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2. A morphological, anatomical and isozyme study of Potamogeton ×schreberi: confirmation of its recent occurrence in Germany and first documented record in France
- Creator:
- Kaplan , Zdeněk and Wolff , Peter
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- anatomy, clone, dispersal, distribution, electrophoresis, France, Germany, hybridization, isozymes, morphology, Potamogeton, relic, taxonomy, and vegetative propagation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A combined study of morphology, stem anatomy and isozyme patterns was used to reveal the identity of sterile plants from two rivers on the Germany/France border. A detailed morphological examination proved that the putative hybrid is clearly intermediate between Potamogeton natans and P. nodosus. The stem anatomy had characteristics of both species. The most compelling evidence came from the isozyme analysis. The additive “hybrid” banding patterns of the six enzyme systems studied indicate inheritance from P. natans and P. nodosus. In contrast, other morphologically similar hybrids were excluded: P. ×gessnacensis (= P. natans × P. polygonifolius) by all the enzyme systems, P. ×fluitans (= P. lucens × P. natans) by AAT, EST and 6PGDH, and P. ×sparganiifolius (= P. gramineus × P. natans) by AAT and EST. All samples of P. ×schreberi are of a single multi-enzyme phenotype, suggesting that they resulted from a single hybridization event and that the present-day distribution of P. ×schreberi along the Saarland/Moselle border was achieved by means of vegetative propagation and long-distance dispersal. Neither of its parental species occur with P. ×schreberi or are present upstream, which suggests that this hybrid has persisted vegetatively for a long time in the absence of its parents. The total distribution of this hybrid is reviewed and a detailed account of the records from Germany is given. P. ×schreberi appears to be a rare hybrid. The risk of incorrect determination resulting from the identification of insufficiently developed or inadequately preserved plant material is discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. A review of the European planthopper genus Trirhacus and related taxa, with a key to the genera of European Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)
- Creator:
- Holzinger, Werner E.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Trirhacus, Sphaerocixius gen. n., Neocixius, Nanocixius, Apartus gen. n., Simplicixius gen. n., Sardocixius gen. n., rirhacus peloponnesiacus sp. n., Cixiidae, taxonomy, and morphology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ten species of Cixiidae, formerly placed in Trirhacus Fieber, 1875, are redescribed and one additional species is described. They belong to seven genera: Trirhacus s. str. with T. setulosus Fieber, 1876 (type species), T. dubiosus Wagner, 1959, T. biokovensis Dlabola, 1971 and T. peloponnesiacus sp. n., Apartus gen. n. with A. michalki (Wagner, 1948) comb. n. (type species) and A. wagnerianus (Nast, 1965) comb. n., Nanocixius Wagner, 1939 stat. n. with N. discrepans (Fieber, 1876) comb. n., Neocixius Wagner, 1939 stat. n. with N. limbatus (Signoret, 1862) comb. n., Sardocixius gen. n. with S. formosissimus (Costa, 1883) comb. n., Simplicixius gen. n. with S. trichophorus (Melichar, 1914) comb. n. and Sphaerocixius Wagner, 1939 stat. n. with S. globuliferus (Wagner, 1939) comb. n. The phylogenetic relationships of these genera to other Cixiidae are briefly discussed and a key to the genera of European Cixiidae is provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Biosystematic study of the Cyanus triumfetti group in Central Europe
- Creator:
- Olšavská, Katarína, Perný, Marián, Kučera, Jaromír, and Hodálová, Iva
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Asteraceae, Cyanus sect. Perennes, flow cytometry, genetic variation, morphology, Pannonia, taxonomy, and Western Carpathians
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Multivariate morphometrics and an assessment of genetic diversity obtained using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were used to determine the variability of the polymorphic group Cyanus triumfetti in Central Europe. The ploidy level of the populations studied was also determined; all individuals from the C. triumfetti group were diploid (2n ~ 2x ~ 22) and all those of the related C. montanus group were tetraploid (2n ~ 4x ~ 44). A multivariate morphometric study of 71 populations revealed that three species from the C. triumfetti group occur in Central Europe, namely ‘Cyanus axillaris’, C. strictus and C. dominii. Three subspecies are recognized within the latter species, namely C. dominii subsp. dominii, C. dominii subsp. slovenicus and C. dominii subsp. sokolensis. Morphological characters of leaves are the best features for delimiting these taxa; a shift in characters caused by cultivation did not affect the value of key characters and differences among the taxa remained. AFLP analysis of 38 populations from the C. triumfetti group and two from the C. montanus group revealed a contrasting pattern of genetic variation that was related to the geographic distribution of the populations rather than the morphological variation in the C. triumfetti group. The AFLP data revealed the following three genetically differentiated and allopatric groups: (i) C. triumfetti s.s. and C. montanus from the Western Alps, (ii) ‘C. axillaris’ from Austria and the Czech Republic (except the Carpathians) and (iii) ‘C. axillaris’, C. strictus and C. dominii from the Western Carpathians and Pannonia. The striking genetic gap between the Austrian-Czech and the W Carpathian-Pannonia groups and the high genetic diversity and weak genetic differentiation within the latter group are discussed in the light of potential glacial refuges, postglacial migration routes and/or the probability of hybridization events occurring during the evolutionary history of this group. An identification key for the taxa of the C. triumfetti group in Central Europe is presented.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
