The following text outlines some aspects of people‘s decision making process during elections in modern mass democracies. Particularly, the aspect of (in)competence of electorate or, as the case may be, the problem of rationality of the political audiance that creates the public opinion. The arguments proving the discrepancy between the normativ and the empiric character of public opinion are purposly disbalanced based on the evaluation of reality. This, however, does not in any way influence the evaluation of adequacy of the democratic normativ., Není sporu o tom, že etablování všeobecného volebního práva v mnoha směrech proměnilo základní politický půdorys veřejného prostoru liberálních (ústavně pluralitních) demokracií. V tomto textu se pokusím načrtnout některé aspekty volebního rozhodování v moderních masových demokraciích, zejména pak téma (ne)kompetence voličů respektive problém racionality politického publika neboli veřejného mínění. Je třeba předeslat, že argumentace je vědomě poněkud jednostranně vystavěna na základě kritické evaluace reálného stavu a fakticky se nijak nedotýká hodnocení adekvátnosti demokratického normativu., Daniel Kunštát., and Seznam literatury
This text provides a detailed examination of realism as a philosophy of natural science and its implications for the practice of social science. It also summarises some of the central themes of realism and its relations with other philosophical traditions. Realism is seen as essentially an ontological doctrine which means that it shares with neo-pragmatism a critique of the predominantly epistemological stress - most evident in rationalism - of much recent philosophy. It is argued that on the relation between science and philosophy, realism adopts intermediate position between the anti-philosophical philosophy of the pragmatists and the rationalist conception as the judge of science. In conclusion, new realist philosophy of science - newly defined against earlier versions of realism - is offered as a sufficient tool with which the endemic problems of the social sciences might be addressed., William Outhwaite, z angličtiny přeložil Jan Balon., Tento text je překladem vybrané kapitoly z knihy New Philophies of Social Science: Realism, Hermaneutics and Critical Theory, and Obsahuje bibliografii
The essential attribute of socio-cultural anthropology and ethnography – fieldwork – is a process that interferes in the intimate lives of the population under observation, and that of the researcher as well. This study reconceptualises the issue of sexuality and gender, as they are for the individual the primary characteristic which determines a researcher’s position in field. The article highlights the discrepancy between the way fieldwork techniques are taught, and the real practice of fieldwork. One solution could entail relaxing methodological formalism, which may be in practice unachievable, and the removal of the taboo surrounding the whole issue. Different strategies for dealing with the researchers’ own sexuality and gender in the field, and their accompanying adaptation to the situation, are considered. Attention is paid to the issue of sexual violence in fieldwork., Gabriela Fatková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
na valné hromadě hospodářského spolku pro okresy pardubický, přeloučský a holický, v Přelouči dne 4. června 1885 konané, přednášel Karel Adámek and Otisk z "Hospodářského listu" chrudimského