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507072. Tragický smysl Levinasovy etiky

Creator:
Cools, Arthur
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
ethics, justice, action, Ricœur, and tragic
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article examines the dimension of the tragic experience in Levinas’s ethics. This dimension seems at odds with this ethics’ claim to define justice in a new way – no longer as a relation of reciprocity between members of a community, but newly according to the individual and asymmetrical relation to the Other. On several occa-sions, Levinas expresses the intention to overcome the fatality of being and to break with the totalitarian effects of the State logic by revealing the ethical meaning beyond being. His philosophy has therefore been interpreted as an ethics of transcendence, based upon the reference to the idea of the Good, but which is unable to account for the tragic dimension of conflicting values and for the finitude of the subjectivity’s capabilities for doing good. In this article, however, I argue that Levinas does not ignore a dimension of the tragic in the ethical relation to the other. Reconsidering the notion of the “there is” (the il y a) within the relation to the other, I show in the first part of this paper how Levinas’s ethics of transcendence enables us to consider a new sense of the tragic experience, given with the responsibility for the other. In the second part, I examine how this sense of the tragic experience relates to Levinas’s understanding of justice. Confronting Levinas with Ricœur’s approach to tragic action in One-self as another, I point to a gap between Levinas’s ethical concept of justice and the political realisation of justice, the articulation of which also reveals several major problems in Levinas’s understanding of justice.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

507073. Tragično a transcendence: "Všechno zlé není tragické"

Creator:
Tomášová, Pavlína
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Karl Jaspers, zlo, tragično, existenciální filosofie, transcendence, metafyzika, pravda, vina, evil, tragedy, existential philosophy, metaphysics, truth, guilt, das Böse, Tragödie, Existenzphilosophie, Transzendenz, Metaphysik, Wahrheit, and Schuld
Language:
Czech
Description:
Předkládaný text pojednává o vztahu zla a tragična v rámci filosofické koncepce Karla Jasperse, a to zejména v kontextu jeho knihy Von der Wahrheit (1947). První část práce se zaměřuje na Jaspersovo pojetí zla, jež je výrazně odlišné od Kantova etického zla. Na rozdíl od Kanta Jaspers spojuje zlo s nepravdou a vidí jeho původ v nejednotě všech způsobů objímajícího bytí. V kapitole „Über das Tragische“, v níž Jaspers pojednává o tragičnu, lze rozpoznat dvojí zlo – vůli ke zlu a skryté zlo. Druhá část studie podrobněji analyzuje Jaspersovu tezi, že „všechno zlé není tragické“. Smrt a utrpení jsou nedílnou součástí života, přičemž tragédie je zakotvena v transcendenci. Tragický hrdina i za cenu svého vlastního života bojuje za pravdu a ztělesňuje nové ideje svým jednáním. Podle Jasperse křesťanské náboženství znemožňuje opravdové tragično, neboť spása vylučuje možnost tragické smrti jako absolutně a radikálně tragické. Stať představuje Jaspersovo specifické chápání konceptu tragična jakožto základní reality světa, jež ukazuje pomíjivost lidského života a také univerzálního řádu., This text concentrates on the relationship of evil and tragedy in context of the book Von der Wahrheit (1947; On the Truth) by Karl Jaspers. In its first part, the essay describes a distinct way of understanding Kant’s ethical evil. In contrast, Jaspers associates evil with untruth and sees its origin in the divergence of all ways of embracing. In the “Über das Tragische” chapter, two concepts of evil may be observed – the will to evil and the hidden evil. Individuals are responsible for both of these evils, although they are not the cause. Nevertheless, evil is not tragedy. The second part of the essay presents a closer look at an argument of Jaspers that “all that is evil is not tragic” to prove that death and suffering are an integral part of the life. Tragedy is anchored in a transcendence. A tragic hero, even at the cost of his own life, fights for the truth and embodies new ideas by his demeanour. The essay further shows Jaspers’ argument that religion is antagonistic to tragedy, because salvation, as portrayed in the religions, precludes the possibility of the tragic death, as being absolutely and radically tragic. The essay demonstrates Jaspers’ specific conceptual grasp of the tragedy as the basic reality of life, which shows the transience of human life and universal order., and Dieser Text konzentriert sich auf das Verhältnis von Bösem und Tragischem im Kontext von Karl Jaspers’ Buch Von der Wahrheit (1947). Im ersten Teil beschreibt dieser Aufsatz eine andere Art, Kants ethisches Übel zu verstehen. Im Gegensatz dazu assoziiert Jaspers das Böse mit Lüge und sieht seinen Ursprung in der Inkonsistenz aller Umarmungsweisen. Im Kapitel „Über das Tragische“ lassen sich zwei Konzepte des Bösen – der Wille zum Bösen und das verborgene Böse – unterscheiden. Sie sind für beide Übel verantwortlich, obwohl sie nicht die Ursache sind. Aber das Böse ist nicht tragisch. Der zweite Teil des Artikels befasst sich eingehender mit Jaspers Argumentation, dass „Alles Böse ist nicht tragisch“ sei, um zu beweisen, dass Tod und Leiden ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Lebens sind. Das Tragische ist in der Transzendenz verankert. Ein tragischer Held kämpft auch auf Kosten seines eigenen Lebens, für die Wahrheit und verkörpert mit seiner Haltung neue Ideen. Der Artikel zeigt auch Jaspers Argument, dass Religion dem Tragischen zuwiderläuft, weil die Rettung, wie sie in den Religionen dargestellt wird, den tragischen Tod unmöglich macht, als absolut und radikal tragisch. Der ganze Text zeigt also Jaspers‘ spezifisches Konzept des Tragischen als Grundwirklichkeit des Lebens, das die Vergänglichkeit des menschlichen Lebens und der universellen Ordnung zeigt.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

507080. Train-induced vibration prediction in multi-story buildings using support vector machine

Creator:
Yao, Jinbao, Yao, Baozhen, Du, Yuwei, and Jiang, Yonglei
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Vibration, railway, train, building, support vector machine, and shuffled frog-leaping algorithm
Language:
English
Description:
Train-induced vibration prediction in multi-story buildings can effectively provide the effect of vibrations on buildings. With the results of prediction, the corresponding measures can be used to reduce the influence of the vibrations. To accurately predict the vibrations induced by train in multi-story buildings, support vector machine (SVM) is used in this paper. Since the parameters in SVM are very vital for the prediction accuracy, shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA) is used to optimize the parameters for SVM. The proposed model is evaluated with the data from field experiments. The results show SFLA can effectively provide better parameter values for SVM and the SVM models outperform a better performance than artificial neural network (ANN) for train-induced vibration prediction
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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