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Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Subject 59

251. Proč kukačka neparazituje nejnápadnější ptáky? Konkrétní příklad s obecným poučením pro ekologické studie

Creator:
Tomáš Grim
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, ochrana živočichů, ornitologie, environmentální výzkum, ptáci, hnízdiště, kukačka, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Cuckoos parasitize many rare and inconspicuous host species but avoid other common and conspicuous ones. In this article, results of a study that solved this long-standing ecological conundrum are described. I use this work to illustrate va - rious weaknesses of typical ecological studies (sample size, data representativeness, reification) and give suggestions for a better research practice in the future. and Tomáš Grim.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

252. Proč se hmyz hodí pro základní výzkum chladové odolnosti živočichů?

Creator:
Vladimír Košťál
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, hmyz, kryobiologie, zoology, insects, cryobiology, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Někteří zástupci třídy hmyzu patří k chladově nejodolnějším organismům na Zemi. Přežijí podchlazení až pod -50°C nebo kompletní zmrznutí (přeměnu tělní vody na led). Dokonce je dokážeme, jako celé komplexní organismy, téměř neomezeně dlouho skladovat v kapalném dusíku. Výzkum principiální podstaty této výjimečné schopnosti hmyzu může přinést poznatky využitelné pro praktické technologie kryokonzervace biologického materiálu., Some insects are to the most cold-tolerant organisms on Earth. They survive supercooling down to -50°C or complete freezing (transition of body water to ice). Moreover, we can store the insect organism in its whole complexity in liquid nitrogen almost indefinitely. Research on the principles behind this exceptional ability of insects can provide knowledge that will be useful for the development of practical protocols for the cryopreservation of biological material., and Vladimír Košťál.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

253. Proudové koridory, náplavy a měkkýši. I. Pojem náplav, jeho vymezení a postavení v nivním ekosystému

Creator:
Vojen Ložek and Lucie Juřičková
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, fauna, měkkýši, nivní biotopy, vodní toky, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
The importance of stream corridors and flood deposits for the spreading of molluscs is demonstrated using some examples from the Czech territory. Three types of floodplain debris, which contain shell accumulation, are distinguished: allochtonous debris accumulated by river flow on riversides, autochtonous accumulation in quiet parts of alluvium far from the main flow, and accumulation caused by strong turbulence during flooding. and Vojen Ložek, Lucie Juřičková.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

254. První nález varanovce bornejského ve Východním Kalimantanu a další setkání se vzácným ještěrem

Creator:
Ivan Vergner
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, plazi, ještěři, reptiles, Sauria, Borneo (Velké Sundy : ostrov), 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Varanovec bornejský (Lanthanotus borneensis) patří k nejvzácnějším a nejméně známým plazům. V článku je popsána historie jeho objevů a její průběh ve 20. století, dále jeho anatomie, osteologie, morfologie a fylogeneze. Jsou podány i vzácné informace o jeho ekologii. Je v něm popsán i první nález tohoto druhu ve Východním Kalimantanu (Borneo, Indonésie) a první poznatky z chovu a chování varanovce v podmínkách terária v japonské zoo. Kameraman Stano Slušný a etnolog Miroslav Nožina viděli v roce 2001 uloveného živého varanovce ve vsi Respen na břehu řeky Sesayap v okrese Malinau na severu indonéské provincie Východní Kalimantan. Z literatury vyplývá, že šlo o první pozorování varanovce bornejského nejen v této provincii, ale v té době dokonce o první nález tohoto druhu na území Indonésie., The Earless Monitor Lizard (Lanthanotus borneensis) is one of the rarest and least known of all reptiles. This article describes the history of discoveries throughout the 20th century, as well as its anatomy, osteology, morphology and phylogenesis. Valuable information on its ecology is also provided. The first discovery of this species in Eastern Kalimantan (Borneo, Indonesia) – Respen by Sesayap river in 2001 – by Czech travellers and the first findings from breeding and rearing of these lizards in terrarium conditions at a zoo in Japan are also reported., and Ivan Vergner.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

255. Ptáci latinskoamerických sídel

Creator:
Jozef Májsky and Chudý, Stanislav
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, ornitologie, ptáci, ornithology, birds, Jižní Amerika, South America, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Procesům adaptace na život v lidských sídlech podléhají mnohé druhy ptáků nejenom v Evropě, ale i v Latinské Americe. Během několika cest po tropických zemích Nového světa od Mexika po Argentinu autoři zaznamenali v tamních městech i na venkově několik desítek ptačích druhů se sklonem k synantropnímu způsobu života. V sumáru 57 druhů z patnácti čeledí, které byly zařazeny do článku, dominují pěvci (41 druhů). Přestože jde o subjektivní výběr a jednotlivé druhy ptáků nebylo možné podrobněji charakterizovat, uvedené informace mohou návštěvníkům této oblasti usnadnit orientaci při setkání se zástupci avifauny latinskoamerických sídel., Many bird species are involved in processes of adaptation to life in human settlements, not only in Europe, but also in Latin America. During several trips to tropical countries in the New World, from Mexico to Argentina, the authors noted several dozen bird species in the cities and the countryside that tended to adopt a synanthropic lifestyle. Songbirds predominate (with 41 species) in a list of 57 species from the 15 families presented. The article may help visitors to the region find their bearings among the birdlife in Latin American conurbations., and Jozef Májský, Stanislav Chudý.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

