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2. Demography of adults of the Marsh fritillary butterfly, Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Czech Republic: Patterns across sites and seasons

Creator:
Kamil Zimmermann, Blažková, Pavla, Čížek, Oldřich, Frič, Zdeněk, Hůla, Vladimír, Kepka, Pavel, Novotný, David, Slámová, Irena, and Martin Konvička
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Česko, Czechia, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Euphydryas aurinia, Marsh fritillary, butterfly conservation, demography, density dependence, grasslands, local dynamics, metapopulation, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The Marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) has declined across Europe, including the Czech Republic. Current conservation strategies rely on prevention of habitat loss and degradation, and increase in habitat quality and connectivity via promoting traditional grassland management. The population structure and adult demography parameters of a single population was investigated for eight years (single system), and of all the known Czech populations (multiple populations) for a single year, using mark-recapture. There was substantial variation in the patterns of adult demography, both among years in the single system and among the multiple populations in a single year. In the single system, the date of the first flight of an adult varied by 18 days over the 8 years and total annual numbers varied with a coefficient of variation of 0.40 (females fluctuating more than males). The average density was ca 80 adults/ha. The population size displayed density-dependence, i.e. decreased following years with high adult numbers, with an equilibrium density of 90 individuals/ha. The average density of the multiple populations was ca 120 individuals/ha. The estimated total population for the Czech Republic was 25,000 individuals (17,000 males / 8,000 females) in 2007, which does not indicate an imminent threat of extinction. The regional persistence of E. aurinia is likely to depend on re-colonisation of temporarily vacant sites by dispersing individuals, facilitated by local shifts in adult flight phenology to that better adapted to local conditions. and Kamil Zimmermann, Pavla Blazkova, Oldrich Cizek, Zdenek Fric, Vladimir Hula, Pavel Kepka, David Novotny, Irena Slamova, Martin Konvicka.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Dlouhodobý výzkum vodního hmyzu - rodinné stříbro české entomologie

Creator:
Tomáš Soldán, Bojková, Jindřiška, Světlana Zahrádková, Jan Helešic, and Pavel Sroka
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, Klapálek, František, 1863-1919, Zelinka, Miloš, 1925-2010, Landa, Vladimír, 1923-2001, hydrobiologie, hmyz, vědecký výzkum, hydrobiology, insects, scientific research, Česko, Czechia, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek představuje dlouhodobý výzkum vodního hmyzu, především jepic (Ephemeroptera), pošvatek (Plecoptera) a chrostíků (Trichoptera), v České republice. V jeho více než stoleté historii jsou určitými milníky období přelomu 19. a 20. stol. a práce F. Klapálka a druhá polovina minulého století, kdy probíhal organizovaný faunistický výzkum vedený V. Landou a M. Zelinkou. Data a materiál nashromážděné během celého tohoto období nyní umožňují provést unikátní porovnání výskytu druhů v současnosti a minulosti na stovkách lokalit po celé České republice. Jeho výsledky přinášejí cenné informace o vývoji společenstev vodního hmyzu., This article presents long-term investigation into aquatic insects, particularly mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Ephemeroptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera), in the Czech Republic. Within its more than hundred-year history, two milestones can be recognised: the turn of the 20th century with the famous work of F. Klapálek, and the second half of the last century with extended faunistic research conducted by V. Landa and M. Zelinka. The data and material gathered during the entire period enable us to compare species distribution at hundreds of localities covering the whole Czech Republic over the hundred years. The results show valuable information on the development of communities of aquatic insects., and Tomáš Soldán ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Entomologický ústav Biologického centra Akademie věd ČR, v. v. i., v Českých Budějovicích

Creator:
František Marec, Šula, Jan, and Vladimír Košťál
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, Entomologický ústav (Akademie věd ČR), entomologie, vědecká práce, entomology, scientific reports, Česko, Czechia, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
František Marec, Jan Šula, Vladimír Košťál.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Faunistika pro 21. století. II. Přínos faunistiky k poznání naší přírody a krajiny a výhledy do budoucna

