Later than in the wet of Europe, it was only in the course of the 12th century that the water wheel caught on in Bohemia and Moravia. At the same time hand-powered mills were still requently being used. Until the end of the 12th century most water mills as well as water courses were the property of princes, so permission to run an existing mil or to build a new one had to be granted. The location, design of and technology used in mediaeval mills in our vicinity have not been archaeologically researched. The hypotheritcal appearance of such mills and what equipment they had can be modelled based on the results of research abroad, since similar structures might also have been in use in mediaeval Bohemia and Moravia., Lucie Galusová, Martina Maříková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This paper considers forms of cultural transfer in decorative design in Central Europe in the second half of the 18th century, focussing on works that combine aspects of both free creative art and artisan craftsmanship. Based on a detailed analysis of a number of works (or parts thereof), the authors show that trends in decoration that had hitherto been broadly interpreted as a somewhat uninventive adoption of fashionable French graphic pattern-books and picture albums in the "goût grec" style (Jean-François de Neufforge, Jean-Charles Delafosse et al.) in fact represented an innovative quest for an original modern synthesis taking its inspiration from classical Roman art (Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Giocondo Albertolli, Carlo Antonini) and developing ideas emerging from the recently introduced teaching of artistic design at the Vienna Academy and from circles close to the imperial court (Johann Baptist Hagenauer, Ignaz Josef Würth et al.). The whole phenomenon in considered within the wider context of official cultural policy at the time of Maria Teresa’s and Joseph II’s economic and administrative reforms and is interpreted as one of a number of processes and strategies which, for various reasons, led to a reduction in transcultural transfer. Decorative design in Central Europe in the latter half of the 18th century thus paid more than lip-service to the ideal of universal culture in the sense of transculturality, interpreting it in a specifically local, middle-European and to some extent "nationalized" way - and, from a historical perspective, with extraordinary success., Pavel Suchánek a Tomáš Valeš., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Ořechov IV is a recently investigated Bohunician site located in southern Moravia, but outside the Brno Basin where most of the other known Bohunician sites are located. It appears to belong to the pure Bohunician industry with no bifacial technology detected. It was probably discovered in the 1930s and due to later errors in reporting its exact location, it was ‘saved’ from prospecting by amateur archaeologists for several decades. We have re-located this site in 2010 and have conducted numerous pedestrian surveys and subsurface testing. We have collected a total of 3214 artifacts (most of them recorded by GPS) and a small amount of ochre. Two-thirds of the artifacts were manufactured on Stránská Skála chert. The second most common raw material used was Krumlovský Les chert followed by very small numbers of other raw materials including erratic flint, a long-distance import. Up to 20 % of the artifacts were damaged by frost action and agricultural activities. Numerous Levallois points and evidence for bidirectional flaking support the Bohunician classification. Test pitting has confirmed the presence of undisturbed sediments with cultural material including 4 structured hearths. Results of radiocarbon dating of some of these hearths are consistent with Bohunician antiquity. Only one lithic artifact in association with a hearth was found insitu. It is likely that future subsurface testing will yield more artifacts., Petr Škrdla, Tereza Rychtaříková, Ladislav Nejman, Jaroslav Bartík, Alena Hrušková, Jan Krása., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The study discusses Libor Jan’s hypothesis that the Rajhrad Monastery was not only founded as an independent institution, but was also a collegiate chapter and not a Benedictine cloister. Jan later declared Rajhrad a significant centre for the 10th century South Moravian church and even the seat of a bishop’s filial office. Although these hypotheses were insufficiently supported, they began to be accepted in the literature. However, most of the arguments in favour of these ideas can be disproven. The author examines the so-called Pseudo-Břetislav Fakes that include the Břevnov Monestary’s claim to Rajhrad and proves the authenticity of the testimony within. The conflict between the Olomouc bishops and Břevnov is also discussed, presenting the older claims by the Prague institution. The author also analyses immunity and indulgence documents, which do not show the independence of the Rajhrad Monastery. The author also doubts the church tradition lasting from the post-Great Moravia period, which is the basis for Jan’s hypotheses. and Dana Zapletalová.