The use of Continuously Operating Reference Stations, both singly and as part of an active network, is widely employed in surveying, engineering and other geomatics applications, achieving high accuracy positioning even in real time. With an active network the measurements of the reference stations are processed jointly in order to model the errors and compute network RTK corrections. Due to distance dependent errors (ionospheric and tropospheric delays), single base RTK positioning accuracy decreases with increased baseline length. However, the network solution (NRTK) retains the accuracy and the time to fix ambiguities (TTFA) at a constant level. This study aims to contribute to the scientific research on real time positioning based on active networks. In Southern Spain, ERGNSS, a national CORS network that provides GNSS data for post-processing and real time single- b ased reference station corrections, shares territory with the Andalusian Positioning Network (RAP), a local active network. RAP provides network an d single-based RTK corrections. In order to analyze the quality of real time positioning based on both networks, several tests have been performed on a sample of test points. The reference frame, the time to fix ambiguity resolution, precision, accuracy and repeatability of RTK positioning are considered as the evaluation parameters. The results confirm that the RAP network complements the precise positioning services provided by the ERGNSS network, ensuring accurate real time positioning, full cove rage and reliable positioning services in the Andalusian Community., Mª Selmira Garrido, Antonio J. Gil and Rafael Gaitán., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Již podruhé se v bubenečské vile Lanně sešli odborníci zabývající se historickými astronomickými deskami. První setkání se konalo před dvěma lety, kdy se diskutovaly problémy desek sužovaných degradací emulze vlivem dlouhého a často nešetrného skladování - letošní akce se zúčastnilo 44 odborníků z 20 zemí od Mexika až po Čínu. and Petr Skala.
The atherogenic impact and functional capacity of LCAT was studied and discussed over a half century. This review aims to clarify the key points that may affect the final decision on whether LCAT is an anti-atherogenic or atherogenic factor. There are three main processes involving the efflux of free cholesterol from peripheral cells, LCAT action in intravascular pool where cholesterol esterification rate is under the control of HDL, LDL and VLDL subpopulations, and finally the destination of newly produced cholesteryl esters either to the catabolism in liver or to a futile cycle with apoB lipoproteins. The functionality of LCAT substantially depends on its mass together with the composition of the phospholipid bilayer as well as the saturation and the length of fatty acyls and other effectors about which we know yet nothing. Over the years, LCAT puzzle has been significantly supplemented but yet not so satisfactory as to enable how to manipulate LCAT in order to prevent cardiometabolic events. It reminds the butterfly effect when only a moderate change in the process of transformation free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters may cause a crucial turn in the intended target. On the other hand, two biomarkers - FERHDL (fractional esterification rate in HDL) and AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)] can offer a benefit to identify the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). They both reflect the rate of cholesterol esterification by LCAT and the composition of lipoprotein subpopulations that controls this rate. In clinical practice, AIP can be calculated from the routine lipid profile with help of AIP calculator www.biomed.cas.cz/fgu/aip/calculator.php., M. Dobiášová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The library of the Order of St Augustine in the Lesser Town of Prague, comprising more than 18,000 volumes, is an extraordinary book set of significant scientific and historical value. Nevertheless, a scientific study that would cover the entire history of the library was not available until now. This article provides a brief outline of the history of the monastic library at St Thomas, mentioning some remarkable figures that have contributed to its prosperity. The introductory part brings information on the binding rules governing the librarian practice in the monastic libraries of the Order of Saint Augustine in the Middle Ages. Because of the long time span, this treatise has been divided into two parts - the medieval and modern history of the library. Particular attention is paid to two periods - the 14th and 18th centuries, during which some members of the Order held leading positions at the university in Prague and, through their pastoral, preaching and educational activities, they were actively involved in the social, cultural and spiritual edification of broad social classes., Veronika Sladká., Obsahuje anglický abstrakt a shrnutí., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Autor naznačuje způsob, jak uplatnit fenomenologii při studiu takových společenských jevů, jako je autorita. Ty představují osobní zážitky ve veřejném prostoru, zároveň subjektivní a objektivní, tedy doslova fenomena. Potíž s fenomenologií je její sklon k subjektivismu, který Husserl neúspěšně řeší pojetím transcendentálního ega a Heidegger pojetím rozhodné přítomnosti. Problém se jeví jako neřešitelný, pokud chápeme svět jako prvotně nesmyslný. Řešení je možné, pokud svět chápeme vitalisticky jako z podstaty smysluplně uspořádaný teleologickým zaměřením života k naplnění. Ani transcendentální ego, ani rozhodné Dasein nepotřebuje svět osmyslnit. Svět je předreflektivně smysluplný jako svět života, jak vystupuje u francouzských fenomenologů či v a-subjektivní fenomenologii Jana Patočky., The purpose of this study is to suggest a way of making phenomenology available for the study of social phenomena like authority, which the subject experiences in a public space. Phenomenology is ideally suited to the purpose – except for its inherent tendency to subjectivism. Neither Husserl’s solution – the transcendental ego – nor Heidegger’s solution – the entschlossene Dasein – will do. The problem remains insolvable as long as we regard the world as initially meaningless. It disappears when we set out with a vitalist conception of the world as intrinsically meaningful in virtue of the initial purposive orientation of life to fulfilment. Neither a transcendental ego, nor a determined Dasein, but life itself is the key to prereflective intelligibility, as in the work of French phenomenologists or in Jan Patočka’s a-subjective phenomenology., and Marek Hrubec.
