A brief nomenclatural history of Vavraia culicis (Weiser, 1947), the type species for the genus Vavraia Weiser, 1977, is presented together with a detailed description of the cytological and ultrastructural characteristics of a Vavraia culicis-like microsporidian species isolated from Aedes albopictus (Scuse) in Florida. This ''Florida isolate'', is the only known isolate of a species of the genus Vavraia from mosquitoes propagated in laboratory culture. Although the Florida isolate has been used under the name Vavraia culicis in several molecular phylogeny and host-parasite studies, it has not been structurally characterized and its relationship to the type species Vavraia culicis has never been examined. Structural data strongly support placement of the Florida isolate within the genus Vavraia and indicate its close relationship to both the type species of the genus and to other Vavraia-like mosquito microsporidia to which the name V. culicis has been applied. However, the identity of the Florida isolate with V. culicis (Weiser, 1947) Weiser, 1977 cannot be presently confirmed. Morphometric examination of spores of several Vavraia-like microsporidia isolates from mosquitoes, including the type material of Vavraia culicis, indicates that Vavraia culicis-like microsporidia probably represent not a single species, but a group of closely related organisms. Subspecies status is proposed for the Florida isolate.
Příspěvek1 je věnován popisu a srovnání písemného projevu žáka třetí třídy, který píše v běžném modelu vázaného písma (latinka) a v modelu písma nevázaného (Comenia Script). Odlišuje obtíže v psaní, které jsou pro dané období typické od těch, které by mohly naznačovat závažnější problémy. Žáci, kteří byli zapojeni do výzkumného projektu (N = 180), byli vyučováni metodou psaní Comenia Script a běžnou vázanou latinkou. Na konci třetí třídy (v roce 2013) prošli diagnostickou prověrkou, prostřednictvím které byly sledovány písařské a pisatelské dovednosti v obou modelech psaní. K hodnocení písemných produktů byla upravena hodnotící škála Veverkové a Kucharské (2012), která zahrnovala popis jevů, vážících se na grafomotorické a gramatické aspekty psaní, včetně celkové chybovosti a práce s chybou. Každá sledovaná oblast zahrnovala sérií ukazatelů, jejichž prostřednictvím bylo možno vytvořit ucelenou představu o podobě písemného projevu v daném období. Každý ukazatel byl samostatně bonifikován na tříbodové škále. Díky tomu vznikl celistvý obraz podoby písma současného školáka ve dvou vyučovaných modelech písma ve 3. ročníku. Dosažené výsledky by mohly sloužit v psychologické poradenské praxi. and This study is focused on the comparison of handwriting of pupils in the third grade of elementary school. There were two groups of subjects, the first one used ordinary handwriting and the second used the Comenia Script font. The study describes typical problems related to the learning level of both groups and pinpoints these which could be symptoms of more serious problems. The research sample was a group of 180 pupils divided equally. There was a diagnostic testing at the end of third grade (2013) focused on currently achieved handwriting skills of both groups. The methods and the differences were logged. For evaluation purposes there was used a modified assessing scale of Veverková and Kucharská (2012). It consists of four categories: graphomotoric aspects of handwriting, orthographic aspects of handwriting, the error rate and the ability of correcting errors. Every category contains number of indicators through which we completed overall apprehension of the handwriting level for examined pupils. Every indicator was independently classified at 1–3 scale. Results of this study might be used in the clinical psychological consulting.
The presented article examines the early medieval settlement in Brno- -Medlánky. The archaeological finds were evaluated to obtain settlement spatial development and to reveal the practical, social and natural dimension of the settlement after the synthesis of the evidence. The relevance of the site in relation to early medieval Brno was also considered. The large quantity of ceramics, which was essential for this research, was processed using the database of J. Macháček. This enabled me to date the settlement between the 6th/7th to the 9th/10th century and, based on quantification, to characterise the morphological and technological features of the complex. The archaeological material was also compared with the material from other similar sites. The results of this analysis were acquired from data in the graphs, figures and quantification tables. The other findings were processed using descriptive models. Scientific analyses have proven the presence of blacksmithing and iron metallurgy at the site. Agricultural activities and processing of leather and textile were also documented at the site. The typical cumulative structure was evaluated within the framework of spatial analyses, together with the form and spatial development of the settlement. Moreover, the article deals with the complete skeletons of two dogs and one horse, and the human skeleton found in a storage pit. The complete animal skeletons were probably deposited for hygienic reasons; the human skeleton possibly proves an execution.
During the last 12 years, 23 mollusc species were recorded in the Czech Republic for the first time. With the exception of several introduced and invasive species, some of these molluscs are native, rare and even endangered, including Pagodulina pagodula. This rare woodland snail of Alpine origin was found in spring 2012 in the Mutenská obora Nature Reserve, which includes the forested slopes above the Moravská Dyje River in South Moravia. This is another occurrence of the species outside its Alpine range, in addition to one site in Poland, two in Slovakia, and a few sites in Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula. The species was also recorded in the Czech Republic in several interglacial sediments of the Pleistocene and also in one profile of Holocene origin (Atlantic period), not far away from the recent site. and Adam Lacina, Michal Horsák.