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474172. The changes of the historical grammar of the Chinese language during the 3rd-14th centuries
- Creator:
- Samoilovna Gurevich, Isabella
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Chinese language-history, grammatical development, and vernacular Chinese
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the paper is to trace the development of the grammatical structure of the vernacular (colloquial) Chinese language through the changes which took place in the grammatical system (specifically in the system of function words) during the 3rd-14th centuries. In other words, I intend to closely follow the entire process of the changes from the moment the function element originated up to its status (or disappearance) in the modern language. To fulfill the task a thorough examination of an extensive body of source-material was undertaken. A precise selection of the source-material was the first step towards a successful response to the proposed project. With regard to the paper under consideration the following source-materials were carefully examined: the early Chinese translations of the Buddhist works (as the main source) for the Liuchao epoch, the Chan-Buddhist yulu for the Tang, the texts in the ss genre and San Chao bei meng hui bian for the Song-Yuan period. The essay consists of three parts: the grammar of the 3rd-5th cc A.D., or Liuchao period, Chinese grammar of the Tang Dynasty, and the changes undergone during the Song-Yuan epoch.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
474173. The characteristic of noncompact convexity and random fixed point theorem for set-valued operators
- Creator:
- Kumam, Poom and Plubtieng, Somyot
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- random fixed point, set-valued random operato, and measure of noncompactness
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Let $(\Omega ,\Sigma )$ be a measurable space, $X$ a Banach space whose characteristic of noncompact convexity is less than 1, $C$ a bounded closed convex subset of $X$, $KC(C)$ the family of all compact convex subsets of $C.$ We prove that a set-valued nonexpansive mapping $T\: C\rightarrow KC(C)$ has a fixed point. Furthermore, if $X$ is separable then we also prove that a set-valued nonexpansive operator $T\: \Omega \times C\rightarrow KC(C)$ has a random fixed point.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
474174. The Chernobyl accident, the male to female ratio at birth and birth rates
- Creator:
- Grech, Victor
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, and TEXT
- Subject:
- porodnost, černobylská havárie, ženské pohlaví, lidé, novorozenec, mužské pohlaví, poměr pohlaví, and epidemiologie
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- INTRODUCTION: The male:female ratio at birth (male births divided by total live births - M/T) has been shown to increase in response to ionizing radiation due to gender-biased fetal loss, with excess female loss. M/T rose sharply in 1987 in central-eastern European countries following the Chernobyl accident in 1986. This study analyses M/T and births for the former Soviet Republics and for the countries most contaminated by the event. METHODS: Annual birth data was obtained from the World Health Organisation. The countries with the highest exposure levels (by 137Cs) were identified from an official publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency. All of the former Soviet states were also analysed and the periods before and after 1986 were compared. RESULTS: Except for the Baltic States, all regions in the former USSR showed a significant rise in M/T from 1986. There were significant rises in M/T in the three most exposed (Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation). The birth deficit in the post-Soviet states for the ten years following Chernobyl was estimated at 2,072,666, of which 1,087,924 are accounted by Belarus and Ukraine alone. DISCUSSION: Chernobyl has resulted in the loss of millions of births, a process that has involved female even more than male fetuses. This is another and oft neglected consequence of widespread population radiation contamination. and V. Grech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
474175. The Chernobyl accident, the male to female ratio at birth and birth rates
- Creator:
- Scherb, Hagen, Kusmierz, Ralf, and Voigt, Kristina
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, komentáře, and TEXT
- Subject:
- porodnost, černobylská havárie, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and poměr pohlaví
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- H. Scherb, R. Kusmierz, K. Voigt
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
474176. The chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) on wild birds in Honduras
- Creator:
- Stanislav Kalúz, Ivan Literák, and Kolenčík, Stanislav
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- roztoči, mites, Blankaartia, Eutrombicula, Neoschoengastia, Parasecia, Prostigmata, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch et Fauran, 1956), Parasecia soucouyanti (Brennan et Yunker, 1966), Eutrombicula lipovskyana (Wolfenbarger, 1952) and Neoschoengastia dalmati Brennan, 1951 were found in Honduras on a total of twelve bird species. Parasecia soucouyanti was recorded parasitising birds for the first time. All these mites are here reported from Honduras for the first time., Stanislav Kalúz, Ivan Literák, Stanislav Kolenčík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
474177. The Chinese model, the Chinese dream and the mandate of heaven
- Creator:
- Miloš Balabán and Michal Tomášek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- reformy, právo, politický systém, reforms, law, political system, model, economic growth, power, communist party, mandate of heaven, vision, Chinese National Rejuvenation, Chinese Dream, 16, and 34
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The four decades of breath-taking political and economic changes in China raise a host of questions about the governance of this, in many ways unique, world power. The authors analyse the economic, political and historical context of the origins and operation of the present-day Chinese political model, the country’s legal system and the role of the Communist Party in the Chinese society, similar in many ways to the role previously played by China’s imperial dynasties. They also highlight the new trends in Chinese domestic politics and foreign policy of the late 2010s, which bear witness to a sustained effort of the Chinese political leadership to enhance China’s great-power status on the global stage., Miloš Balabán, Michal Tomášek., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
474178. The Choquet integral as Lebesgue integral and related inequalities
- Creator:
- Mesiar, Radko, Li, Jun, and Pap, Endre
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Choquet integral, comonotone functions, integral inequalities, monotone measure, and modularity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The integral inequalities known for the Lebesgue integral are discussed in the framework of the Choquet integral. While the Jensen inequality was known to be valid for the Choquet integral without any additional constraints, this is not more true for the Cauchy, Minkowski, Hölder and other inequalities. For a fixed monotone measure, constraints on the involved functions sufficient to guarantee the validity of the discussed inequalities are given. Moreover, the comonotonicity of the considered functions is shown to be a sufficient constraint ensuring the validity of all discussed inequalities for the Choquet integral, independently of the underlying monotone measure.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
474179. The ciris of the economic and monetary union and its solution (or dissolution?)
- Creator:
- Tomášek, Michal
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- economic and monetary union, budget policy, Treaty on Stability, and Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Both parts of the institution of “economic and monetary union” are constructed in different wayswithin European law. The economic part is built upon the decentralized structure of the European Union asa “community of states”; the monetary union is based upon the delegation of monetary powers from individualstates – their central banks – to the Union level. Serious crises of functioning of such a model broughtup the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union. TSCG is partof a gradual strategy of the centralization of budgetary policy at the level of the European Union. This strategyis built upon presumption that effective functioning of the monetary union must be supported by a centralbudget and central, or centralized, budgetary policy.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
474180. The civil society effect revisited: on the politics of liberal philanthropy today
- Creator:
- Walton, Jeremy F.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Civil society, Islam, liberalism, philanthropy, and new authoritarianism
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In this essay, I reconsider the politics of contemporary philanthropy by navigating between two dominant ideological perspectives on civil society: depoliticization and demonization. I do so with reference to the recent tribulations of three famous magnate-philanthropists, Osman Kavala, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, and George Soros. By revisiting my concept of the “civil society effect” – the romanticizing of civil society as a domain free from instrumental political motivations – I aim to shed light on the broader political terrain of contemporary capitalism, in which private capital is too easily understood as a neutral medium for political transformations. At the same time, I focus on the histories and genealogies that the depoliticization of civil society silences, especially the imperial legacies that opponents of liberal philosophy – new authoritarians such as Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Vladimir Putin and Viktor Orbán – frequently invoke with pugnacity.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public