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251. Kosmopolitní sociální teorie: Fine, R. Kosmopolitismus. Základní ideje globálního uspořádání

Creator:
Černá, Karolína
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
kosmopolitismus, globální problémy, globální společnost, politická filozofie, lidská práva, sociologické teorie, cosmopolitanism, global problems, global society, political philosophy, human rights, sociological theories, 18, and 316.3
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Karolína Černá., Obsahuje poznámky a citace, and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

252. Kouření a alkohol u dětí na základních školách Jihočeského kraje

Creator:
Markéta Kastnerová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, stati, writings, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, kouření, public opinion polls, smoking, alcohol, youth, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Smoking becames the important and relevant health and social problem in the Czech republic as well as in the world. Tobacco together with alcohol is the first habit forming substance, which the child contacts or which somebody offers to him. The aim of the research is to map the situation of using of legal drugs, tobacco and alcohol, by the children in the basic schools of the region of South Bohemia. The pupils of the 4th- 9 th classes of basic schools of region of South Bohemia of age 10 – 16 years present the basic group. The methods of questionning, technique questionnaire was used for the primary colection of data. More than the tenth of children - 12 % are the regular smokers – they smoke every day. Regular strong smokers, who smoke regularly more than 10 cigarettes a day, present more then 3 %. The most often beginning of the regular (daily) smoking is about 12 and 13 years. Only 16 % adolescents have never drunk the alcohol, less than half of them did not drink it in the last month. Only 57 % of respondents have never been drunken. The biggest popularity of beverages among the teen-agers has traditionally the beer followed wine and then destillates. The biggest experiences with alcohol had got the questionned people until 10 years of age., Tento článek seznamuje čtenáře s výsledky výzkumu, který byl provedený jako školní studie zahrnující populaci nižší věkové kategorie než u dosud provedených školních studií v ČR, a snaží se díky tomu lépe zachytit nástup užívání a zneužívání legálních návykových látek, tabáku a alkoholu. Cílem výzkumu bylo zmapovat situaci v užívání legálních drog, tabáku a alkoholu, u dětí na základních školách Jihočeského kraje. Výzkum se zaměřuje jak na pravidelné uživatele těchto legálních drog, tak na reprezentativní vzorek mladých lidí, kteří jsou potenciálně (a pochopitelně i reálně) ohrožených legálními drogami., Markéta Kastnerová., and Seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

253. Krajinou současného českého feminismu

Creator:
Nyklová, Blanka
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
feminismus, feminism, feminist identity, feminist movement, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
Over the course of the past twenty years, a diverse feminist and gender scene has formed in the Czech Republic. It contains academic institutions (Gender & Sociology at the Czech Academy of Science, FSS MU in Brno, FHS UK in Prague), a plethora of NGOs (Gender Studies, o.p.s., Fórum 50%, o.s., proFem, o.p.s., etc.) as well as solitary thinkers and associations (anarchofeminism, DIY culture, zines). The scene engages with feminist theories often coming from a different historical and social context. While this engagement has been partly mapped out (e.g. Kapusta-Pofahl 2002, Kodíčková 2002, Chaloupková 2006, Oates-Indruchová 2011) many topics remain unaddressed. This paper offers a comparison of claims made in literature on the scene with insights from twenty-seven semi-structured interviews with representatives of the Czech feminist scene concerning mainly the theories used and preferred by the research participants interviewed. The goal of the research is to map out topics concerning theories the scene uses. Five of these, the ones most resonant with the literature reviewed, are presented in the paper – self-identification with feminism, typology of feminisms, heterogeneity and a missing debate, sociological mainstream, and provincialism., Blanka Nyklová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

