduction of photosynthesis or plant biomass. Net photosynthetic rate (PN) was not affected by total pressure. However, 10 d of hypoxia reduced PN, dark respiration rate (RD), PN/RD ratio, and plant biomass. Growing plants under hypobaria and manipulating hypoxia during crop production to enhance health-promoting bioactive compounds is important for the health and well-being of astronauts exposed to space radiation and other stresses during long-term habitation. and C. He ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
600. I čeští plži mohou přežít průchod trávicím traktem ptáků
- Creator:
- Jasna Simonová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, plži, ptáci, trávicí ústrojí, komparativní výzkum, gastropods, alimentary tract, comparative research, birds, přenos plžů, disperze, závornatky, digestive tract of birds, Clausiliidae, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Analogickým studiím z Tichomoří a Mexika se podařilo experimentálně prokázat, že i lesní plži čeledi Clausiliidae - Cochlodina laminata a Alinda biplicata s rozměry těla cca 20 mm mohou projít živí zažívacím traktem středně velkých ptáků. Zajímavým poznatkem je, že ačkoli přežila pouze 2 % všech plžů, tak pokud nedošlo k poškození jejich schránky, přežilo plných 62 % jedinců nalezených v trusu., Analogously to the studies of the Pacific area and Mexico, we were able to prove experimentally that the forest snails from family Clausiliidae - Cochlodina laminata and Alinda biplicata with a body size of approximately 20 mm can pass through the digestive tract of a medium-sized bird. There is an interesting finding that although only 2% of gastropods survived at all, 62% of those with intact (undamaged) shells survived., and Jasna Simonová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public