As part of a biodiversity study in northwestern Hungary, we conducted a parasitological survey of small mammals. In both common shrews (Sorex araneus Linnaeus) and pygmy shrews (Sorex minutus Linnaeus), we found myxospores of a species of Soricimyxum Prunescu, Prunescu, Pucek et Lom, 2007 (Myxosporea) and plasmodia in the bile ducts within the liver. Spores from both species of shrewswere morphologically and morphometrically indistinguishable, but differed in their SSU rRNA gene sequences by 3.3%. We identified spores and developmental stages from the common shrew as Soricimyxum fegati Prunescu, Prunescu, Pucek et Lom, 2007, based on morphometric data and DNA sequence similarity. Spores from the pygmy shrew were only 96.7% similar to S. fegati, hence we identified them as a novel myxosporean Soricimyxum minuti sp. n. This is only the second myxosporean parasite species described from mammals., Csaba Székely, Gábor Cech, Stephen D. Atkinson, Kálmán Molnár, László Egyed, András Gubányi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Myxozoans (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) are almost exclusively endoparasites of aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, with the notable exception being two species of Soricimyxum Prunescu, Prunescu, Pucek et Lom, 2007 described from terrestrial shrews (Soricidae) in central Europe. Myxospores of the two parasites are morphologically indistinguishable, but have SSU rDNA sequences that differ by about 4%. Herein, we report additional molecular and histology data from Soricimyxum fegati Prunescu, Prunescu, Pucek et Lom, 2007 from common shrew (Sorex araneus Linnaeus) from Hungary, and add a new geographic record for S. fegati in pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus Linnaeus) from Slovakia. A limited survey of shrews from the northern United States, Blarina brevicauda Say and Sorex sp. from New York, and Sorex spp. from Oregon, did not discover any infections, which is in stark contrast to the relatively high infection rates (up to 66%) in European shrew populations. We also provide a summary and discussion of literature records of species of Soricimyxum and a host survey. Given the lack of distinguishing morphological or morphometric characters between Soricimyxum spp., and the overlap in vertebrate hosts and geographic ranges, unambiguous identification of these closely related shrew parasites can presently only be achieved through sequence comparison of one or more variable SSU rDNA regions., Csaba Székely, Stephen D. Atkinson, Kálmán Molnár, László Egyed, András Gubányi, Gábor Cech., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Cíl. Perkutánní intervence je dnes jednou ze základních metod dosažení hemostázy v traumatologii. Z hlediska péče o zraněné jde především o léčbu krvácení. Výkon navazuje velmi těsně na vyšetření CT, které jednoznačně prokáže aktivní krvácení především do retroperitonea, do oblasti pánve a při poranění parenchymových orgánů dutiny břišní. Cílem sdělení je zhodnotit vlastní zkušenosti s akutní endovaskulární léčbou poranění parenchymových orgánů dutiny břišní, retroperitonea a pánve. Materiál a metodika. Od roku 2008 do konce roku 2011 bylo indikováno k endovaskulární léčbě a následně na Radiologické klinice LF a FN Olomouc léčeno celkem 23 pacientů (17 mužů a 6 žen) s traumatickým krvácením do parenchymových orgánů dutiny břišní, retroperitonea či pánve. Indikací k intervenci bylo vždy aktivní arteriální krvácení sledovatelné při CT vyšetření. Průměrný věk pacientů byl 37,42 let (od 15 do 66 let). Nejčastějším embolizačním materiálem, který jsme použili, byly embolizační spirály, jen ojediněle jsme použili k embolizaci želatinovou pěnu nebo kombinaci spirál a želatinové pěny. Výsledky. U 21 nemocných byla akutní hemostatická intervence definitivní. Primární úspěšnost tedy dosáhla 91,3%. U dvou zraněných byla nutná pro opětovné krvácení reembolizace, která již byla definitivní. Opětovné krvácení je považováno za velkou komplikaci hemostatické embolizace. Během embolizace ani v jejím důsledku nedošlo k žádné jiné velké či malé komplikaci. Počet velkých komplikací tak dosáhl v našem souboru 8,7%. Závěr. Neoperační terapie je dnes preferovaná strategie léčby nemocných s poraněním parenchymatózních orgánů, retroperitonea a pánve. K endovaskulární léčbě jsou indikováni hemo dynamicky stabilní či infuzemi stabilizovaní zranění s aktivním krvácením, arteriovenózní či arterioportální pištěli nebo pseudoaneuryzmatem prokázaným dnes již výhradně pomocí CT vyšetření., Background. Endovascular intervention is the current standard of practice to achieve hemostasis in blunt abdominal trauma. Percutaneous procedure comes after diagnostic CT examination, which is the most effective diagnostic tool to demonstrate active bleeding to the retroperitoneal space, pelvis and abdominal solid organs. The aim of the study is to evaluate endovascular treatment of abdominal solid organ, retroperitoneal and pelvic injuries. Material and method. From 2008 to 2011 23 patients (17 men and 6 women) with traumatic bleeding from abdominal and retroperitoneal solid organs or pelvis were treated on Department of Radiology, University Hospital Olomouc. Indication for embolization was always active arterial bleeding detected on CT examination. Mean age of patients was 37.42 years (range 15-66 years). Coils and microcoils were the most frequently used embolic material. Results. Endovascular treatment was definitive in 21 patients. Primary success rate was 91.3%. Reembolization for rebleeding was needed in two patients. Rebleeding is considered as major complication. No other major or minor complication for hemostatic embolization was seen in our cohort. Major complication rate was 8.7%. Conclusion. Nonoperative management is nowadays preferred strategy of treatment in abdominal solid organ, retroperitoneal and pelvic injuries. Hemodynamically stable or by fluid infusions stabilised patients with active ongoing bleeding, arteriovenous or arterioportal fistula or pseudoaneurysm seen on CT are nowadays indicated for endovascular treatment., Martin Köcher, Marie Černá, Stanislav Buřval, Igor Čižmář, and Literatura 19
