This paper examines the results of fault microdisplacement analyses obtained from sites located both at the surface and underground in western Slovakia. The results of surface monitoring showed significant annual climatic effects on the various displacement components. In contrast, the results of underground monitoring in caves showed minimal climatic effects. It is seen that the influence of climate decreases markedly with depth. The yearly peak-to-peak amplitude of climatic variations may be as high as 1 mm at the surface but only 0.1 mm underground. The amount of tectonic displacement can be determined once such climatic considerations have been taken into account. Our fault displacement measurements show horizontal strike-slip rates of tenths of mm or hundredths of mm per year. In addition, vertical displacements have been recorded at Prekážka Quarry, Driny Cave, and Slopy Cave. The network is sufficiently dense to identify changes in displacement activity recorded during recent, significant, earthquake events. Furthermore, three gauges have also helped to determine the local stress orientation in Driny Cave., Miloš Briestenský, Blahoslav Košťák, Josef Stemberk, Ľubomír Petro, Jozef Vozár and Lucia Fojtíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
One of the leaved out fault active systems at Southern Moravian can be considered the so called Diendorf - Čebín tectonic zone (DCTZ), that is seismically active in its southern segment (in Austrian). The Waitzendorf fault is a part of the DCTZ, with intensive morphological signs. The terrain recognizance along the eastern margin of the Dyje Dome confirmed many indi cations showing evidence of geodynamic activity. The facets, old land slides and rock falls indicate recent activity in the environs of Znojmo area. The paper offers interpretation of the geodetic results (GPS) using morphological and geophysical data from all area of the DCTZ ., Lubomil Pospíšil, Pavel Roštínský, Otakar Švábenský, Josef Weigel and Michal Witiska., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
In presented work, raw, expanded and acid treated vermiculites were used as low-cost and active adsorbents for reducing of environmental pollution with heavy metals. Acid treatment was performed at elevated temperature (95°C) for 2 and 24 h in solution of HNO3. Adsorption capacity towards Fe3+ was studied in column, semi-batch and batch mode. It was shown that all samples are effective in removal of heavy metals; however adsorption mechanism is based not only on ion exchange of interlayer cations but also precipitation/deposition processes. Starting material and modified samples as well as spent adsorbents were characterized with respect to the vermiculite structure using X-ray diffraction method., Agnieszka Węgrzyn, Lucjan Chmielarz, Paweł Zjeżdżalka, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Magdalena Jabłońska, Xavier Baldrich Tolosa and Marek Michalik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Adsorption of phenol and aniline onto original and with quaternary ammonium salts (QASs)-modified montmorillonite was described by sorption isotherms of type III and II, respectively. For the montmorillonite (MMT) modification - hydrophobisation, cetyltrimethyl- ammonium (CTMA) and tetramethylammonium (TMA ) cations were used. In comparison with phenol, aniline was adsorbed largely on original MMT but less on modified one. XRD pa tterns indicated that both aromatic compounds were intercalated in the MMT interlayer be ing perpendicularly oriented to silicate sheets. Alkyl chains of CTMA and TMA probably act as organic "pillars" stabilising the MMT tabular structure against exfoliation due to the intercalation with phenol and aniline of high concentrations., Hana Kostelníková, Petr Praus and Martina Turicová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Phenolic compounds are common pollutants found particularly in the effluents from petroleum and petrochemical, coal conversion, and phenol producing industries. Due to their toxicity and carcinogenity, water and wastewater containing phenolic compounds must be treated before being used and discharged for receiving water bodies. There is a growing interest in using low-cost and commercially available materials for the adsorption of organic compounds. Clay minerals have great potential to remove phenols in water due to efficient sorbents which can be used as alternative adsorbents to replace the costly activated carbon. They are widely applied in many fields of adsorption technology including the removal of amines, metals, ketones, phosphates, chlorophyll, non-ionic contaminants, and organic pigments/dyes. Montmorillonitic smectites, {(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)-(OH)2.nH2O} are one of the natural clay minerals that have specific surface chemical properties. In this study, a factorial experimental design technique was used to investigate the adsorption of phenol from water solution on montmorillonite. Factorial design of experiments is employed to study the effect of three factors: pH (2.0 and 8.0), montmorillonite dosage (0.1 and 1.0 g/L) and initial low and high concentration (10 and 100 mg/L). The efficiency of phenol adsorption was determined after 60 min of treatment. Main effects and interaction effects of three factors were analyzed by using statistical techniques. A regression model was found to fit the experimental data very well. Through using the Student’s t-test, analysis of variance, F-test and lack of fit to define most important process variables affecting the percentage phenol adsorption., Feza Geyikçi and Semra Çoruh., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Aerial photogrammetry was chosen as an additional observation method of the subsidence depression that was created above exploited coal mining panels near Karviná. While individual points of a permanent observation network were repeatedly surveyed by GNSS, the whole subsidence depression was surveyed by the aerial photogrammetry. As this method was applied three times (during three years) we can compare its results in individual years and observe the major surface changes on the undermined area. Also, a comparison was realized between the points’ coordinates gained from both aerial photogrammetry and GNSS. The results show that the method of aerial photogrammetry enriches and complements the GNSS observation in monitoring the spatial development and shape of the subsidence depression, especially in the areas of active recultivation., Vlastimil Kajzar, Hana Doležalová, Kamil Souček and Lubomír Staš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Irreversible moisture expansion of specimens made from porous ceramics of historical fired tiles is analysed here. Irreversible moisture expansion values, which reflect the rate of body ageing, were determined by heating at a temperature of 650 °C for 20 minutes and by repeated dilatometric measurement until a te mperature of 700 °C. To evaluate body ageing due to moisture expansion, it is necessary to specify the non-crystalline phase content. The causative factors influencing body ageing can be determined on bodies that have comparable non-crystalline phase content and are of similar chemical and mineralogical composition. Sufficient data set may facilitate a roughestimate of the age of historical ceramics., Vladimír Hanykýř, Alexandra Koužková, Petr Bouška and Miroslav Vokáč., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The requirements of conservators who take care of historical monuments are that the materials for rehabilitation of old renders should have a composition as similar to the historical materials as possible and should provide improvement in durability. Fine and coarse sepiolite and synthetic zeolite pellets were chosen as additives in the development of lime mortars for conservation work, due to their unique adsorption properties providing water to the mortar system and acting as water reservoirs in conditions of low humidity. Flexural and compressive strength and the dynamic modulus of elasticity were studied at 28, 90 and 180 days of curing. Addition of both fine and coarse sepiolite and zeolite pellets caused improvement of mechanical strength of mortars, clearly evident at later ages of curing. Elasticity modulus ranged from 2.3 GPa to 3.6 GPa relating to a high deformation capability of mortars and confirming their suitability for use in conservation work., Slávka Andrejkovičová, Eduardo Ferraz, Ana L. Velosa, António S. Silva and Fernando Rocha., and Obsahuje bibliografii