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612. Improved photosynthesis in Arabidopsis roots by activation of GATA transcription factors
- Creator:
- Ohnishi, A., Wada, Hajime, and Kobayashi, Kazuhiko
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, effective quantum yield of photosystem II, root greening, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Plant cells plastically change their functions according to the environment. Although Arabidopsis roots are heterotrophic organs, they increase photosynthetic capacity after shoot removal. Transcription factors regulating chloroplast development are involved in this response downstream of positive cytokinin and negative auxin regulation. To dissect the crosstalk of these regulators after shoot removal, we analyzed photosynthetic parameters in roots with chloroplast development enhanced by shoot removal, overexpression of transcription factors, or hormonal treatment. Our data suggest that shoot removal improves electron transfer downstream of PSII in roots, with a decrease in nonregulated energy dissipation. Cytokinin, auxin, and transcription factors affect the photosynthetic capacity of roots in a highly complex manner. Overexpression of two different types of transcription factors (GOLDEN 2-LIKE 1 and class-B GATAs) synergistically increased root chlorophyll content while maintaining high photosynthetic efficiency. Our data demonstrate the flexible regulation of the photosynthetic machinery by hormone signaling and downstream transcription factors., A. Ohnishi, H. Wada, K. Kobayashi., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
613. Improvement of grapevine physiology and yield under summer stress by kaolin-foliar application: water relations, photosynthesis and oxidative damage
- Creator:
- Dinis, L.-T., Malheiro, A. C., Luzio, A., Fraga, H., Ferreira, H., Gonçalves, I., Pinto, G., Correia, C. M., and Moutinho-Pereira, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- biochemie, oxidační stres, biochemistry, oxidative stress, region Douro, réva vinná, Douro region, Vitis vinifera, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Knowledge about short-term climate change adaptation strategies for Mediterranean vineyards is needed in order to improve grapevine physiology and yield-quality attributes. We investigated effects of kaolin-particle film suspension on water relations, photosynthesis and oxidative stress of field-grown grapevines in the Douro region (northern Portugal) in 2012 and 2013. Kaolin suspension decreased leaf temperature by 18% and increased leaf water potential (up to 40.7% in 2013). Maximum photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII was higher and the minimal chlorophyll fluorescence was lower in the plants sprayed by kaolin. Two months after application, net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance at midday increased by 58.7 and 28.4%, respectively, in treated plants. In the same period, kaolin treatment increased photochemical reflectance, photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and starch concentrations, while decreased total phenols and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Kaolin application can be an operational tool to alleviate summer stresses, which ameliorates grapevine physiology and consequently leads to a higher yield., L.-T. Dinis, A. C. Malheiro, A. Luzio, H. Fraga, H. FerreiraI. Gonçalves, G. Pinto, C. M. Correia, J. Moutinho-Pereira., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
614. Improving growth, flower yield, and water relations of snapdragon (Antirhinum majus L.) plants grown under well-watered and water-stress conditions using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
- Creator:
- Asrar, A. A., Abdel-Fattah, G. M., and Elhindi, K. M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- botanika, botany, arbuscular mycorrhiza, flower yield, snapdragon, water relations, water stress, 2, and 58
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus deserticola (Trappe and John) on plant growth, nutrition, flower yield, water relations, chlorophyll (Chl) contents and water-use efficiency (WUE) of snapdragon (Antirhinum majus cv. butterfly) plants were studied in potted culture under well-watered (WW) and water-stress (WS) conditions. The imposed water stress condition significantly reduced all growth parameters, nutrient contents, flower yield, water relations, and Chl pigment content and increased the electrolyte leakage of the plants comparing to those of nonstressed plants. Regardless of the WS level, the mycorrhizal snapdragon plants had significantly higher shoot and root dry mass (DM), WUE, flower yield, nutrient (P, N, K, Mg, and Ca) and Chl contents than those nonmycorrhizal plants grown both under WW or WS conditions. Under WS conditions, the AM colonization had greatly improved the leaf water potential (Ψw), leaf relative water content (RWC) and reduced the leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) of the plants. Although the WS conditions had markedly increased the proline content of the leaves, this increase was significantly higher in nonmycorrhizal than in mycorrhizal plants. This suggests that AM colonization enhances the host plant WS tolerance. Values of benefit and potential dry matter for AM-root associations were highest when plants were stressed and reduced under WW conditions. As a result, the snapdragon plants showed a high degree of dependency on AM fungi which improve plant growth, flower yield, water relations particularly under WS conditions, and these improvements were increased as WS level had increased. This study confirms that AM colonization can mitigate the deleterious effect of water stress on growth and flower yield of the snapdragon ornamental plant., A. A. Asrar, G. M. Abdel-Fattah, K. M. Elhindi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
615. Improving melon and cucumber photosynthetic activity, mineral composition, and growth performance under salinity stress by grafting onto Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks
- Creator:
- Rouphael, Y., Cardarelli, M., Rea, E., and Colla, G.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- botanika, botany, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata, grafting, net photosynthetic rate, salinity, 2, and 58
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The aim of the current work was to determine whether grafting could improve salinity tolerance of melon and cucumber, and whether possible induction of tolerance to salt stress was associated with the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out to determine gas exchange, mineral composition, growth and yield of melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Cyrano) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Akito) plants, either ungrafted or grafted onto the Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks (Cucurbita maxima Duch. × Cucurbita moschata Duch.), ‘P360’, and ‘PS1313’, respectively. Plants were grown hydroponically and supplied with two nutrient solutions - a nonsalinized control and a salinized solution which contained 40 mmol L-1 of NaCl. Salinity induced a smaller decrease in leaf area index (LAI), in grafted-compared to ungrafted plants. Similarly, the PN and gs reduction in NaCl treatment compared to control were significantly lower in grafted plants (34% and 34%, respectively, for melon and 14% and 15.5%, respectively, for cucumber) compared to ungrafted plants (42% and 40%, respectively, for melon and 30% and 21%, respectively, for cucumber). In all grafting combinations, negative correlations were recorded between Na+ and Cl- in the leaf tissue and PN. Grafting reduced concentrations of sodium, but not chloride, in leaves. Under saline conditions a smaller reduction in melon and cucumber shoot biomass dry mass and fruit yield were recorded, with positive correlations between shoot biomass, yield and PN. These results suggest that the use of salt tolerant Cucurbita rootstock can improve melon and cucumber photosynthetic capacity under salt stress and consequently crop performance., Y. Rouphael ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
616. Improving photosynthetic performance and some fruit quality traits in mango trees by shading
- Creator:
- Jutamanee, K. and Onnom, S.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chlorofyl, teplota, stín, chlorophyll, temperature, shade, kvalita ovoce, fluorescence chlorofylu, nadměrné ozařování, fotoinhibice, rychlost přenosu elektronů, mango, ozáření, fruit quality, chlorophyll fluorescence, excessive irradiation, net photosynthetic rate, photoinhibition, electron transport rate, irradiation, nonphotochemical quenching, peel color, photochemical quenching coefficient, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Excess solar radiation under hot climate can lead to decline in photosynthetic activity with detrimental effects on growth and yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a transparent plastic roof as shading for diurnal changes in photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, fruit set and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. 'Nam Dok Mai' growth in the field conditions. Fully expanded leaves were examined either shaded by the plastic roof or sunlit under natural conditions. Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit of the shaded leaves measured on the clear day were lowered compared to those of the sunlit leaves. It resulted in increased stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rates of the shaded leaves compared to those of the sunlit leaves, especially from the morning to midday. Furthermore, the reversible decrease of the maximal quantum yield of PSII was more pronounced in the sunlit leaves than that in the shaded ones. Shading increased the total fruit number; the shaded fruits developed better external color than that of the sun-exposed fruits. Our results indicated that shading could maintain the high photosynthetic activity by reducing stomatal limitations for carbon supply and was effective in alleviating the photoinhibitory damage to PSII during bright and clear days with excessive radiation. Finally, shading could increase the number of fruits and improve mango peel color., K. Jutamanee, S. Onnom., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
617. In honor of Hartmut Karl Lichtenthaler
- Creator:
- Govindjee, G.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Rabinowitch, Eugene, 1901-1973, Calvin, Melvin, 1911-1997, Emerson, Robert, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, isoprenoid biosynthesis, phylloquinone, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- We honor here Hartmut Karl Lichtenthaler, a pioneer of plant physiology, plant biochemistry, plant biophysics, plant molecular biology, and stress physiology. His contributions to the ingenious use of chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging in understanding the physiological processes in leaves stand out. We wish him many happy and productive years of research and educating others., G. Govindjee., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
618. In memoriam Pavel Pelz
- Creator:
- Stanislav Chvapil
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, Pelz, Pavel, 1924-2015, ornitologové, hlasová komunikace živočichů, nekrology, bioakustika, ornithologists, obituaries, acoustic communication of animals, bioacoustics, hlasy ptáků, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Stanislav Chvapil.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
619. In memoriam Peter Lupták: odešel zoolog par excellence
- Creator:
- Pavel Brandl, Evžen Kůs, Melichar, Lubomír, Novák, Jiří, Tomáš Peš, Pluháček, Jan, Jan Robovský, Martin Sabol, and Sloviak, Michal
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, Lupták, Peter, zoologové, nekrology, zoologists, obituaries, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Pavel Brandl, Evžen Kůs, Lubomír Melichar, Jiří Novák, Tomáš Peš, Jan Pluháček, Jan Robovský, Martin Sabol, Michal Sloviak.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
620. In silico, in vitro and in vivo approach in understanding the functional relationship between ergosterol and Rubisco
- Creator:
- Mitra, J., Narad, P., and Paul, P. K.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- metabolity, metabolites, enzyme activity, rajče, CO2, aktivity enzymů, ergosterol, phylloplane, Rubisco, tomato, chloroplast, in silico, in vivo, large subunit, maximum carboxylation rate, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) is one of the key enzymes involved in assimilation of CO2 in chloroplasts. Phylloplane microfungi and their metabolites have been reported to affect the physiology of host plants, particularly, their photosynthesis. However, information is lacking on the effect of these microflora on the physiology of chloroplasts. The current study emphasized the impact of two dominant phylloplane fungi, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum, on activity of Rubisco in tomato chloroplasts. Ergosterol, which is a component of only fungal cell membranes and is not synthesized by plants, have been demonstrated to elicit activity of Rubisco. In the present study, it was demonstrated through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches. Results demonstrated that the fungal metabolites, which contained ergosterol, could double Rubisco activity. Maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco increased also in ergosterol-treated plants. Michaelis-Menten constant of Rubisco was also slightly affected. Ergosterol was found also to influence and enhance the binding of CO2 and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate to Rubisco. Therefore we can postulate that the physiology of the chloroplast is probably influenced by phylloplane microfungi., J. Mitra, P. Narad, P. K. Paul., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public