The aim of the current study was to clarify the effect of high sucrose diet (HSD) on bile formation (BF) in rats with hereditary hypertriglyceridemia (HHTg). Potentially positive effects were studied for boldine, a natural choleretic agent. Administration of HSD to HHTg rats led to increased triglyceride deposition in the liver. HSD reduced BF as a consequence of decreased biliary secretion of bile acids (BA) and glutathione. Responsible mechanism was down-regulation of hepatic transporters for BA and glutathione, Bsep and Mrp2, respectively. Moreover, gene expressions of transporters for other constituents of bile, namely Abcg5/8 for cholesterol, Abcb4 for phospholipids, and Oatp1a4 for xenobiotics, were also reduced by HSD. Boldine partially attenuated cholestatic effect of HSD by promotion of biliary secretion of BA through up-regulation of Bsep and Ntcp, and by increase in biliary secretion of glutathione as a consequence of its increased hepatic disposition. This study demonstrates mechanisms of impaired BF during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by HSD. Altered function of responsible transporters suggests also potential for changes in kinetics of drugs, which may complicate pharmacotherapy in subjects with high intake of sucrose, and with fatty liver disease. Sucrose induced alterations in BF may be alleviated by administration of boldine., M. Zagorova, A. Prasnicka, Z. Kadova, E. Dolezelova, L. Kazdova, J. Cermanova, L. Rozkydalova, M. Hroch, J. Mokry, S. Micuda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Lipasin is a recently identified lipokine expressed predominantly in liver and in adipose tissue. It was linked to insulin resistance in mice and to type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D) in humans. No metabolic studies concerning lipasin were performed yet in rats. Therefore, we used rat model of T2D and insulin resistance, Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, to determine changes of lipasin expression in liver and in white adipose tissue (WAT) over 52 weeks in the relation to glucose tolerance, peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity and adiposity. GK rats were grossly glucose intolerant since the age of 6 weeks and developed peripheral insulin resistance at the age of 20 weeks. Expression of lipasin in the liver did not differ between GK and Wistar rats, declining with age, and it was not related to hepatic triacylglycerol content. In WAT, the lipasin expression was significantly higher in Wistar rats where it correlated positively with adiposity. No such correlation was found in GK rats. In conclusion, lipasin expression was associated neither with a mild age-related insulin resistance (Wistar), nor with severe genetically-based insulin resistance (GK)., M. Cahová, D. Habart, T. Olejár, Z. Berková, Z. Papáčková, H. Daňková, A. Lodererova, M. Heczková, F. Saudek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is involved in important biological processes such as energy metabolism and regulatory functions of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammation. Our previous studies have shown hepatoprotective effect of polyphenolic compound resveratrol, which is also an activator of SIRT1. Therefore, the aim of our present study was to clarify the role of SIRT1 in process of hepatoprotection in animal model of drug-induced liver damage. Male Wistar rats were used for both in vivo and in vitro studies. Hepatotoxicity was induced by single dose of acetaminophen (APAP). Some rats and hepatocytes were treated by resveratrol or synthetic selective activator of sirtuin 1 (CAY10591). The degree of hepatotoxicity, the activity and expression of the SIRT1 were determined by biochemical, histological and molecular-biological assessments of gained samples (plasma, liver tissue, culture media and hepatocytes). Resveratrol and CAY attenuated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, both drugs enhanced APAPreduced SIRT1 activity. Our results show that modulation of the SIRT1 activity plays a role in hepatoprotection. Synthetic activators of SIRT1 would help in understanding the role of SIRT1 and are therefore a major boost towards the search for specific treatment of liver disease., L. Wojnarová, N. Kutinová Canová, H. Farghali, T. Kučera., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of our work was to compare the effect of D-galactosamine (GalN) on primary cultures of lean and steatotic rat hepatocytes isolated from intact and fatty liver, respectively. GalN caused more severe injury to steatotic hepatocytes than to lean cells as documented by lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Necrotic mode of cell death strongly prevails over apoptosis since we did not observe any significant increase in activities of caspase 3, 8 and 9 in any group of hepatocytes treated with GalN. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation were elevated in a dose-dependent manner by GalN and were significantly more pronounced in fatty hepatocytes. A decrease in the percentage of hepatocytes with energized mitochondria was observed from 30 mM and 10 mM GalN in lean and steatotic hepatocytes, respectively. Our results undoubtedly indicate that steatotic hepatocytes exert higher sensitivity to the toxic effect of GalN. This sensitivity may be caused by more intensive GalN-induced ROS production and lipid peroxidation and by higher susceptibility of mitochondria to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in steatotic hepatocytes. In our experimental arrangement, apoptosis does not seem to participate considerably on hepatotoxic action of GalN in either group of hepatocytes., O. Kučera, H. Lotková, O. Sobotka Z. Červinková., and Obsahuje bibliografii