The eye nematode Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry, 1910 (Spirurida: Thelaziidae) is a vector-borne zoonotic nematode infecting a range of wild and domestic carnivores as well as humans. It is considered to be a causative agent of emerging and neglected disease and currently invades central part of Europe. Nematodes were collected from the eye of a dog living in Prague, which never travelled outside the Czech Republic. The nematodes were identified based on their morphology and partial sequence of the cox1 gene as T. callipaeda haplotype 1. This finding represents the northernmost record of autochthonous canine thelaziosis in Europe. The insufficient control of imported animals as well as free movement of dogs and wild carnivores within Europe probably facilitates spreading of T. callipaeda throughout the continent. To better understand the spreading of T. callipaeda and to prevent its zoonotic transmissions, information about the risk of this infection in newly invaded countries should be disseminated not only among veterinarians and physicians, but also within the community of pet owners and hunters., Milan Jirků, Roman Kuchta, Elena Gricaj, David Modrý and Kateřina Jirků Pomajbíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) has declined across Europe, including the Czech Republic. Current conservation strategies rely on prevention of habitat loss and degradation, and increase in habitat quality and connectivity via promoting traditional grassland management. The population structure and adult demography parameters of a single population was investigated for eight years (single system), and of all the known Czech populations (multiple populations) for a single year, using mark-recapture. There was substantial variation in the patterns of adult demography, both among years in the single system and among the multiple populations in a single year. In the single system, the date of the first flight of an adult varied by 18 days over the 8 years and total annual numbers varied with a coefficient of variation of 0.40 (females fluctuating more than males). The average density was ca 80 adults/ha. The population size displayed density-dependence, i.e. decreased following years with high adult numbers, with an equilibrium density of 90 individuals/ha. The average density of the multiple populations was ca 120 individuals/ha. The estimated total population for the Czech Republic was 25,000 individuals (17,000 males / 8,000 females) in 2007, which does not indicate an imminent threat of extinction. The regional persistence of E. aurinia is likely to depend on re-colonisation of temporarily vacant sites by dispersing individuals, facilitated by local shifts in adult flight phenology to that better adapted to local conditions. and Kamil Zimmermann, Pavla Blazkova, Oldrich Cizek, Zdenek Fric, Vladimir Hula, Pavel Kepka, David Novotny, Irena Slamova, Martin Konvicka.
Článek představuje dlouhodobý výzkum vodního hmyzu, především jepic (Ephemeroptera), pošvatek (Plecoptera) a chrostíků (Trichoptera), v České republice. V jeho více než stoleté historii jsou určitými milníky období přelomu 19. a 20. stol. a práce F. Klapálka a druhá polovina minulého století, kdy probíhal organizovaný faunistický výzkum vedený V. Landou a M. Zelinkou. Data a materiál nashromážděné během celého tohoto období nyní umožňují provést unikátní porovnání výskytu druhů v současnosti a minulosti na stovkách lokalit po celé České republice. Jeho výsledky přinášejí cenné informace o vývoji společenstev vodního hmyzu., This article presents long-term investigation into aquatic insects, particularly mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Ephemeroptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera), in the Czech Republic. Within its more than hundred-year history, two milestones can be recognised: the turn of the 20th century with the famous work of F. Klapálek, and the second half of the last century with extended faunistic research conducted by V. Landa and M. Zelinka. The data and material gathered during the entire period enable us to compare species distribution at hundreds of localities covering the whole Czech Republic over the hundred years. The results show valuable information on the development of communities of aquatic insects., and Tomáš Soldán ... [et al.].
Detailní výzkum recentní fauny umožňuje srovnání s výskytem jednotlivých druhů v období od glaciálu, přes oteplení na počátku holocénu, klimatické optimum holocénu i s nástupem zemědělství až po zhoršení podmínek v mladším holocénu. Fosilní záznamy mohou pomoci při vysvětlení absence konkrétních druhů na určitém místě v současnosti. Autoři článku také diskutují vliv ekologických fenoménů na lokální druhovou diverzitu - některé z nich druhovou bohatost zvyšují (říční, krasový a vrcholový fenomén), jiné ji snižují (hadcový a pískovcový fenomén). Faunistický výzkum musí probíhat ruku v ruce s taxonomickými studiemi. I v tak malakologicky prozkoumaných zemích, jako je Česká republika, jsou stále objevovány pro dané území nové druhy, včetně invazních – žádné území není prozkoumané jednou provždy. Článek zmiňuje některé důležité faunistické objevy na území České republiky, tak připomíná zásadní význam tohoto dnes podceňovaného oboru a nastiňuje také jeho výhled do budoucnosti., It is important to study the occurrence (presence vs. absence) of extant species; fossil records can help explaining the patterns. The role of ecological phenomena on local species diversity is discussed. The impact of ecological phenomena on local species diversity is discussed – some of them increase (river, karst and hilltop phenomena), while others decrease the species diversity (serpentine and sandstone phenomena). Faunistic research must go hand in hand with taxonomic research. Even in a well-explored country such as the Czech Republic, new species for this area are constantly being discovered including some invasive species, making faunistic research a never-ending story., and Lucie Juřičková, Vojen Ložek.
Thanks to intensive monitoring of butter - flies and specifically of the critically en - dangered Clouded Apollo Butterfly (Parnassius mnemosyne) over the last 10 years, we can provide more accurate information about recent distribution and habitat requi - rements. and Petr Vlašánek, Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš.