The article shows the Bohemian lands in the 17th century as mediated by travelogues of English provenance, in particular travel diaries written both for personal use only and to be later published. Attention is mainly focused on the religious situation in Bohemia and Moravia and its transformation in the studied period in the context of the denomination of the English visitors. The paper further briefly describes individual travellers from England, who would come to the European continent for various reasons and would also visit the
Kingdom of Bohemia as part of this trip.
The paper deals with the different ways in which 20th century Hindi writers introduced the theme of religion into their work. A selection of authors has been made in order to highlight some important issues connected with religion. As may be expected, basically two points of view are to be found, depending on the ideological stand of the writer – either politically committed or committed to man. Thus, whilst religion is deemed by one author to be a factor which divides communities, it is considered by another to be an important tool for exploring the human soul.
In the article “Cheminement d’un humaniste” the author presents the results of her research on a small treatise Kitāb al-isrā’ ilā maqām al-asrā (Nigh Journey). She established a critical edition of the text in Arabic on the basis of a comparison of the limited number of manuscripts available in Dār al-Kutub al Masrīyya in Cairo. She then translated “Kitāb al-isrā’” into Polish. Kitāb al-isrā’ is one of the most important early works, written by Ibn Arabi after his great visionary experience in Fez, in 1198. It describes in rhymed prose his mystical ascension, meeting in the spiritual realities of the prophets in the seven heavens and being brought to the fullest realization of his own reality. Ibn Arabi’s ascension is a dream, a vision of a heart. These divine events determine the way forward for his ultimate role as the perfect man (insān kāmil) or the Seal of Muhammadian Sainthood.
In the contemporary world, characterised as it is by globalisation, the idea of nationalism has been losing its appeal. However, recent Islamic movements have evolved somewhat differently, with Islamic moral and religious fervour initially leading to Muslim "internationalism". During the 1970 and 1980s, radical political Islam became integrated to some extent into "globalising" trends, but gradually it has become more pragmatic and "nation-oriented" leading to the creation of national political movements. Muslim "internationalism" has continued to influence terrorist groups that have abandoned any reference to national roots.
The article represents a probe to the godparenting ties in the parish Hlinsko (former region of Chrudim) at the middle of the seventeenth century from the social-religious point of view. On the basis of the analysis of the register of baptisms from the years 1645 to 1650 and the subsequent combination with the Register of subjects according to their religion from the year 1651 it was possible to ascertain the social position of godparents, their religious affiliation (as contrasted to the denomination of parents of the child), the frequency of participation of godparents in baptisms and other facts that contributed to the functioning of the confessionally divided Czech village society of the Early Modern Era., Ladislav Nekvapil., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Transpersonální psychologie se snaží systematizovat mimořádné stavy vědomí, které jsou v jiných kulturách vysoce oceňovány, ale v kultuře západní jsou často zaměňovány s duševním onemocněním. Transpersonální psychologie proto přichází s konceptem psychospirituální krize, který má sloužit k odlišení těchto stavů od skutečných duševních nemocí. Koncept psychospirituální krize je odbornou veřejností většinou odmítán, ale jeho systematičtější kritika stále chybí. Článkem se autor pokouší věcně poukázat na problémy spojené s tímto konceptem a pomoci tak vyplnit tuto mezeru. Upozorňuje na vágnost kategorie psychospirituální krize a odhaluje řadu vnitřních rozporů transpersonalistické teorie. Poukazuje na to, že některé stavy, jež transpersonalisté označují za psychospirituální krizi, vůbec neodpovídají kritériím, která pro ni sami stanovili. Článek se též vymezuje vůči nepřijatelnému hodnotovému zatížení této kategorie. Koncept psychospirituální krize totiž vychází z konkrétních náboženských idejí. Jde přitom o ideje, které se do značné míry překrývají s idejemi hnutí New Age. V této souvislosti si stať klade otázku, zda je transpersonální psychologie vědeckou disciplínou, nebo spíše náboženským hnutím. Článek předkládá důvody, proč je třeba se přiklonit spíše k druhé možnosti. and Critical analysis of the concept of spiritual emergency
Transpersonal psychology attempts to systematize extraordinary states of consciousness, which are highly appreciated by other cultures, but in the Western culture such states are often confused with a mental disorder. Therefore transpersonal psychology has created a concept of spiritual emergency, which should be used to distinguish these states of consciousness from real mental disorders. The concept of spiritual emergency is usually rejected by the experts, although there is still lack of its systematic critique. Author is trying to fill up the gap and to point out critically some problems related to this concept. He draws reader’s attention to haziness of the concept of spiritual emergency and discover range of internal contradictions of the transpersonal theory. For instance, some states considered by transpersonalists to be spiritual emergency do not comply with their own criterions. Paper also objects to its undesirable value burden. It is unsuitably value laden term, since the category is grounded in specific religious ideas. These ideas overlap with ideas of New Age movement to a large degree. In this context the author raises the question, whether transpersonal psychology is a scientific discipline or rather a crypto‑religious movement. The article proposes some arguments why it is not appropriate to regard transpersonal psychology as a scientific discipline.
