Sofia Kovalevskaya was not only a great Russian mathematician, but also a writer and advocate of women's rights in the 19th century. After concluding her sexondary schooling, Sofia was determined to continue her education at the university level. She travelled to Heidelberg to study mathematics, but discovered there that as a woman she could not graduate. In 1870 she moved to Berlin to study with Karl Meierstrass, in 1874 she was granted a Ph.D. from the Göttingen University. In 1883 she received an invitation from Gösta Mittag-Leffler to lecture at the University of Stockholm. Sophia's most famous work is on the theory of partial differential equations, and on the rotation of a solid body about a fixed point. Sophia died very young, at the age of 41, from pneumonia., Ivo Kraus., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Mezi autory se diskutuje o souvislosti mezi emocionalitou a pocitem ţivotní smysluplnosti. Některé výzkumy tuto souvislost naznačují. Cílem našeho výzkumu bylo zasadit problematiku ţivotní smysluplnosti do kontextu lidské emocionality a zjistit, zda existuje vzájemná souvislost subjektivně pociťovaného emocionálního stavu a ţivotní smysluplnosti. Výzkum byl proveden pomocí dotazníkové metody, konkrétně pouţitím dotazníku smysluplnosti lidské existence Logo-testu a testu PANAS-X1 zaměřeného na zkoumání emocí. Zúčastnili se jej studenti vysokých škol (N=120). K ověření hypotéz bylo provedeno vyhodnocení získaných dat pomocí popisné statistiky. Výsledky výzkumu potvrzují vzájemnou souvislost pozitivních i negativních emocí s vnímanou existenciální frustrací. and The connection between emotionality and meaningfulness of life is often discussed nowadays. Some research results suggest a connection. The goal of our research was to place the problematic of meaningfulness of life into the context of human emocionality and to find out if there is a connection between subjectively experienced meaningfulness and human emocionality. Questionnaires were used as a method of data collection: Logo-test, the questionnaire of life meaningfullness and the PANAS-X test (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded Form). The questionnaires were distributed among university students (N=120). To prove the stated hypothesis methods of descriptive statistics were used. The research suggests that both positive and negative emotions are closely associated with perceived existential frustration.
Výzkum je zaměřen na životní spokojenost a copingové strategie žen, které podstupují své první umělé oplodnění. Cílem bylo také vytipovat strategie, které se ukazují pro tuto situaci jako adaptivní nebo neadaptivní. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo celkem 139 žen, které vyplnily Dotazník životní spokojenosti (Fahrenberg, Myrtek, Schumacher, & Brahler, 2001) a Cope Inventory (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989) v době začátku své léčby.
Z výsledků vyplývá, že ženy jsou ve srovnání s ostatními aspekty životní spokojenosti nejvíce spokojené se svým partnerstvím, bydlením a sexualitou, nejméně spokojené pak se svým trávením volného času a finanční situací. Z copingových strategií užívají tyto ženy nejčastěji strategie Plánování, Pozitivní reinterpretaci a Aktivní coping. Jako adaptivní strategie pro situaci neplodnosti a její léčby se ukázaly strategie Vyhledávání sociální opory a Pozitivní reinterpretace, naopak strategie Popření se ukázala jako neadaptivní.
Výzkum také naznačuje možné implikace do psychologického poradenství ženám, které se v této situaci nacházejí. and This research is focused on life satisfaction and coping strategies of women undergoing their first IVF treatment. The aim was also to find coping strategies which are adaptive or non-adaptive for this situation. The sample of 139 women filled in two questionnaires: Life satisfaction questionnaire (Fahrenberg, Myrtek, Schumacher, & Brahler, 2001) and COPE Inventory (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989) at the beginning of their treatment.
Results show that women are most satisfied with their partnership, housing and sexuality in compared with other aspects of life satisfaction, and they are at least satisfied with their leisure time and financial state. From coping strategies they use the most often Planning, Positive reinterpretation and active coping. As adaptive coping strategies we found Seeking of social support and Positive reinterpretation, on the contrary we found coping strategy Denial not adaptive.
There are some useful implications forms this research for psychological counseling for women undergoing IVF treatment.
The article focuses on the relationship between marital status and life satisfaction in the countries of Europe. The first part of the article discusses subjective evaluations of life satisfaction and the theoretical concepts that explain differences in the levels of life satisfaction according to marital status. The second part of the article is devoted to empirical analyses of data from the European Social Survey (ESS), the results of which indicate that in the countries studied married people tend to be more satisfied with life than others, even though the strength of this effect varies. The differences in the effect of marriage cannot be ascribed to a given society's divorce rate. In some countries the life satisfaction of the cohabiting population is almost as high as for married people, while in other countries it is closer to the level of life satisfaction observed among single people, and in other countries the level of satisfaction of the cohabitating individuals lies midway between married and single people.
Celkové počty bakterií v půdách pohoří Ladak (Indie) nejsou ovlivněny polštářovitou rostlinou Thylacospermum caespitosum (čeledˇ hvozdíkovité, patří k tzv. ekosystémovým inženýrům) ani nadmořskou výškou (4 600 – 5 900 m n.m.), ale tyto dva faktory ovlivňují složení mikrobiálního společenstva. Získaná data rozšířila znalosti o r/K strategii heterotrofních bakterií půd v alpínském a subniválním pásu Himálaje, kde doposud nebyla provedena na toto téma žádná studie. and The total number of bacteria in soils of the Ladakh Mountains (India) are not affected by the cushion plant Thylacospermum caespitosum (family Caryophyllaceae, the ecosystem engineer) and the altitude (4,600–5,900 m a. s. l.), but these two factors affect the composition of microbial communities. The data obtained in this pioneer study extend our knowledge of the r/K-strategy of heterotrophic bacterial species in soils of the Himalayas.
Šídlatky (rod Isoëtes) jsou prastaré plavuně s pozoruhodnými adaptacemi na nedostatek živinových zdrojů ve vlastním prostředí. Jejich unikátní životní strategie je dodnes úspěšná, ne však bezmezně odolná vůči globálním změnám prostředí. Šídlatky tvoří významnou složku vyhraněných vodních i suchozemských ekosystémů a citlivě indikují jejich stav. Detailní znalost anatomie, fyziologie a ekologie těchto živoucích fosilií je klíčem k pochopení fungování a zranitelnosti jejich často rozsáhlých biotopů a zajištění jejich ochrany, případně obnovy., Quillworts (genus Isoëtes) are ancient lycophytes with remarkable adaptations to the sparse nutrient sources in their environment. Their unique life strategy has been successful to these days, but not entirely resistant to the global environmental changes. Quillworts make up an important component in well-defined aquatic and dry-land ecosystems and sensitively indicate their state. A detailed knowledge of the anatomy, physiology and ecology of these living fossils is the key to understanding the operation and vulnerability of their often extensive biotopes and to ensuring their protection or recovery., and Martina Čtvrtlíková.
The article provides information on parental leave taken by fathers in the Czech Republic in comparison with the situation in other European countries. Above all, a concrete assessment based on the experience of families in which men have already taken advantage of parental leave are described; only briefly are mentioned attitudes of Czech parents generally towards parental leave taken by fathers. It introduces life-style of Czech families with fathers using parental leave on the basis of conducted qualitative research. The main stress is put on the actors´ point of view, which is presented in relation with broader social context, especially in the field of gender roles and reconciliation of family and work life. As an example, one case study was presented to point out the trends of new fatherhood and life-style of the families where father is taking parental leave. It has been found that families in which fathers have used parental leave for some period of time appreciate the experience on the whole.