256. Ptactvo Pardubicka: podle vlastních zkušeností s kritickým zřetelem k starší literatuře : s úvodním slovem pořadatelů a oddílem in memoriam Josefa Musílka

Creator:
Josef Musílek
Publisher:
Vydavatelstvo vlastivědného sborníku "Krajem Pernštýnův"
Format:
print and 184 s. : s 19 obrazovými přílohami a s mapkou Pardubicka.
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, ptáci, zoogeografie, Pardubice (Česko : oblast), 598.2, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Josef Musílek. and Obsahuje bibliografii, bibliografické odkazy a rejstříky
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

258. Reconstructing a 55-million-year-old butterfly (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

Creator:
De Jong, Rienk
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, evoluce (biologie), biogeografie, evolution (biology), biogeography, Fossil, oldest butterfly, Hesperiidae, Protocoeliades kristenseni, new genus, new species,, divergence time, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The oldest butterfly fossil known, which was formed about 55 Ma in what is now Denmark, is described. The fragments of its forewing venation indicates it belongs to the Hesperiidae. Further reconstruction indicates that it fits in the Coeliadinae and is close to the extant genera Hasora and Burara. It is here described as Protocoeliades kristenseni gen. et sp. n. It is the first butterfly fossil found on a continent (Europe) where its closest relatives do not currently occur. Its position on the phylogenetic tree of the Coeliadinae and its importance in understanding the time dimension in the evolution of butterflies, and their ecological and biogeographic implications are discussed., Rienk De Jong., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

259. Relationships between Psychidae communities (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) and the ecological characteristics of old-growth forests in a beech dominated landscape

Creator:
Scalercio, Stefano, Bonacci, Teresa, Turco, Rosario, and Bernardini, Vincenzo
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, biodiverzita, butterflies, biodiversity, Itálie, Italy, Lepidoptera, Psychidae, biological conservation, forest planning, old-growth, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Several studies address the question of which forest attributes are most important for the conservation of biodiversity. Unfortunately, there are no unequivocal answers because the response of a biological group to changes in forest structure depends on its natural history and scale of organization. It is important to increase our knowledge of the potential relationships between under studied groups of species and forest variables in order to adopt timber harvesting strategies not detrimental to biodiversity, especially in old-growth forests. We assessed the importance of 10 forest attributes and old-growth for Psychidae (Lepidoptera) species and communities. Research was carried out in 12 forest stands in a mountainous beech dominated landscape in southern Italy, in the middle of the Mediterranean Basin. Samples were collected in 2001 and 2013 and data were merged after pairwise comparison analyses that confirmed the long term stability of communities. Correspondence Analysis, Cluster Analysis and non-parametric Spearman Rank Order Correlation were used to identify determinants of Psychidae abundance and diversity. We collected 2,732 Psychidae belonging to 8 species. Correspondence analysis identified old-growth as the main determinant of communities. Most significant attributes for individual species were beech dominance, diameter at breast height and its standard deviation. For Taleporia defoliella there were positive correlations with these forest parameters, whereas for Psyche crassiorella the correlations were negative. This study underlined the importance of forest attributes associated with old-growth forests for sustaining biodiversity. These findings indicate the need to incorporate these attributes in forest planning, especially those aspects that are easily recognizable such as the number of large trees., Stefano Scalercio, Teresa Bonacci, Rosario Turco, Vincenzo Bernardini., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

260. Reproductive status of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) affects its response to infection by Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)

Creator:
Kramarz, Paulina, Małek, Dariusz, Gaweł, Maria, Drobniak, Szymon M., and Homa, Joanna
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, brouci, potemníkovití, sexuální dimorfismus, infekce, beetles, Tenebrionidae, sexual dimorphism, infections, Coleoptera, Tribolium castaneum, Rhabditida, Steinernematidae, Steinernema feltiae, phenoloxidase, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Gender-specific reproductive roles are important factors determining sexual dimorphism. Here, we investigate the effects of sex-based differences and reproductive status on the defence of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) against infection by Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Female and male beetles, either virgin or post-copulation, were exposed individually to nematodes. Individuals were then sampled every 12 h, dissected, and checked for the presence of nematodes; we also measured their phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Reproductive status affected resistance to nematodes and PO activity as infected virgin individuals had a higher PO activity and lower mortality than reproducing individuals, with no differences between sexes. Mortality also increased with time, while PO activity did not change. Parasite load was related to reproductive status and sex, with reproducing females with the highest parasite loads in all treatments, and virgin males with more nematodes than sexually active males. Our results indicate that the costs of reproduction impair the immunological system of T. castaneum similarly in both sexes. It is possible, however, that other components of the immunological system that we did not measure, such as lysozyme activity, are impaired by infection with S. feltiae in a sex-specific way., Paulina Kramarz, Dariusz Małek, Maria Gaweł, Szymon M. Drobniak, Joanna Homa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public