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482. Pre- and post-parturial aspects of scorpion reproduction: a review
- Creator:
- Warburg, Michael R.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Scorpiones, fertilization, insemination, gestation, parturition, birth, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Although scorpions are an ancient group their method of reproduction is rather complex and poorly studied. This review aims at clarifying some of the aspects of their reproduction that are important for understanding the reproductive ecology of other arthropods, including insects. The following aspects of scorpion reproduction are discussed and reviewed: mating, insemination, fertilization, gestation, parturition and birth. The onset of gestation and its duration are difficult to determine as both depend on the time of fertilization, for which there are no accurate estimates. There are only a few records of the time between birth and emergence of a larva from the maternal envelope in apoikogenic scorpions, which is important for a better understanding of ovoviviparity. All these questions are important as the answers will greatly enhance our understanding of the population ecology of scorpions in terms of the recruitment rates of cohorts and their chances of survival., Michael R. Warburg., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
483. Preference of larvae of Enallagma cyathigerum (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) for habitats of varying structural complexity
- Creator:
- Verdonschot, Ralf C.M. and Peeters, Edwin T.H.M
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Enallagma cyathigerum, habitat complexity, macroinvertebrate-macrophyte interaction, Zygoptera, phytomacrofauna, two-choice experiment, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- n macrophyte-rich lentic ecosystems, higher numbers of damselfly larvae occur in areas where there is structurally complex vegetation than in those where the plant architecture is relatively simple. Biotic interactions rather than morphological constraints are considered to underlie this pattern. We investigated whether the preference of the larvae of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum for a particular habitat was retained in absence of prey, predators and/or conspecifics. A series of laboratory choice experiments was conducted in which combinations of sediment and artificial plants differing in structural complexity were offered simultaneously to the larvae. Larvae preferred patches with structurally complex vegetation over patches with simply structured vegetation or lacking vegetation. Patches with simply structured vegetation were preferred over those with bare sediment, but the number of larvae showing a clear choice, which is regarded as an indication of the strength of the preference for a particular habitat, was relatively low compared to the number of individuals responding when complex vegetation was present. Based on the results presented, we conclude that the preference of E. cyathigerum larvae for structurally complex vegetation is independent of the presence of predators, prey or competitors. This suggests that this behaviour of the larvae is either learned or an innate response., Ralf C.M. Verdonschot, Edwin T.H.M. Peeters., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
484. Přehled zemědělsky důležitého ptactva Čech, Moravy a Slezska s návodem k ochraně užitečných druhů
- Creator:
- Janda, Jiří
- Publisher:
- A. Reinwart and Zemědělská rada pro království České v Praze. Český odbor
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, and 48 s. ; 8°
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- 598.2, 59, 2, ptáci, druhy[zool.], zvířata užitečná, ochrana, and Zoologie
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Jiří Janda and Converted from MODS 3.5 to DC version 1.8 (EE patch 2015/06/25)
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
485. Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against Bc48 and development of a rapid detection assay for infection with Babesia caballi in China
- Creator:
- Wang, Panju, Song, Jingjing, Song, Ruiqi, Zhang, Mengyuan, Wu, Lijiang, Li, Fangxin, Yan, Yan, Zhou, Jiyong, Chahan, Bayin, and Liao, Min
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- infekce, infections, Čína, China, Rhoptry protein of B. caballi (Bc48), hybridoma cells, colloidal gold-immunochromatographic test, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Babesia caballi (Nuttal, 1910) is one of the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis which causes economic losses to horse industry in China. There is an urgent need for rapid detection method for B. caballi infection in Xinjiang Province, China. To prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Bc48 gene of B. caballi (Xinjiang local strains) and establish colloidal gold-immunochromatographic (ICT) assay for diagnosis of the disease, recombinant Bc48 was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. With purified Bc48 as immunogen in mice, three hybridoma cells named 11F4, 1H2 and 7F4 secreting mAbs against Bc48 of B. caballi were obtained, which showed strong reaction with recombinant Bc48 and Bc48 gene transfected cells. Furthermore, colloidal gold labelled ICT assay based on purified Bc48 recombinant antigen and its mAb was developed. The ICT assay showed high sensitivity and specificity and no cross-reaction with Theileria equi (Laveran, 1901). Total of 56 horse serum samples collected from Xinjiang were tested by ICT and compared with the detection by commercial ELISA kit. The results showed that 32 out of 56 serum samples were positive by ICT and 33 were positive by ELISA. ICT assay had high coincidence (98%) to the reference ELISA kit. mAbs and ICT developed in this study could be provided as an efficient diagnosis tool for infection with B. caballi in horse in Xinjiang area., Panju Wang, Jingjing Song, Ruiqi Song, Mengyuan Zhang, Lijiang Wu, Fangxin Li, Yan Yan, Jiyong Zhou, Bayin Chahan, Min Liao., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
486. Presence of potential pathogenic genotypes of free-living amoebae isolated from sandboxes in children's playgrounds
- Creator:
- Cholewiński, Marcin, Solarczyk, Piotr, Derda, Monika, Wojtkowiak-Giera, Agnieszka, and Hadaś, Edward