5. Description of larvae of Aepopsis robini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)
- Creator:
- Grebennikov, Vasily V. and Luff, Martin L.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Larvae, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini, Aepopsis, morphology, taxonomy, and systematics
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- First and third instar larvae of Aepopsis robini (Laboulbène, 1849) are studied, redescribed, and illustrated. The larvae are characterised by three unique and likely autapomorphic character states within known members of the supertribe Trechitae: (1) apex of antennomere 4 has only one conical sensillun 1; (2) setae FR10 and FR11 on frontale are removed basally on dorsal surface from the apical margin; (3) terga of meso- and metathorax lack pore MEa, and abdominal terga 1-8 lack pore TEa.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus brevicornis Zaddach, 1859 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with notes on their phylogeny
- Creator:
- Heidemaa, Mikk, Nuorteva, Matti, Hantula, Jarkko, and Saarma, Urmas
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, sawfly, Dolerus asper, D. brevicornis, D. derzavini, D. gibbosus, D. harwoodi, taxonomy, neotype, morphology, phylogeny, phenology, molecular markers, and distribution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Concordant differences in morphology, phenology and RAMS markers, as well as in sequenced mtDNA (COI, COII, cytb) and nuclear DNA (ITS2) fragments, indicate that Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus brevicornis Zaddach, 1859 are valid species. On the basis of morphology, molecular markers, and distributional records, both species are distinct from Dolerus gibbosus Hartig, 1837 (= Dolerus planatus Hartig, 1837). Taxonomy of the species is clarified and the neotypes of Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus brevicornis Zaddach, 1859 are designated. The synonymies of Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859, to Dolerus planatus Hartig, 1837 and Dolerus derzavini Malaise, 1931, spec. rev. to D. asper Zaddach, 1859 are abandoned. Dolerus carbonarius Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus fumosus Zaddach, 1859 are considered to be species inquirendae. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS2 fragment and fragments of ITS2 + COI and ITS2 + COII yielded the topology [D. asper, (D. brevicornis, D. gibbosus)], while those of all other markers and their combinations resulted in the topology [D. brevicornis, (D. asper, D. gibbosus)]. In the latter hypothesis the clade asper + gibbosus is also supported by structural synapomorphies.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania: hic sunt Aenictopecheidae. The first genus and species of Afrotropical Aenictopecheidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalomorpha)
- Creator:
- Pavel Štys and Baňař, Petr
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Enicocephalomorpha, Aenictopecheidae, Ulugurocoris grebennikovi gen. n. et sp. n., taxonomy, morphology, distribution, epimeroid (new term), true bug, Afrotropical region, Tanzania, Eastern Arc Mountains, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new genus and species of Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalomorpha: Aenictopecheidae: Aenictopecheinae, Ulugurocoris grebennikovi gen. et sp. n., based on micropterous females from Tanzania, Uluguru Mts, Budunki, is described and differentiated. The males are probably macropterous. Some general aspects of morphology of U. grebennikovi are discussed in a broader context, such as presence of cephalic trichobothria (suggested to be a groundplan character of Heteroptera), presence of “gular sulci” (suggested to have an ecdysial function), lack of cephalic neck (symplesiomorphy with other Hemiptera), presence of posterior lobe of pronotum associated with the epimeroid (a new term for so called “proepimeral lobe”), and presence of notopleural sulcus on the propleuron. Diagnostic characters of the Aenictopecheinae are summarized and distribution of their seven genera is reviewed. Ulugurocoris grebennikovi is the first representative of the basal family Aenictopecheidae in the Afrotropical Region. The type locality is situated in the Eastern Arc Mountains (Tanzania), a recently identified hotspot of Afrotropical diversity characterized by a high degree of endemism caused by high rates of speciation combined with low rates of extinction. A brief characterization of the area is provided., Pavel Štys, Petr Baňař., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Good-bye Scydmaenidae, or why the ant-like stone beetles should become megadiverse Staphylinidae sensu latissimo (Coleoptera)
- Creator:
- Grebennikov , Vasily V. and Newton, Alfred F.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Staphylinidae sensu latissimo, Staphylinine Group, Scydmaenidae, taxonomy, phylogeny, classification, morphology, larvae, 18S rDNA, parsimony, Bayesian, and neighbour joining
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ant-like stone beetles (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae) include more than 4,850 described species in about 90 genera maintained as a separate cosmopolitan family since 1815. Recent authors have hypothesised that Scydmaenidae might be rooted deep inside rove-beetles (Staphylinidae). To test this hypothesis we analysed 206 parsimoniously informative larval and adult morphological characters scored for 38 taxa. Strict consensus topologies from the shortest trees in all 12 analyses consistently placed Scydmaenidae as sister to (Steninae + Euaesthetinae) in a monophyletic Staphylinine Group (with or without Oxyporinae). The single fully resolved and most consistently supported topology maintains a monophyletic Staphylinine Group consisting of Oxyporinae + (Megalopsidiinae + (("Scydmaenidae" + (Steninae + Euaesthetinae)) + (Leptotyphlinae + (Pseudopsinae + (Paederinae + Staphylininae))))); Solierius lacks larval data and is ambiguously placed within the Group. Eight analyses of variably aligned 18S rDNA data for 93 members of Staphylinoidea under parsimony, neighbour-joining and Bayesian approaches were markedly inconsistent, although partly congruent with the Scydmaenidae + (Steninae + Euaesthetinae) hypothesis. Our results strongly suggest that ant-like stone beetles do not form an independent family, but are morphologically modified members of Staphylinidae and, consequently, should be treated as a 32nd recent subfamily within the megadiverse Staphylinidae sensu latissimo. Formal taxonomic acts are: Scydmaeninae Leach, 1815, status novus (= Scydmaenidae Leach, 1815); Scydmaenitae Leach, 1815, status novus (= Scydmaeninae Leach, 1815); Mastigitae Fleming, 1821, status novus (= Mastiginae Fleming, 1821); Hapsomelitae Poinar & Brown, 2004, status novus (= Hapsomelinae Poinar & Brown, 2004). The family Staphylinidae sensu latissimo becomes the largest in Coleoptera and in the whole of the Animal Kingdom, with 55,440 described species (extant plus extinct), thus surpassing Curculionidae with an estimated 51,000 described species.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. Hybridization of Potamogeton species in the Czech Republic: diversity, distribution, temporal trends and habitat preferences
- Creator:
- Kaplan, Zdeněk
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Potamogeton, hybridization, taxonomy, revision, distribution, herbarium, morphology, nomenclature, typification, temporal changes, and new records
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A revision of the diversity and distribution of Potamogeton hybrids in the Czech Republic is presented. Thorough examination of herbarium material and recent extensive field studies revealed the present and/or past occurrence of eight Potamogeton hybrids in the Czech Republic. In addition tomorphological characters, stem anatomy and/or molecular analysis were used to identify some of the hybrids. All the hybrids detected are between broad-leaved species of the genus, suggesting that hybrids between linear-leaved species may be overlooked because of the overall morphological similarity of taxa within this group. Four of the hybrids identified, P. ×nitens, P. ×olivaceus, P. ×sparganiifolius and P. ×undulatus, are recorded for the first time from the Czech Republic. Four of the hybrids are now extinct in the Czech Republic and the extant hybrids are rare. The occurrence of P. ×lintonii was not confirmed; the previous record was based on extreme forms of P. gramineus. The name P. ×concinnitus, proposed for a putative hybrid combination “P. pusillus × P. crispus”, was lectotypified and reduced to a synonym of P. crispus. Although the absolute number of finds of specimens of Potamogeton hybrids per decade is increasing, this is not a result of more frequent hybridization but of an increase in recording activity. Most records for recent decades are associated with targeted research by a few experts. The typical habitat of Potamogeton hybrids in the Czech Republic are ponds that were previously drained in summer and allowed to dry out. Many historical localities disappeared when the traditional fishpond management was largely abandoned and fish farming become more intensive. In the 19th century in particular some hybrids were recorded also in rivers but these occurrences generally disappeared after the extensive channelling of rivers at the beginning of the 20th century. Many hybrids occur at the same localities as their parents but it is documented that hybrids can persist vegetatively in the absence of the parental species, presumably as relics of the previous presence of the parent plants. Although almost all Potamogeton hybrids are consistently sterile, a cultivation experiment showed that P. ×angustifolius set seeds that were fertile and successfully produced adult plants.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
10. Identity, larva and distribution of the Oriental soldier fly, Odontomyia ochropa (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
- Creator:
- Nerudová-Horsáková, Jana, Kovac, Damir, and Rozkošný, Rudolf
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Stratiomyidae, Odontomyia ochropa, adults, larvae, Oriental region, taxonomy, and morphology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Odontomyia ochropa Thomson, 1869, is redescribed and found to be identical with O. dorsoangulata Brunetti, 1920, which is proposed as a new synonym. The female holotype of O. ochropa from the Philippines was examined and compared with specimens from India, Thailand and Singapore. Terminalia and other diagnostic characters of both sexes are illustrated. The larva of O. ochropa is described in detail. The larval characters are in accordance with the characters of O. dorsoangulata mentioned by Brunetti (1920). The larva of O. ochropa is compared with that of O. cyanea described by Mathur (1933). Cuticular structures and diagnostic characters of both larvae are documented by drawings and SEM micrographs. A new identification key to larvae of Odontomyia known from the Oriental Region is provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public