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2. "Nejrychlejší" laureáti Nobelových cen za fyziku v letech 1955-1965

Creator:
Jindra, Jiří
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Glaser, Donald, Mössbauer, Rudolf, dějiny, Nobelova cena (ocenění), nositelé cen a vyznamenání, physics, history, Nobel Prizes, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
Počátkem ledna 2016 se pooteřely dveře Nobelova archivu ve Stockholmu. Byly odtajněny materiály v české literatuře nepublikované, totiž návrhy na Nobelovy ceny za fyziku a za chemii z let 1955-65. Nobelovy ceny za fyziku udělené v tomto období měly dalekosáhlý význam pro tento vědní obor., Jiří Jindra., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
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3. "V naší zemi bude konec války psán krví." Kolektivní násilí roku 1945 v českých zemích jako politika, kultura a sociální praxe

Creator:
Mrňka, Jaromír
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
history, Czech lands, collective violence, May 1945, violent rituals, mass atrocities, ethnic cleansing, specialist in violence, rage and fury, and dehumanization
Language:
Czech
Description:
The study is focused on the phenomenon of collective violence that took place in the territory of the Czech lands during the spring and summer 1945. Albeit the war operations had been concluded since the 8th May 1945, general living conditions resembled rather a continuation of the war in the time - at least until the end of the July 1945. Despite the traditional interpretation of the May 1945 as a crucial reversal, the study focuses on the collective violence as a phenomenon overlapping traditional turning points. Remaining high amount of violent interactions is an element connecting the final war operations with the first weeks and months after. Applying concepts of political sociology (Charles Tilly), social psychology (Philip Zimbardo) and sociology (Randall Collins) the study strives to capture interdependent nature of collective violence between its structural preconditions and situational dynamics. Based on the quantitative evaluation of the acts of collective violence, the first part outlines a macro social topography of collective violence with the main focus on the period between April and August 1945. The main point is an identification of key actors of the politics of collective violence and their correlation to basic configurations of particular political regimes (i.e. occupational regime of the so called Protectorate and limited democratic regime of Czechoslovakia after May 1945). The second part evaluates social and cultural mechanisms facilitating escalation of violent situations into mass atrocities.The study identifies impulsive acts of collective violence as limited to temporary transitive violent rituals and turns attention to the important role of the state organised specialists in concrete violent situations. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
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4. Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf

Creator:
Hauner, Milan
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
history, Hitler’s life, and Führer
Language:
English
Description:
Christian Hartmann, Thomas Vordermeyer, Othmar Plöckinger, and Roman Töppel (eds.). Hitler, Mein Kampf: Eine kritische Edition. Munich and Berlin: Institut für Zeitgeschichte, 2016, vols 1-2, 947 + 1019 pp., ISBN 978-3-9814052-3-1. With Edith Raim, Pascal Trees, Angelika Reizle, and Martina Seewald-Mooser. Includes illustrations, maps, a list of all known translations of Mein Kampf before 1945, a list of abbreviations, a detailed bibliography in three parts (before 1932, 1933-45, after 1945), and four indexes (a biographical index and indexes of persons, places, and subjects).In the form of an essay, the author comments here on the 2016 critical edition of Hitler’s Mein Kampf (1925-26), edited by a team of historians from the Institute of Contemporary History in Munich, with additional assistance from others. He contemplates the nature and importance of this book and discusses its author and his meaning in the history of twentieth-century central Europe. He then discusses some of the ideas of Mein Kampf, and clarifi es the historical context of the work, returning to the circumstances that led to its being written and published. He also discusses some of Hitler’s fellow travellers in the Nazi movement, who were of importance for this key work. The author brings up episodes in Hitler’s life, and pays particular attention to his still unclear transformation from an apolitical soldier into a zealous antisemite and political agitator of exceptional rhetorical skill, who was able to bewitch the German people and become their Führer. The author also discusses the diffi culties that the editors of this critical edition had to struggle with, and he praises their work as utterly solid and astonishingly thorough, particularly the commentaries in the huge critical apparatus. The author concludes by discussing reactions both to the fi rst edition of Mein Kampf and to this critical edition, and he discusses various attempts to publish a Czech edition.
Rights:
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5. Ako a prečo sa menilo fyzikálne poznávanie

Creator:
Šebesta, Juraj
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyzika, dějiny, physics, history, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
V dejinách fyziky sa viac ráz zásadne zmenili spôsoby poznávania, či princípy systematizácie poznatkov a budovania fyzikálnych teórií. V článku stručne rozoberieme zmeny v chápaní vzťahu empírie a teórie, charakteru fyzikálnych zákonov, úplnosti či neúplnosti nášho opisu prírodných javov, príčinnosti, derminismu a indeterminizmu, vplyv pozorovateľa na proces merania, poslania a miesta matematiky vo fyzike. Objasníme, prečo nastali uvedené zmeny vo fyzikálnom poznávaní a ukážeme, že vznik každej významnej fyzikálnej teórie bol sprevádzaný zmenami tohto typu. and Juraj Šebesta.
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6. Antonín Hobza – naivní snílek, nebo opatrný realista?