Autorka článku vypracovává kritickou diagnózu proměn konceptu emancipace žen, k nimž dochází jak v důsledku prosazování širších společensko-ekonomických změn, tak expanze trhu do většiny oblastí společenského života. V první části je stručně nastíněn historický kontext, v němž se rozvíjely snahy o prosazení feministického emancipačního projektu. Ačkoli se některé feministické požadavky postupně prosadily a staly se součástí hodnot euroatlantické kultury, emancipace žen ve smyslu odstranění útlaku a podřízení žen ve všech oblastech společenského života, tedy nejen v politické, ale i ekonomické, sociální a kulturní, se dosáhnout nepodařilo. Ve druhé části autorka ukazuje, že pozdní modernita uvedla do pohybu dynamiku, v jejímž rámci je koncept emancipace žen v procesu snah o jeho prosazení redefinován a v pozměněném společenském kontextu posléze deformován až do té míry, že se stává svou vlastní antitezí. Tradiční autoritářství, proti kterému se feministické pojetí emancipace vymezovalo, bylo v pozdně moderních společnostech nahrazeno mocensko-ekonomickou strukturou společnosti, ve které funguje trh jako autoritářský princip organizace společenských vztahů. Na základě reflexe této dynamiky autorka předkládá sociálně filosofický rozbor deformované emancipace. Ve třetí části obecnou tezi deformované emancipace aplikuje na specifické vztahy péče a problém komodifikace péče, jejichž prostřednictvím ilustruje zablokování emancipace žen trhem charakterizovaným autoritářskými imperativy., The author develops a critical diagnosis of the changing interpretations of the concept of emancipation of women due to broader socio-economic transformations and the expansion of the market into most domains of social life. In the first part she briefly outlines the historical context in which the feminist emancipation claims were put into practice. Even though some of these claims were successfully integrated into the body of Euro-Atlantic cultural norms, the emancipation of women, in the sense of the elimination of oppression and subjection of women in all aspects of social life, not only in political but also in economic, social and cultural life, has not been accomplished. In the second part, the author argues that late-modernity set into motion a dynamic in which the concept of emancipation was distorted to such a degree that it became its own antithesis. The traditional authoritarianism, against which feminist conception of emancipation was defined, was in late-modern societies replaced by the power-economic structure of society in which the market serves as the authoritarian principle for the organisation of social life. On the basis of reflection on this dynamic the author proposes a socio-philosophical analysis of distorted emancipation. In the final part, the author specifies the abstract thesis of distorted emancipation using care relations and the issue of commodification of care as a way to exemplify anti-emancipatory forces within the market with its authoritarian imperatives., and Zuzana Uhde.
International Workshop on Astronomical X-Ray-Optics (AXRO) organized by the Institute of Astronomy of the CAS was focused on presentation and discussion of recent and future technologies for future X-ray astronomy missions. One session was aimed on astrophysical aspects of X-ray telescopes/satellites, in which some review talks were given from leading scientists in this field plus some presentations of relevant Czech scientists. The goal of the workshop was to present and to discuss recent and future technologies for X-ray astronomy missions. These missions require development of mostly inovative technologies, and discussed the possibilities, the results obtained so farm and new ideas in detail. It is obvious that the requirements of future large space X-ray optics based on Si wafers, advanced glass forming for precise X-ray optics, but also other possible technologies and alternatives, as well as related advanced metrology, measurements and tests. and Martin Blažek.
Each cell types or tissues contain certain “physiological” levels of R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), as well as enzymes for its synthesis and degradation. 2HG accumulates in certain tumors, possessing heterozygous point mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases IDH1 (cytosolic) or IDH2 (mitochondrial) and contributes to strengthening their malignancy by inhibiting 2-oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenases. By blocking histone de-methylation and 5-methyl-cytosine hydroxylation, 2HG maintains cancer cells de-differentiated and promotes their proliferation. However, physiological 2HG formation and formation by non-mutant IDH1/2 in cancer cells were neglected. Consequently, low levels of 2HG might play certain physiological roles. We aimed to elucidate this issue and found that compared to highest 2HG levels in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and moderate levels in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, rat primary fibroblast contained low basal 2HG levels at early passages. These levels increased at late passage and likewise 2HG/2OG ratios dropped without growth factors and enormously increased at hypoxia, reaching levels compared to cancer HepG2 cells. Responses in SH-SY5Y cells were opposite. Moreover, external 2HG supplementation enhanced fibroblast growth. Hence, we conclude that low 2HG levels facilitate cell proliferation in primary fibroblasts, acting via hypoxia-induced factor regulations and epigenetic changes., A. Dvořák, J. Zelenka, K. Smolková, L. Vítek, P. Ježek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
At present, there are insufficient information about baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and factors that determine BRS in premature newborns. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between BRS and the characteristics that reflecting the intrauterine development (gestational age and birth weight), as well as postnatal development (postconception age and the actual weight of the child at the time of measurement). We examined 57 premature infants, who were divided into groups according to gestational age and postconception age as well as birth weight, and weight at the time of measurement. Continuous and noninvasive registration of peripheral blood pressure (BP) was perf ormed in every child within 2-5 m in under standard conditions using a Portapres (FMS) device. The results showed a close correlation of baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate and respiratory rate with gestational age, postconception age, birth weight and actual weight at the time of measureme nt premature newborns. An increase in the characteristics (ages and weights) resulted in increased BRS and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and in decreased heart and respiratory rates. Baroreflex sensitivity in the first week was in the group of very premature newborns the lowest (4.11 ms/mmHg) and in the light premature newborns was almost double (8.12 ms/mmHg). BRS increases gradually in relation to postnatal (chronological) and to postconception age as well as to birth and actual weight. The multifact or analysis of BRS identified birth weight and postconception age as the best BRS predictors. The two independent variables together explained 40 % of interindividual BRS variability., K. Haskova, M. Javorka, B. Czippelova, M. Zibolen, K. Javorka., and Obsahuje bibliografii