Při vymezování pojmu spiritualita je v psychologii náboženství možné rozlišovat čtyři směry. Zaměřují se na rozdíl mezi náboženstvím a spiritualitou, na náboženství a spiritualitu ve vztahu k posvátnu, na spiritualitu ve vztahu k „vnitřnímu životu“ a na spiritualitu v souvislosti s existenciálními otázkami. První tři výše zmíněné směry však mají následné nedostatky: hodnotící srovnávání mezi „špatným náboženstvím“ a „dobrou spiritualitou“, zahrnutí problematického a přeceňovaného konceptu a podpora karteziánského dualizmu v psychologické terminologii psychologie. Ačkoli je čtvrtý směr příznivější, narušuje některým lidem vnímání sebe sama. Zahrnutí spirituality do analytického slovníku psychologie je tudíž neuvážené. Namísto toho by mělo být zkoumáno osobní chápání náboženství a spirituality v souvislosti s tím, jak se lidé vyrovnávají s existenciálními otázkami.
Javorník, in the Horňácko region, is one of two villages where people still use old hymnbooks and where human piety is not a matter of mere formality. Hymnbooks, postils, bibles, catechisms and many other books that were handed down through generations can be found in numerous families. ‘Religious educational literature’, as we can call this specific type of literary production, played a very important role in the lives of ordinary people. Although they were persecuted for it, this literature had in return served and supported them in difficult times of religious, social and war oppression. this explains why people fervently shared the chronicles of their life stories inside these books. Now they bear testimony of those times.
a1_This paper considers the influence of Enlightenment thinking on the pedagogical works of Jan Valerián Jirsík (1798-1883), who earned a place in Czech history as a priest, theologian, active patriot, education campaigner, pedagogue, writer and not least as the fourth Bishop of České Budějovice (Budweis), an office he held from 1851 until his death. Primarily, it draws on and follows up ideas in the writings of the theologian Ctirad Václav Pospíšil and the church historian Kamila Veverková, who both trace the links between Jirsík the theologist and thinkers associated with Bernard Bolzano. Jirsík’s early writings, however, are as much concerned with pedagogy as they are with theology, and the aim of this study is to discover whether his ideas on education were similarly influenced by Enlightenment thinking. It analyses his views on the subject before 1851, i.e. until he became Bishop of Budweis - specifically in the period 1826-1843, when he was much occupied with questions of education and upbringing. In his years as bishop he devoted little time to literary pursuits. The study concludes that the legacy of the Enlightenment era most certainly played an important part in Jirsík’s deliberations on education. There is, however, a certain progression discernible in his thinking. In the early period, of which Sunday School (1826) is a representative text, we see the influence of contemporary Enlightenment clerical pedagogy as he advocates extending human knowledge through reason in order to improve living conditions. Faith and religion are also factors here, especially in his emphasis on the positive role of God the Creator. In the second period under consideration (1836-43), we find closer parallels between Jirsík’s pedagogical and theological thinking., a2_Within ten years of writing Sunday School, his position had shifted from that of a priest attempting to expand or improve education in the spirit of Enlightenment ecclesiastical pedagogy to that of a theologian (and so-called ‘true’ enlightener) who from theological considerations drew conclusions for the educational process. In Jirsík’s view, Christianity and Enlightenment go hand in hand, serving to elevate human life spiritually as well as materially. For him education means the enlightenment of both soul and reason. Nor does he see any contradiction between faith and rationality. It is evident from his thinking that he was convinced of the need to implement the pedagogical ideal of the Enlightenment: to educate virtuous citizens who were also rational., Rudolf Svoboda., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy