Nanayella gen. n. is proposed to accommodate four new species of dactylogyrid monogeneans found on the gills of two species of pimelodid catfishes (Siluriformes) from the Amazon River basin in Peru and the Upper Paraná River basin in Brazil. Nanayella gen. n. is mainly characterised by the presence of modified hook pairs 5 and 6, which have a slender shank with slightly enlarged base, inconspicuous thumb, and straight point. Nanayella aculeatrium gen. n. et sp. n. (type species) from Sorubim lima (Bloch et Schneider) (type host) differs from its congeners mainly by possessing seven sclerotised spines on one side of circular ornamentation of the vaginal atrium. Nanayella fluctuatrium gen. n. et sp. n. is characterised by the presence of sclerotised undulations surrounding the circular ornamentation of the vaginal atrium. Nanayella amplofalcis gen. n. et sp. n. is typified by possessing hook pairs 1 and 2 with a robust, wide shank and a round, weakly sclerotised subunit at the base. Nanayella processusclavis gen. n. et sp. n. differs from congeners by the presence of a conspicuous posterior medial process on the dorsal bar. Urocleidoides megorchis Mizelle et Kritsky, 1969 described from the gills of S. lima in Brazil is transferred to Nanayella gen. n. as Nanayella megorchis comb. n. based on morphological and molecular evidence. Analyses of partial sequences of the 28S rRNA gene revealed all five species of the new genus to form a monophyletic clade within a bigger clade comprised of dactylogyrids of South American pimelodids., Aline A. Acosta, Carlos A. Mendoza-Palmero, Reinaldo J. da Silva, Tomáš Scholz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
There is limited data on the role of intestinal parasites in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in South America. We evaluated the association between intestinal parasitism and IBS status in Peru. Intestinal parasites were detected in 43% of the IBS cases and in 51% of the controls (P = 0.4). After excluding those infected by any parasite, the IBS prevalence remained high (22%; P = 0.7). No statistically significant difference was noted between IBS cases and controls in terms of monoparasitism, biparasitism or multiparasitism. Furthermore, the protist Blastocystis sp. was inversely associated with IBS., George Vasquez-Rios, Jorge D. Machicado, Maria T. Gamero, Adriana Pezua, Angel B. Betancourt, Angelica Terashima, Luis A. Marcos., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_The first molecular assessment of phylogenetic relationships of cladorchiid digeneans (superfamily Paramphistomoidea Fischoeder, 1901) from freshwater fishes based on 28S rDNA, ITS2 and cox1 sequences reveals the subfamilies Dadayiinae Fukui, 1929 and Kalitrematinae Travassos, 1933 as non-monophyletic, whereas Dadaytrema Travassos, 1931 represented by three species is monophyletic. Fourteen species of cladorchiids were found in characiform, perciform and siluriform fishes in the Neotropical Region (Brazil and Peru), with numerous new host and geographical records. The first scanning electron micrographs of seven species are presented. Two new species of dadayiine and one new species of kalitrematine paramphistomes are described. Microrchis macrovarium sp. n. from Pimelodella cristata (Müller et Troschel) (type host), Tetranematichthys quadrifilis (Kner) and Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes) in Brazil and Peru differs from all three congeners in that the testes are directly tandem, not oblique, and that the ovary, between the caecal ends, is widely separated from the testes. Pronamphistoma philippei sp. n. from Heros sp. in Brazil is distinguished from the type and only species, Pronamphistoma cichlasomae Thatcher, 1992, by the absence of the anterior collar-like expansion present in the type species, the presence of extramural rather than intramural pharyngeal sacs, and the unusual development of the dorsal and ventral exterior circular muscle fibre series in the acetabulum., a2_Pseudocladorchis romani sp. n. from P. granulosus (type host), Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Valenciennes), Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein), Megalodoras uranoscopus (Eigenmann et Eigenmann) and Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes) in Brazil and Peru, is most similar to Pseudocladorchis nephrodorchis Daday, 1907 but differs in the shape of the testes (irregular, versus reniform in the latter species) and the size of the ovary (as large as, or larger than, the testes in the new species). The generic diagnosis of Pronamphistoma Thatcher, 1992 is amended. Dadaytremoides parauchenipteri Lunaschi, 1989 is transferred to Doradamphistoma Thatcher, 1979 as D. parauchenipteri (Lunaschi, 1989) comb. n. based on morphological and molecular evidence., Camila Pantoja, Tomáš Scholz, José Luis Luque, Arlene Jones., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Bats of the family Phyllostomidae are common hosts to streblids known as bat flies. Here, we discuss the component community, prevalence and intensity of infection with species of Streblidae on an assemblage of phyllostomid bats in the Cafuringa Environmental Protection Area (APA Cafuringa) in the core area of the Cerrado in Central Brazil. A total of 1 841 streblid individuals of 24 species occurred on 752 bats of 14 species. Ten species of streblids infected Glossophaga soricina (Pallas), whereas seven or fewer streblid species infected the other bat species. Nine bat fly species presented a prevalence of more than 50%, whereas some differences in the abundance of bat flies among hosts were observed. Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856 and Trichobius furmani Wenzel, 1966 were more host-specific compared to the other streblids, and they occurred in greater abundance on their preferred hosts. Trichobius uniformis Curran, 1935 and Strebla mirabilis (Waterhouse, 1879) were the least host-specific, occurring on five and six hosts, respectively., Ludmilla M. S. Aguiar, Yasmine Antonini., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Procesům adaptace na život v lidských sídlech podléhají mnohé druhy ptáků nejenom v Evropě, ale i v Latinské Americe. Během několika cest po tropických zemích Nového světa od Mexika po Argentinu autoři zaznamenali v tamních městech i na venkově několik desítek ptačích druhů se sklonem k synantropnímu způsobu života. V sumáru 57 druhů z patnácti čeledí, které byly zařazeny do článku, dominují pěvci (41 druhů). Přestože jde o subjektivní výběr a jednotlivé druhy ptáků nebylo možné podrobněji charakterizovat, uvedené informace mohou návštěvníkům této oblasti usnadnit orientaci při setkání se zástupci avifauny latinskoamerických sídel., Many bird species are involved in processes of adaptation to life in human settlements, not only in Europe, but also in Latin America. During several trips to tropical countries in the New World, from Mexico to Argentina, the authors noted several dozen bird species in the cities and the countryside that tended to adopt a synanthropic lifestyle. Songbirds predominate (with 41 species) in a list of 57 species from the 15 families presented. The article may help visitors to the region find their bearings among the birdlife in Latin American conurbations., and Jozef Májský, Stanislav Chudý.
Současná diverzita tropické flóry a bioty Latinské Ameriky je výsledkem řady historických událostí, ke kterým došlo během jejího dlouhého vývoje. Výskyt stejných či příbuzných čeledí, rodů nebo druhů v oblastech a na kontinentech představujících součásti někdejšího prakontinentu Gondwana jsou výsledkem působení tří mechanismů: rozpadu souvislého areálu výskytu (vikariance) na území někdejší Gondwany, migrací rostlin přes kontinenty severní polokoule a disperzí přes oceány. Při mezikontinentálním rozšíření řady čeledí však často nehrál roli jen jeden z výše uvedených mechanismů, ale často šlo o jejich kombinace. Tím se stává studium historie různých taxonů komplikovanější. K jejímu odhalení je potřeba mít jasnou představu o stáří jejich jednotlivých vývojových linií, umožňující správnou interpretaci působení konkrétního mechanismu na jejich dnešní rozšíření a diverzitu., The tropical flora and biota of Latin America was influenced during its long history by several events that led to their current diversity and disjunct distribution. Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain the occurrence of the same or closely related families, genera and/or species among fragments of former Gondwana: vicariance, migration of plants across the continents and long distance dispersion. Recent intercontinental distribution of several taxa is commonly a result of their combination. Good knowledge of the age of principal lineages is needed for the correct interpretation of the effect of these mechanisms on the distribution and diversity of the investigated lineages., and Anna Potůčková, Daniel Stančík.
Two new lung-dwelling nematode species of the genus Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905 were discovered in Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará state, Brazil. Rhabdias galactonoti sp. n. was found in a dendrobatid frog Adelphobates galactonotus (Steindachner). The species is characterised by the regularly folded inner surface of the anterior part of the buccal capsule seen in apical view, flask-shaped oesophageal bulb and narrow, elongated tail. Rhabdias stenocephala sp. n. from two species of leptodactylid frogs, Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti) (type host) and L. paraensis (Heyer), is characterised by a narrow anterior end that is separated from the remaining body by a constriction. Both species possess six small but distinct lips, a cuticle that is inflated along the whole body, a doliiform buccal capsule separated into a longer anterior and a shallow, ring-shaped posterior part, lateral pores in the body cuticle and zones of spermatogenesis in the syngonia. Rhabdias galactonoti sp. n. is the first species of the genus found in Dendrobatidae; R. stenocephala sp. n. is the second species described from Leptodactylidae in eastern Amazonia., Yuriy Kuzmin, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo, Heriberto Figueira da Silva Filho, Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos., and Obsahuje bibliografii