256. Kritika povinného očkování v ČR: charakteristiky rodičů a diskurzivní rámce, které využívají

Creator:
Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková and Skálová, Jitka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, očkování, biomedicína, vaccination, biomedicine, Česko, Czechia, odmítnutí očkování, anti-vaccination movement, discourse, vaccination refusal, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
Československo resp. Česká republika má dlouholetou tradici v oblastech očkování, přičemž míra proočkovanosti v současné době dosahuje 98-99 %. Zákon zároveň ukládá povinnost podrobení se očkování všem jedincům žijícím na území České republiky. Z hlediska zákona je člověk, který odmítá očkování svého dítěte, v pozici občana/ky dopouštějící/ho se přestupku a ohrožující/ho ochranu veřejného zdraví. Přestože je mnoha odborníky/cemi očkování považováno za jeden z největších úspěchů medicíny, ne všichni členové/ky české společnosti nahlížejí na povinné očkování jako na jednoznačné pozitivum. Tento text se zaměřuje na problematiku kritiky očkování v České republice perspektivou rodičů, kteří takovýto postoj zaujímají. Cílem tohoto textu je představit sociodemografické charakteristiky rodičů, kteří se kriticky staví k očkování, a zároveň diskurzy, které při své argumentaci mobilizují. Text vychází z dotazníkového šetření mezi rodiči, kteří kriticky vystupují vůči praxi očkování. Dotazník byl umístěn na webových stránkách občanského sdružení Rozalio, které představuje nejvýraznější a největší organizaci sdružující rodiče kritické k praxi povinného očkování v ČR. Šetření se zúčastnilo 372 respondentů/tek. Rodiče v dotazníku dostali rovněž prostor vlastními slovy vyjádřit své postoje k očkování a důvody, které je vedly k jeho odmítání či kritice., a1_The Czech Republic and its predecessor, Czechoslovakia, have a long-term tradition of immunization programmes, with a current coverage rate of 98-99%. Vaccination is mandated by law to all individuals living in the territory of the Czech Republic. In legal terms, a person who refuses to have their child vaccinated commits an administrative offence against public health. While many experts consider immunization as one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine, some members of Czech society do not regard compulsory vaccination as a clearly positive phenomenon. This paper focuses on parents’ critical perspectives on immunization in the Czech Republic. Its goal is to present the sociodemographic characteristics of parents with critical attitudes to immunization as well as the argumentative discourses they mobilize. The text is based on a questionnaire survey of parents who are active critics of immunization practice. The questionnaire was published at the website of Rozalio, a leading NGO that mobilizes parents against the practice of compulsory vaccination in the Czech Republic. 372 respondents participated in the survey. Open-ended questions were used to invite the parents to share their attitudes on vaccination and their motivations to refuse or critique the practice. The paper starts by presenting a sociodemographic profile of the parents who participated in the questionnaire survey. The quantitative data presented are not representative and rather provide us with general hints to better understand who the parents against vaccination are. The results indicate that critical debates on the practice of compulsory vaccination are primarily attended by better-educated women living in different parts of the Czech Republic. Subsequently, the central part of the analysis deals with the respondents´ answers to open-ended questions about their motivations to refuse/postpone vaccination. Three distinct ways the parents framed their critical attitudes to vaccination were identified in the analysis. The most salient frame, „biomedical discourse of risk“, exploited the concepts and principles of biomedicine but deviated from the dominant interpretation of immunization as public good, instead emphasizing related individual risks. As opposed to the concept of collective immunity as one of the pillars of general immunization policies and epidemiologic discourses, the parents emphasized the need to take an individual approach and personalize the risk. The second frame, „discourse of holistic health“, was much less salient. Referring to the principles of holistic medicine, it emphasized the role of lifestyle at the expense of medical control of the body. Finally, „activist discourse“ was another less frequently mentioned frame. It argued against vaccination as part of a more general critique of the ways the health care system operates and government interferes with individual freedoms., Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková, Jitka Skálová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

260. Kulturní obrat v konceptualizaci a výzkumu sociálních nerovností: od rozdělování k uznání

Creator:
Jadwiga Šanderová
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociální nerovnost, spravedlnost, social inequality, justice, 18, and 364
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article concentrates on critical responses to the so-called cultural turn in the conceptualization and research of social inequalities, in which we can, inter alia, discern a shift of interest from the problem of distribution to the problem of recognition. In this context, the dispute about the justice of distribution and recognition, led by Fraser and Honneth, is discussed. From the sociological point of view Fraser put forward an analogy of an unsuccessful Lenski’s attempt at synthesis of consensualist and conflictualist accounts of social order, whereas Honneth’s conception resonated with the consensualist account of order, characterized by explicit emphasis on norms and normative consensus. The author of this article suggests that the resolution of this dispute about justice (or inequality) may be indicated in Lockwood’s conception of the incongruence of the status and class order, which is, as is argued, closer to Honneth’s approach to the problem. Lockwood’s conception is extended here and employed in the argument, in which the author demonstrates that behind the increasing number of the so-called “inadaptable” individuals within the societies of the EuroAmerican cultural area, which is endangering the integration of society, we can trace the attempt of the majority to sustain its privileged position through narrowing the definition of performance applicable at the labour market. The author thus, following Honneth’s argument, comes to the conclusion that the threat to the integrity of contemporary society is to be thought of in terms of recognition and regards the cultural turn in the research of social inequalities in this context as valuable., Jadwiga Šanderová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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