Creator:
Lucie Juřičková and Vojen Ložek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, měkkýši, životní prostředí, paleontologie, molluscs, environment, paleontology, Česko, Czechia, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Detailní výzkum recentní fauny umožňuje srovnání s výskytem jednotlivých druhů v období od glaciálu, přes oteplení na počátku holocénu, klimatické optimum holocénu i s nástupem zemědělství až po zhoršení podmínek v mladším holocénu. Fosilní záznamy mohou pomoci při vysvětlení absence konkrétních druhů na určitém místě v současnosti. Autoři článku také diskutují vliv ekologických fenoménů na lokální druhovou diverzitu - některé z nich druhovou bohatost zvyšují (říční, krasový a vrcholový fenomén), jiné ji snižují (hadcový a pískovcový fenomén). Faunistický výzkum musí probíhat ruku v ruce s taxonomickými studiemi. I v tak malakologicky prozkoumaných zemích, jako je Česká republika, jsou stále objevovány pro dané území nové druhy, včetně invazních – žádné území není prozkoumané jednou provždy. Článek zmiňuje některé důležité faunistické objevy na území České republiky, tak připomíná zásadní význam tohoto dnes podceňovaného oboru a nastiňuje také jeho výhled do budoucnosti., It is important to study the occurrence (presence vs. absence) of extant species; fossil records can help explaining the patterns. The role of ecological phenomena on local species diversity is discussed. The impact of ecological phenomena on local species diversity is discussed – some of them increase (river, karst and hilltop phenomena), while others decrease the species diversity (serpentine and sandstone phenomena). Faunistic research must go hand in hand with taxonomic research. Even in a well-explored country such as the Czech Republic, new species for this area are constantly being discovered including some invasive species, making faunistic research a never-ending story., and Lucie Juřičková, Vojen Ložek.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Jasoň dymnivkový po více než 10 letech

Creator:
Petr Vlašánek, Martin Konvička, and Jiří Beneš
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, ohrožené druhy živočichů, motýli, Česko, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Thanks to intensive monitoring of butter - flies and specifically of the critically en - dangered Clouded Apollo Butterfly (Parnassius mnemosyne) over the last 10 years, we can provide more accurate information about recent distribution and habitat requi - rements. and Petr Vlašánek, Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Karyotypes of central European spiders of the genera Arctosa, Tricca, and Xerolycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Creator:
Dolejš, Petr, Kořínková, Tereza, Musilová, Jana, Opatová, Věra, Kubcová, Lenka, Buchar, Jan, and Král, Jiří
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Česko, Rakousko, Czechia, Austria, Lycosidae, spiders, karyotype, sex chromosomes, meiosis, constitutive heterochromatin, nucleolar organizer region, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of this study was to characterize karyotypes of central European spiders of the genera Arctosa, Tricca, and Xerolycosa (Lycosidae) with respect to the diploid chromosome number, chromosome morphology, and sex chromosomes. Karyotype data are reported for eleven species, six of them for the first time. For selected species the pattern in the distributions of the constitutive heterochromatin and the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was determined. The silver staining technique for detecting NORs of lycosid spiders was standardized. The male karyotype consisted of 2n = 28 (Arctosa and Tricca) or 2n = 22 (Xerolycosa) acrocentric chromosomes. The sex chromosome system was X1X20 in all species. The sex chromosomes of T. lutetiana and X. nemoralis showed unusual behaviour during late diplotene, namely temporary extension due to decondensation. C-banding technique revealed a small amount of constitutive heterochromatin at the centromeric region of the chromosomes. Two pairs of autosomes bore terminal NORs. Differences in karyotypes among Arctosa species indicate that the evolution of the karyotype in this genus involved autosome translocations and size changes in the sex chromosomes. Based on published results and those recorded in this study it is suggested that the ancestral male karyotype of the superfamily Lycosoidea consisted of 28 acrocentric chromosomes. and Petr DOLEJŠ, Tereza KOŘÍNKOVÁ, Jana MUSILOVÁ, Věra OPATOVÁ, Lenka KUBCOVÁ, Jan BUCHAR, Jiří KRÁL.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

9. Medvěd hnědý, jeho vyhubení a návrat do naší přírody. 1

Creator:
Jan Andreska
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, medvěd hnědý, vyhubení, Česko, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Detailed knowledge of the circumstances behind the extermination of particular animal species is a key premise for their eventual return, reintroduction and ongoing preservation. Data on the presence of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in the Czech landscape are usually limited to simple entries about the day and place where the last specimens in particular (usually mountainous) regions were slain. Demand for more precise data, especially regarding the last documented presence of bear cubs, has emerged in respect of the recently discovered ability of bears to migrate over long distances. The newly collected data allowed the author to present amuch more complete historical view of the process of extermination of the Brown Bear in the Czech territory. and Jan Andreska.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. Medvěd hnědý, jeho vyhubení a návrat do naší přírody. II

Creator:
Jan Andreska
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, medvěd hnědý, Česko, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
The prolonged survival of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) population in the Bohemian Forest was largely possible due to the protec tion of this animal, which was considered a rare and desirable trophy. Consequently the bear was able to survive in the Bohemian Forest for a hundred years longer than in the Ore Mountains. Isolated populations in the Sudetes survived in Moravia, and the last specimens were hunted down in the 1740s. Bears hunted down during the 19th century in the Beskydy Mts. can almost certainly be considered casual migrants from the Slovak part of this mountain range. The return of bears to the territory of Moravia and Silesia corresponds with the consolidation of the Slovak population due to the protection introduced in 1932. and Jan Andreska.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public