Creator:
Bílková, Veronika
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Antonín Hobza, history, international institutions, international law, historie, mezinárodní instituce, and mezinárodní právo
Language:
Czech
Description:
Příspěvek se zaměřuje na dílo profesora Antonína Hobzy, československého odborníka na mezinárodní právo první poloviny 20. století. První část představuje a hodnotí jeho chápání mezinárodního práva s ohledem na změny, k nimž od Hobzovy doby došlo v oblasti subjektů, pramenů a základních zásad tohoto práva. Druhá část uvádí a analyzuje Hobzovy odhady budoucího vývoje v oblasti mezinárodního práva, týkající se vztahu přirozenoprávního a pozitivistického přístupu, vzniku mezinárodních institucí, včetně stálých soudních orgánů, změn v oblasti kontroly dodržování a vynucování mezinárodního práva a vztahu mezinárodního práva a vnitrostátních právních řádů. Příspěvek dokládá, že i když ve své době mohl Hobza působit jako naivní snílek, z dnešního pohledu vychází z hodnocení spíše jako opatrný realista. Hobza správně identifikoval hlavní vývojové trendy mezinárodního práva, podcenil ale rychlost a rozsah změn, jimiž toto právo v posledních desetiletích prošlo. and The article introduces the work of professor Antonín Hobza, a Czechoslovak expert on international law who lived in the first half of the 20th century. The first section presents and assesses Hobza’s view of international law taking into account changes that have taken place in international law since Hobza’s concerning its subjects, sources and fundamental principles. The second sections gives an overview of Hobza’s estimates for the future development of international law, concerning the relationship between natural law and positive law, the establishment of international institutions, including permanent international courts, changes with respect to the control and enforcement mechanisms and the relationship between international law and national legal orders. The article shows that although in his time,Hobza could have been seen as a naive utopian, from today’s point of view, he rather scores as a cautious realist.Having successfuly identified the main trends of the future development of international law, Hobza underestimated the rate and extent of this development
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7. Básník jako oběť, svědek i žalobce: kontradějiny v básnické skladbě Ivana Diviše Moje oči musely vidět (1987-1989)

Creator:
Vojvodík, Josef
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
lyrika, svědectví, dějiny, kritika historismu, fikce, faktualita, lyric, testimony, history, criticism of historicism, fiction, and factuality
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ivan Diviš’s My Eyes had to See (1987–1989) can be considered one of the finest poetic creations and performances of Czech poetry at the end of the 20th century. Its powerful effect lies in the fact that it combines poetic testimony, (auto)biographical intimacy, a suprapersonal, generally applicable message and a reflection on universal history and the modern Czech history of the last century in both fiction and fact. It is as if the identity of the poet is actually determined by the testimony: the poet is the one who sees, must see, and bear witness to what he sees.
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8. Časopis Matice moravské - historické periodikum v proměnách doby

Creator:
Chocholáč, Bronislav
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Matice moravská (Moravian Foundation), scientific journal, scientific associations, history of publication activities, and history
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article deals with the circumstances of founding, subsequent development and the most important characteristics of the Časopis Matice moravské (founded in 1869). It also describes and analyses the institutional and social-political context of the important milestones in the history of this periodical that belongs to the oldest scientific journals in Central Europe focused on history, linguistics and cultural history.
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9. Časopis Národního muzea v letech 1827-2012

Creator:
Woitschová, Klára
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
National Museum in Prague, the oldest scientific journal in Bohemia, history of publication activities, history, and museology
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article deals with the circumstances of founding, subsequent development and the most important characteristics of the Časopis Národního muzea (founded 1827). It also describes and analyses the institutional and social-political context of the important milestones in the history of this periodical that belongs to the oldest scientific journals in Central Europe focused on history, linguistics and cultural history.
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10. České přehledy pokroků světové fyziky za léta 1901-1914

Creator:
Valenta, Jan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Raýman, Bohuslav, 1852-1910, Kučera, Bohumil, 1874-1921, Novák, Vladimír, 1869-1944, Záviška, František, 1879-1945, Žáček, August, 1886-1961, Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění, 1901-1930, fyzika, dějiny, physics, history, Česko, Czechia, Věstník ČAVU, Přehledy pokroků fyziky, Bulletin ČAVU, Reports of progress in physics, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
At the beginning of the 20th century the task of reviewing all available literature across different scientific fields was initiated by professor Raýman, the general secretary of the Czech Academy of Emperor Franz Joseph for Science, Literature and Arts (CASLA). The first review for 1901 (in Czech language) appeared in the CASLA Bulletin during 1902. However, later, until the 1914 review, which was partially published in 1916, the reviews only consisted of physics reports. Usually, about five authors wrote the physical review covering different fields. Beginning in 1903, the review was also published as a separate book. The first 10 years of physical reviews referenced about 15 thousands papers from all available global literature., Jan Valenta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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