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- genotyp, parazitické organismy, genotype, parasitic organisms, genotyping, Acanthamoeba, parasites, molecular study, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Some free-living amoebae are a potential threat to human health. The best known species are those of the genus Acanthamoeba Volkonsky, 1931, which cause Acanthamoeba keratitis, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and other forms of tissue inflammation. The aim of the present study was to search for potential pathogenic genotypes of free-living amoeba in the sand in children's playgrounds. Our results confirmed that free-living amoebae were present in all examined playgrounds. Sequences of the 18S rDNA have shown that all isolated potentially pathogenic strains of amoebae belong to genotype T4 of Acanthamoeba. The potential pathogenicity of isolates was confirmed on mice. The presence of pathogenic amoebae in the examined sand may be a potential source of human infection., Marcin Cholewiński, Piotr Solarczyk, Monika Derda, Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera, Edward Hadaś., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
487. Preservation of macroparasite species via classic plastination: an evaluation
- Creator:
- Gonzálvez, Moisés, Ortiz, Juana, Navarro, María, and Latorre, Rafael
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitické organismy, sbírky, parasitic organisms, collections, silicone preservation, S10 technique, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Plastination is a preservation method for biological specimens, with important advantages over classic conservation techniques with formaldehyde or alcohol. Plastinated specimens are dry, odourless, and free of carcinogenic and toxic solutions. There are only few references about the plastination of parasites. Moreover, there is no information on the effect of plastination on the morphology and morphometry of these animals. The aim of this study was to define a plastination protocol to preserve various species of parasites, namely the nematodes Parascaris equorum (Goeze, 1782); Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782 and Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856); the acanthecephalan Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781); the trematodes Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819) and the tapeworm Taenia sp. in the best morphological and morphometric conditions. Results showed that some individuals suffered collapse (P. equorum, A. suum, and D. dendriticum). However, other parasites presented good results with almost no change after plastination (D. immitis, M. hirudinaceus and F. hepatica). In conclusion, conventional plastination allowed anatomical preservation of all helminths tested, but modifications to the protocol are needed to prevent collapse., Moisés Gonzálvez, Juana Ortiz, María Navarro, Rafael Latorre., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
488. Prevalence and intensity of Streblidae in bats from a Neotropical savanna region in Brazil
- Creator:
- Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S and Antonini, Yasmine
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- dvoukřídlí, letouni, Diptera, Chiroptera, Jižní Amerika, South America, ectoparasites, Cerrado, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Bats of the family Phyllostomidae are common hosts to streblids known as bat flies. Here, we discuss the component community, prevalence and intensity of infection with species of Streblidae on an assemblage of phyllostomid bats in the Cafuringa Environmental Protection Area (APA Cafuringa) in the core area of the Cerrado in Central Brazil. A total of 1 841 streblid individuals of 24 species occurred on 752 bats of 14 species. Ten species of streblids infected Glossophaga soricina (Pallas), whereas seven or fewer streblid species infected the other bat species. Nine bat fly species presented a prevalence of more than 50%, whereas some differences in the abundance of bat flies among hosts were observed. Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856 and Trichobius furmani Wenzel, 1966 were more host-specific compared to the other streblids, and they occurred in greater abundance on their preferred hosts. Trichobius uniformis Curran, 1935 and Strebla mirabilis (Waterhouse, 1879) were the least host-specific, occurring on five and six hosts, respectively., Ludmilla M. S. Aguiar, Yasmine Antonini., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
489. Prevalence and molecular typing of Giardia duodenalis in wildlife from eastern Poland
- Creator:
- Stojecki, Krzysztof, Sroka, Jacek, Cacciò, Simone M, Cencek, Tomasz, Dutkiewicz, Jacek, and Kusyk, Paweł
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitičtí prvoci, divoká zvířata, parasitic protozoa, wild animals, parasitic protists, faecal samples, zoonotic transmission, Direct Fluorescence Assay, PCR, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Faecal samples from 162 wild animals were collected from 32 distinct sites of Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lakeland (eastern Poland). The presence of Giardia duodenalis (Stiles, 1902) was assessed by a Direct Fluorescence Assay (DFA) and by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing of a fragment of the beta-giardin gene. DFA showed the presence of cysts of G. duodenalis in 12 of 162 faecal samples (7%), namely in four wild boars (15%), four foxes (19%), two roe deer (4%), and two wolves (29%). PCR identified 34 of the 162 (21%) samples as positive, including 11 wild boars (41%), five red deer (18%), 11 roe deer (23%), four moose (17%), two wolves (29%) and a single sample from the European badger. Thus, PCR detected a significantly higher number of infection than DFA (P = 0.0005). However, 14 of 34 PCR products could not be sequenced because of their insufficient amount; the low number of cysts, poor conservation of the faeces or presence of PCR inhibitors may have contributed to weak DNA amplification. Sequence analysis of the remaining 20 products showed the presence of assemblage B in wild boars, red deer and roe deer, whereas samples from wolves were identified as assemblage D. This is the first detection of assemblage B in wild boars and deer. As assemblage B has zoonotic potential, wild animals from eastern Poland may act as reservoirs of cysts of G. duodenalis infectious for humans., Krzysztof Stojecki, Jacek Sroka, Simone M. Cacciò, Tomasz Cencek, Jacek Dutkiewicz, Paweł Kusyk., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
490. Přírodopis prostonárodní, čili, Popsání zvířat, rostlin a nerostů vedlé tříd a řádů jejich
- Creator:
- Václav Staněk
- Publisher:
- Jarosl. Pospíšil
- Format:
- text, regular print, and 486 s. : il.
- Type:
- text, volume, staré tisky, model:monograph, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Tisky (19. stol.), Biologické vědy, přírodní vědy, systematika zvířat, systematika rostlin, mineralogie, 57/59, 12, 2, 094.5, and UB02
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Václav Staněk and Obsahuje rejstřík
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public