Článek se zabývá problematikou testu oboustranné trestnosti dle evropského zatýkacího rozkazu a jeho cílem je analyzovat způsob uplatňování testu oboustranné trestnosti mezi členskými státy Evropské unie v rámci předávání osob, přičemž se článek soustředí na evropské zatýkací rozkazy vydané na katalánské politiky v souvislosti s konáním referenda o nezávislosti Katalánska na Španělském království a na ně navazující rozhodnutí belgického a německého soudu. Článek je rozčleněn do tří částí. První část analyzuje rozhodnutí německého i belgického soudu o výkonu zmíněných evropských zatýkacích rozkazů. V preambuli rámcového rozhodnutí o evropském zatýkacím rozkazu je proklamováno, že je založen na vysoké úrovni důvěry mezi členskými státy Evropské unie. V druhé části je proto nahlíženo na aplikaci testu oboustranné trestnosti v předmětné kauze také optikou této zásady a zásady vzájemného uznávání soudních rozhodnutí, upozorněno na problémy, které nedostatečná judikatura a přístup členských států přináší, a poukázáno na úroveň ochoty členských států Evropské unie spolupracovat v této oblasti. V třetí části článku je pak rozebrána aktuální překážka v předání po vydání třetího eurozatykače – europoslanecká imunita a nejnovější judikatura Soudního dvora EU týkající se této problematiky. and The article deals with the issue of dual criminality test under the European arrest warrant and its aim is to analyze the way of applying dual criminality test between the Member States of the European Union while surrendering persons. It focuses on the European arrest warrants issued against Catalan politicians in relation to the Catalan referendum regarding the independence from the Kingdom of Spain and the subsequent decisions of the Belgian and German courts. The article is divided into three parts. The first part analyses the decisions of the German and Belgian courts on the execution of the European arrest warrants. The preamble of the Framework Decision on the European arrest warrant states that it is based on a high level of confidence between the Member States of the European Union. Thus, this article evaluates the application of the dual criminality test in the case in question also from the perspective of this principle and the principle of mutual recognition of criminal decisions, points out the problems that the lack of case-law and approach of the Member States bring and assesses the level of willingness of the Member States of the European Union to cooperate in this area. The third part deals with the current impediment to the surrender after issuing the third European arrest warrant – the immunity of members of the European Parliament and presents the newest judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU regarding this issue.
Text rukopisu psaný ve dvou sloupcích na pergamenu., Obsahuje tři celostránkové miniatury s evangelisty Markem, Lukášem a Janem., and Datace převzata z textu u poslední miniatury.
Low detectability of small nocturnal carnivores and biases associated to different census methods hamper the interpretation and reliability of the results of censuses and habitat studies of many cryptic and elusive species, especially because of false-negatives and/or lack of negatives. In order to overcome this problem, methodologies based on the use of presence-only data have been used to predict distribution of species. In this paper, we used presence data of two abundant nocturnal carnivores to test for segregation in their habitat. We compared niche overlap between the common genet and the stone marten at two different spatial scales, home range scale and landscape scale, through logistic regression analyses using presence-only data from Biscay, an area in which both species are common and widespread. We found great niche overlap at both spatial scales, but in spite of it logistic regression analyses found statistically significant differences in the predictor values of some variables. Habitat of genets and stone marten was differentiated by areas with dense vegetation that were of importance for genets, and open areas that were characteristic of stone marten habitat. We suggest that competition between the two species causes the observed segregation.
The aim of the paper is further presentation of some destructive and non-destructive methods for investigation of mechanical properties of natural stone quarried and used as a building material in Bohemia in the past. Tested samples were made both from virgin material from existing quarries (e.g. sandstone from Hořice) and from material acquired from historical constructions (various sandstones from the Charles Bridge in Prague), which was built-in for a long time. The flexural strength, the compressive strength and Young modulus were obtained from basic destructive tests. Before performing these tests the identical samples were investigated non-destructively by ultrasound and so called peeling test so that the two ways of testing could be compared in the end. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The dynamics of the mistuned model of the tests bladed disc with double perodicity was experimentally investigated. The mistuning arised due to the implemantation of two bunches of blades with damping heads fixed on opposite ends of the diameter. The dry friction effect in the heads was treated. The scale for measurement of the electromagnetic force acting on the disc was designed. It enables to analyse the real electromagnetic excitation of the disc under rotation and evaluation of the FRF characteristics from measured blade responses under rotation. The identified eigenfrequencies and damping constan ts served as indicators for assessment of stiffening and damping effects of the friction couplings in the heads. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Predictions of stream landscape theory were tested with common agency fishery data in watersheds heavily fragmented by dams and barriers; large stream fragments support higher species diversity, more abundant populations, and a greater range of fish sizes. Study watersheds discharge to the Hudson River in New York USA, drain rocky and high relief landscapes, and have numerous mill dams and stream barriers. Stream fragments with fish collections ranged from 0.3 km to 119 km in contiguous length. Larger stream fragments had more diverse fish communities but not higher fish densities nor a wider range of fish sizes. However, almost all large stream fragments were supporting reproduction and rearing of the dominant stream species (brown trout Salmo trutta, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis) while small fragments had no evidence of providing this fish community support. Therefore, consistent with the fundamental basis of stream landscape theory, large stream networks provide support for more species and more secure populations. The study supports the concept that diverse fish communities and secure populations benefit from access to a wide range of stream habitats.
The extent to which sex differences in cardiac function may be attributed to the direct myocardial influence of testosterone is unclear. In this study the effects of gonadal testosterone withdrawal (GDX) and replacement (GDX+T) in rats, on cardiomyocyte shortening and intracellular Ca2+ handling was investigated (0.5 Hz, 25 oC). At all extracellular [Ca2+] tested (0.5-2.0 mM), the Ca2+ transient amplitude was significantly reduced (by ~ 50 %) in myocytes of GDX rats two weeks post- gonadectomy. The time course of Ca2+ transient decay was significantly prolonged in GDX myocytes (tau, 455±80 ms) compared with intact (279±23 ms) and GDX+T (277±19 ms). Maximum shortening of GDX myocytes was markedly reduced (by more than 60 %) and relaxation significantly delayed (by more than 35 %) compared with intact and GDX+T groups. Thus testosterone replacement completely reversed the cardiomyocyte hypocontractility induced by gonadectomy. These results provide direct evidence for a role of testosterone in regulating functional Ca2+ handling and contractility in the heart., C. L. Curl ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury